ObjectiveBased on literature data mining， this study explores the modeling elements of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） animal models in China and abroad， providing references and suggestions for improving modeling methods and evaluation indicators. MethodsRelevant literature on IBS-D animal experiments from 2014 to 2024 was retrieved through computer searches in databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP， Chinese Medical Journals Full-text Database， and PubMed. Information on experimental animal species， gender， body weight， modeling methods， modeling periods， intervention controls， modeling standards， and detection indicators was organized. Microsoft Excel 2021 software was used to establish a database and perform statistical analysis to examine the characteristics of IBS-D animal models. ResultsA total of 398 articles that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The IBS-D animal models were predominantly established using SD rats， Wistar rats， and C57BL/6 mice. Male animals were more commonly used， with rats typically aged 6-8 weeks and mice aged 4-6 weeks. In terms of interventions， piverium bromide was the main Western medicine， Tongxieyaofang was the primary Chinese medicine， and electroacupuncture was the primary acupuncture method. Among the modeling methods， the multi-factor combined composite modeling approach was the most common. Modeling periods were mainly concentrated between 1-14 days and 15-30 days. The success criteria for modeling were mainly evaluated based on the animal's general condition， fecal appearance， visceral sensitivity， gastrointestinal motility， behavior， and pathology. Detection indicators included apparent indexes， pathological markers， biochemical indicators， oxidative stress， brain-gut peptides， neurotransmitters， inflammatory factors， immune function， intestinal permeability， autophagy， apoptosis， proteins related to relevant signaling pathways， intestinal microbiota and its metabolites， etc. ConclusionThere are various methods for establishing IBS-D animal models， but no unified and universally accepted method has been established. The operation of the same modeling methods and the evaluation standards of the models vary across studies. Based on the results of data mining， the authors suggest that the multi-factor combined composite modeling approach most closely reflects the pathophysiological processes of IBS-D， better simulating the complex clinical symptoms of IBS-D patients， such as abdominal pain and diarrhea， and has a high degree of clinical relevance. This method is relatively recommended. While animal models in general align with Western medicine standards， models incorporating traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes are relatively few. Therefore， one of the future directions for research is to establish IBS-D animal models that meet the combined clinical disease and syndrome requirements of both Western and Chinese medicine.

Skeletal muscle injury is a common disease in clinical practice,and an in-depth understanding of its repair mechanisms is crucial for the development of effective therapeutic strategies.This paper focuses on the key role of TGF-β in skeletal muscle injury repair,introduces the diversity of its family members and signaling pathways,explores the expression and regulation part of TGF-β after skeletal muscle injury,analyzes its early expression dynamics and regulatory factors,and thoroughly investigates the effects of TGF-β on skeletal muscle repair,revealing its inflammatory regulation,cellular activation and proliferation as well as fibrosis.Key role.Special attention was paid to its mechanism of action in muscle regeneration and its regulatory mechanism at the cellular level.In addition,the potential clinical applications of TGF-β in the repair of skeletal muscle injury were discussed,and the development and application of it as a therapeutic target and modulator were explored.However,controversies and shortcomings still exist in the current study,such as the dual roles of TGF-β and the impact of individual differences on treatment.Future research directions should include digging deeper into the details of signaling pathways and biomarker discovery.By overcoming these challenges,the potential clinical application of TGF-β in skeletal muscle injury repair is expected to usher in new breakthroughs and provide patients with more individualized and effective treatment strategies.

Background Alcohol dependence and related health problems have attracted greater than ever attention in recent years.Alcohol dependence not only affected personal behavior control ability,but also brought adverse effect to families and society.Objective To analyze the relationship between cognitive function and personality traits among male alcohol-dependent patients with aggressive behavior,in order to provide references for improving the cognitive function of male alcohol-dependent patients with aggressive behavior.Methods Male patients with alcohol dependence attending Hunan Brain Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 and fulfilling the International Classification of Diseases,tenth edition(ICD-10)diagnostic criteria were enrolled.According to the score of Modified Overt Aggression Scale(MOAS),participants were classified into aggressive behavior group and non-aggressive behavior group at 1∶1 ratio,each with 80 cases.The enrolled subjects were then evaluated using Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale for Chinese(EPQ-RSC)and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status(RBANS).Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to examine the correlation between EPQ-RSC and RBANS scores among alcohol-dependent patients with aggressive behavior.Results Scores on each subscale in RBANS were all lower in aggressive behavior group than those in non-aggressive behavior group(t=2.176,2.580,2.076,2.308,2.193,P<0.05),and scores on each dimension in EPQ-RSC in aggressive behavior group were higher than those in non-aggressive behavior group(t=4.497,5.242,6.459,P<0.01).Pearson correlation analysis denoted that the scores of introversion/extroversion,neuroticism and psychoticism in EPQ-RSC were positively correlated with the scores of immediate memory,visuospatial/constructional ability,language,attention and delayed memory in RBANS among alcohol-dependent patients with aggressive behavior(r=0.294～0.482,0.362～0.511,0.265～0.475,P<0.05).Conclusion The cognitive function may have a certain correlation with personality traits in alcohol-dependent patients with aggressive behavior.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of miR-208b-3p on energy metabolism in mice with heart failure(HF)induced by transverse aortic constriction(TAC).Methods Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into sham operation group(Sham group,n=6)and surgery group(n=18).TAC was used to establish an HF model in the surgical group,the sham group received the same surgical procedures as TAC,but no ligation of the transverse aortic arc.At the second week after TAC,the surgery group was randomly divided into Antagomir group(n=6),Antagomir-NC group(n=6)and TAC group(n=6).The mice of the Antagomir group and the Antagomir-NC group were injected with miR-208b-3p antagomir reagent(800 μg)and miR-208b-3p antagomir negative control reagent(800 μg),respectively by tail vein,twice a week,for 4 consecutive weeks.Echocardiography was performed at the 6th week after surgery to evaluate the cardiac function.HE staining and Sirius red staining were used to observe myocardial histopathology in mice.ATP assay was employed to detect the ATP level in myocardial tissues.RT-qPCR was applied to detect the expression of miR-208b-3p,mitochondrial genes(ND1,ND2,ND3,ND4,ND4L,ND5,ND6,CO1,CO2,CO3,CYTB,ATP6 and ATP8),POLRMT and 12S rRNA in myocardial tissues.Double luciferase reporter assay was conducted to detect the interaction between miR-208b-3p and the potential target gene POLRMT.Western blotting was utilized to detect the changes in the protein levels of POLRMT and ND1,CO2,CYTB and ATP8 in myocardial tissues.Results The expression of miR-208b-3p was significantly higher in myocardial tissues of the TAC group than the Sham group(P＜0.05).Echocardiography revealed that the ejection fraction,systolic and diastolic functions were significantly improved in the Antagomir group than the TAC group(P＜0.05).Pathological observation showed significantly improved cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,arrangement disorder and myocardial interstititial cell infiltration in the Antagomir group(P＜0.05).Compared with the TAC group,the ATP level was significantly increased(P＜0.05),the expression levels of POLRMT and mitochondrial gene transcripts(12SrRNA and 13 mitochondrial gene-coding polypeptides)were significantly increased(P＜0.05),but there were no changes in SDHA and SDHB levels in the Antagomir group.Double luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-208b-3p bound to the CDS region of POLRMT.The protein levels of POLRMT,ND1,CO2,CYTB and ATP8 were significantly increased in the myocardial tissues in the Antagomir group than the TAC group(P＜0.05).Conclusion MiR-208b-3p inhibits the expression of mitochondrial genes by targeting POLRMT,aggravates mitochondrial energy metabolism disorder,and deteriorates cardiac insufficiency and ventricular remodeling in HF mice.

For Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA), surgical resection is the only effective way to cure this disease. However, it has high postoperative mortality and high recurrence rate. Domestic and foreign scholars have constructed statistics-based evaluation methods to predict patients′ postoperative survival and complications, such as nomogram, scoring system and other prognostic models. Based on these methods, clinicians can better select patients who can benefit from surgery and choose the optimal? treatment for more severe patients. Through the adoption of other treatments or some ways to ameliorate some preoperative condition, to improve the patient′s mortality and survival. This article reviews the prognostic risk factors and prognostic models of pCCA in order to provide a reference for clinicians to predict the prognosis about the surgery.

Gastric ulcer is a common digestive system disease,and the long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)is the second most important cause.NSAID-induced gastric ulcer animal models are key experimental tools for studying the pathogenesis,corresponding treatment method,and effective mechanisms of NSAID-induced gastrointestinal injury.However,there are currently a lack of reviews on NSAID-induced gastric ulcer animal models.This review summarizes and compares the relevant literature on animal research into indomethacin-and aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in the past 10 years,including the selection of experimental animals,drug solvents,and specific modeling method.The limitations of current models,such as the cumbersome modeling method,incomplete modeling details,inadequate models for clinical use,and lack of comparative drug research,are discussed.Feasible solutions are proposed with the aim of providing an effective reference for research in this field.

We investigated the prevalence and genetic variation of porcine pseudorabies virus(PRV)in Hunan Province.A total of 18 861 serum samples and 1 725 suspected PRV-infected tissue sam-ples were collected from Hunan Province from 2021 to 2022.ELISA and qPCR assays were used to detect PRV-gE antibodies in serum samples and the PRV-gE nucleic acids in tissue samples.The positive rates of samples in different years and seasons were analyzed correspondingly.Moreover,the gC gene sequences of 15 PRV-positive samples were amplified,sequenced,and analyzed.The results showed that 2 004 serum and 56 tissue samples tested positive,with an average positive rate of 10.74％and 3.25％,respectively.The sequence analysis showed that the nucleotide and ami-no acid sequence identities of the gC gene among 15 PRV-positive samples were 98.4％-100.0％and 98.8％-100.0％,respectively.Further genetic evolution analysis showed that 13 PRV strains belonged to the same branch with the PRV variants,while two strains were clustered into the same branch with the classical PRV strains.The above results indicate that PRV remains widely prevalent in different regions of Hunan Province,and the variant strain is the dominant epi-demic subtype,which provided a scientific basis for exploring the epidemiological characteristics of PRV and the development of vaccines against PR in Hunan Province.

Gallbladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the biliary tract, characterized by a stealthy onset, high invasiveness, and poor prognosis. The 5-year survival rate of gallbladder cancer patients is only 5%-20%. Currently, radical surgery remains the only potentially curative method for gallbladder cancer. Historically, gallbladder cancer was once considered a contraindication for laparoscopic surgery. In recent years, with the improvement of preoperative diagnosis level of gallbladder cancer, progress in surgical techniques and laparoscopic equipment, an increasing number of clinicians have explored and recognized the effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of gallbladder cancer. This review summarizes the latest advances in laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder cancer.

Objective:To investigate the application of virtual reality (VR) technology on intraoperative pain in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related procedures with local infiltration anesthesia and the satisfaction.Methods:It was a single-center, prospective, concurrent controlled study. Patients were divided into two groups: VR group and control group. In the VR group, patients wore a VR headset to watch soothing audio and video content during surgery, while the control group underwent routine procedures. Intraoperative pain and satisfaction were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and a 5-point satisfaction scale within 30 minutes of surgery. In addition, tolerance of the VR experience in the VR group was assessed using the VR sickness questionnaire.Results:A total of 43 patients were included in the study, including 25 males (58.1%). Chronic glomerulonephritis [17 cases (39.5%)] and diabetic nephropathy [6 cases (14.0%)] were the main primary diseases. There were 23 cases in the control group and 20 cases in the VR group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, sex ratio, proportion of primary disease, diabetes, hypertension, distribution of operation methods, preoperative vital signs and operation time (all P>0.05). VAS pain score was significantly lower in the VR group than that in the control group (5.90±2.38 vs. 7.43±1.67, t=2.469, P=0.018). The percentage of patients who were satisfied was 89.5% (17/19) in the VR group and 78.3% (18/23) in the control group, but there was no significant difference (chi-square test for continuity correction, χ2=0.308, P=0.579). Three patients in the VR group withdrew from the study due to severe discomfort, while the remaining participants found the VR experience to be tolerable. Common adverse effects included fatigue and blurred vision. Conclusions:The application of VR technology in PD-related procedures has been effective in reducing intraoperative pain when combined with local infiltration anesthesia. Furthermore, the utilization of VR technology in PD-related procedures is associated with a safe and tolerable outcome, despite the observation of some adverse effects.

Objectives:Aimed to establish a rapid, high-throughput, automated method for determining the creatine kinase (CK-MM) isoform levels.Methods:Magnetic beads labeled with anti-CK-MM antibodies were combined with alkaline phosphatase-based chemiluminescence detection. Clinical and diagnostic performance validation of the assay was determined by analysis of 998 and 75 dried blood spot samples from healthy newborns and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, respectively, and the CK activity was also determined. The blank and detection limits, cross-reactivity, recovery rate of the method, intra-and inter-assay coefficient, and the hook effect were evaluated.Results:Blank and detection limits were 17.4 and 39.3 ng/ml, respectively. Cross-reactivity toward CK-MB and CK-BB isoforms was 0.2% and 0.02%, respectively. Intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation were<1%. Mean recovery was 100.32%, with no hook effect in CK-MM levels<50 000 ng/ml. Overall, the mean CK-MM concentrations in newborns and DMD patients were (27.05±0.97) and (3 720±300.5) ng/ml, respectively. A significant positive correlation between the dried blood spot detected CK-MM levels and total CK enzyme activity, evaluated in corresponding serum samples from the 75 DMD patients, was observed ( r=0.91, P<0.001), ?which is in good agreement with the clinical. Conclusions:An assay for rapid quantitative determination of CK-MM that meets clinical newborn screening requirements was established. It had a good value for application.