Digital and intelligent technologies serve as the core engine driving the inheritance of the essence and the innovation while upholding the fundamentals of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. Currently， the digital and intelligent transformation of TCM has undergone four developmental stages， exhibiting inherent characteristics such as long-term inevitability， objective standardization， and ecological evolution. By introducing quantitative metrics， digital and intelligent technologies have achieved breakthroughs in TCM knowledge inheritance and innovation， clinical diagnosis and treatment， and herbal medicine supply. The practical applicability of methodological innovations has been empirically validated， though significant disparities exist in technological adaptability and application depth across different fields. Overall， the digital and intelligent transformation of TCM remains in its nascent stage， grappling with multiple structural challenges：weak data foundations， inadequate technological adaptability， incomplete institutional frameworks， shortages of multidisciplinary talent， lagging policies and regulations， and urban-rural digital divide. In order to foster sustainable development and modernization of TCM， this paper establishes a six-dimensional collaborative governance framework of encompassing data， technology， organization， institutions， environment and ethics， which is rooted in data governance and digital governance theories. Future efforts should center on standardization， integration， and ecosystem development to build a data and technology foundation. Focus should be placed on deepening innovation and application of key TCM-specific technologies， while simultaneously strengthening interdisciplinary talent cultivation， improving institutional mechanisms and policy frameworks， and increasing support for rural areas. By adopting a people-centered and technology-empowered approach， we can overcome developmental constraints and unleash the powerful driving force of digital and intelligent technologies for the inheritance of TCM.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data on chronic diarrhea in the Chinese population are lacking, and the association between obesity and chronic diarrhea in East Asian populations remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of chronic diarrhea and its association with obesity in a representative community-dwelling Chinese population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on a multistage, randomized cluster sampling involving 3503 residents aged 20-69 years from representative urban and rural communities in Beijing. Chronic diarrhea was assessed using the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), and obesity was determined based on body mass index (BMI). Logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the relationship between obesity and chronic diarrhea. RESULTS: The standardized prevalence of chronic diarrhea in the study population was 12.88%. The average BMI was 24.67 kg/m 2 . Of all the participants, 35.17% (1232/3503) of participants were classified as overweight and 16.13% (565/3503) as obese. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals with obesity had an increased risk of chronic diarrhea as compared to normal weight individuals (odds ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-2.06). A nonlinear association between BMI and the risk of chronic diarrhea was observed in community residents of males and the overall participant group ( P  = 0.026 and 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study presents initial findings on the prevalence of chronic diarrhea among residents of Chinese communities while offering substantiated evidence regarding the significant association between obesity and chronic diarrhea. These findings offer a novel perspective on gastrointestinal health management.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diarrhea/epidemiology* ; Obesity/complications* ; Prevalence ; East Asian People/statistics & numerical data*

OBJECTIVES: To explore the mechanisms of Qingre Lidan Jiedu Recipe (QLJR) for improving cognitive dysfunction in rats with high copper load. METHODS: Seventy-five male SD rats were randomized into normal control group, model group, QLJR group, penicillamine (PCA) group, and QLJR+ PCA group. Except for those in the control group, all the rats were fed a high-copper diet for 12 weeks. The effects of the treatments on cognitive function of the rats were assessed using the Barnes maze and passive avoidance tests. Hippocampal expressions of NIX, FUNDC1 and LC3 of the rats were detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, and changes in mitochondrial morphology were observed with transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Behavioral tests showed prolonged target hole latency, shortened latency to enter the dark chamber, and increased error counts of the rats in the model group, which were significantly improved in QLJR+PCA group; the error counts were significantly lower in QLJR+PCA group than in either QLJR or PCA group. Among all the groups, the hippocampal expressions of NIX and FUNDC1 were the lowest and LC3 I/II expression the highest in the model group; NIX and FUNDC1 expressions were significantly higher and LC3 I expression was lower in QLJR+PCA group than in QLJR group and PCA group. Immunofluorescence staining revealed weakened NIX and FUNDC1 expressions and enhanced LC3 expression in the hippocampus of the rats in the model group as compared with those in the normal control and QLJR+PCA groups, but their expressions did not differ significantly between QLJR and PCA groups. The rats in the model group showed obvious structural disarray of the mitochondria, which were improved in all the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS QLJR improves cognitive dysfunction in rats with high copper load possibly by regulating mitophagy.
Animals ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Copper/toxicity* ; Mitophagy/drug effects* ; Hippocampus/drug effects* ; Cognition Disorders/drug therapy* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/chemically induced*

Accurate prediction of drug-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is crucial for drug safety evaluation, as it directly impacts public health and safety. While various models have shown promising results in predicting ADRs, their accuracy still needs improvement. Additionally, many existing models often lack interpretability when linking molecular structures to specific ADRs and frequently rely on manually selected molecular fingerprints, which can introduce bias. To address these challenges, we propose ToxBERT, an efficient transformer encoder model that leverages attention and masking mechanisms for simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) representations. Our results demonstrate that ToxBERT achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) scores of 0.839, 0.759, and 0.664 for predicting drug-induced QT prolongation (DIQT), rhabdomyolysis, and liver injury, respectively, outperforming previous studies. Furthermore, ToxBERT can identify drug substructures that are closely associated with specific ADRs. These findings indicate that ToxBERT is not only a valuable tool for understanding the mechanisms underlying specific drug-induced ADRs but also for mitigating potential ADRs in the drug discovery pipeline.

Objective·To investigate the reparative effects of photo-crosslinked gelatin methylacrylated(GelMA)hydrogel scaffolds loaded with tauroursodeoxycholic acid(TUDCA)on cartilage defects in rabbit knee joints.Methods·Photo-crosslinked GelMA hydrogel scaffolds loaded with TUDCA were prepared by the ultraviolet light irradiation method.The physicochemical properties of GelMA hydrogel scaffolds were characterized,and the cumulative release rate of TUDCA was determined.A rabbit knee cartilage defect model was established,and 18 rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups,with six rabbits in each group:the control group(no treatment was applied to the cartilage defect),the GelMA group(the cartilage defect was filled with GelMA hydrogel scaffold),and the GelMA+TUDCA group(the cartilage defect was filled with the GelMA hydrogel scaffold loaded with TUDCA).At 12 weeks postoperatively,the concentrations of two inflammatory factors in synovial fluid,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β),were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).After euthanasia,knee cartilage samples were harvested for gross observation,safranin O-fast green staining,and toluidine blue staining.The repair of the cartilage defects was evaluated according to the International Cartilage Repair Society(ICRS)and Modified O'Driscoll Score(MODS)systems.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect type Ⅱ collagen(COL-Ⅱ)protein in the cartilage tissue,and Western blotting was used to assess the protein levels of aggrecan(ACAN)and COL-Ⅱ.Results·GelMA hydrogel scaffolds exhibited a more compact microstructure after ultraviolet light irradiation,along with an suitable mass swelling ratio and compressive modulus.The TUDCA-loaded photo-crosslinked GelMA hydrogel scaffolds demonstrated effective and sustained TUDCA release,achieving a cumulative release rate of 90.2%±2.5%within 28 d.ELISA results showed that compared to the control and GelMA groups,the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in the synovial fluid of the GelMA+TUDCA group were significantly reduced(P<0.001).In the GelMA+TUDCA group,the cartilage defects were nearly fully repaired,with a smooth surface and good integration with the surrounding tissue.The number of newly formed chondrocytes increased,displaying orderly alignment,and the neocartilage exhibited excellent formation.Both ICRS and MODS scores were significantly higher in the GelMA+TUDCA group than those in the control and GelMA groups(P<0.001).Additionally,the expression levels of ACAN and COL-Ⅱ proteins were significantly elevated in the GelMA+TUDCA group compared to the control and GelMA groups(P<0.001).Conclusion·Photo-crosslinked GelMA hydrogel scaffolds loaded with TUDCA can effectively promote the repair of cartilage defects in rabbit knee joints.

Accurate prediction of drug-induced adverse drug reactions(ADRs)is crucial for drug safety evaluation,as it directly impacts public health and safety.While various models have shown promising results in predicting ADRs,their accuracy still needs improvement.Additionally,many existing models often lack interpretability when linking molecular structures to specific ADRs and frequently rely on manually selected molecular fingerprints,which can introduce bias.To address these challenges,we propose ToxBERT,an efficient transformer encoder model that leverages attention and masking mechanisms for simplified molecular input line entry system(SMILES)representations.Our results demonstrate that ToxBERT achieved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)scores of 0.839,0.759,and 0.664 for predicting drug-induced QT prolongation(DIQT),rhabdomyolysis,and liver injury,respectively,outperforming previous studies.Furthermore,ToxBERT can identify drug substructures that are closely associated with specific ADRs.These findings indicate that ToxBERT is not only a valuable tool for understanding the mechanisms underlying specific drug-induced ADRs but also for mitigating potential ADRs in the drug discovery pipeline.

Objective To explore the mechanisms of Qingre Lidan Jiedu Recipe(QLJR)for improving cognitive dysfunction in rats with high copper load.Methods Seventy-five male SD rats were randomized into normal control group,model group,QLJR group,penicillamine(PCA)group,and QLJR+PCA group.Except for those in the control group,all the rats were fed a high-copper diet for 12 weeks.The effects of the treatments on cognitive function of the rats were assessed using the Barnes maze and passive avoidance tests.Hippocampal expressions of NIX,FUNDC1 and LC3 of the rats were detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining,and changes in mitochondrial morphology were observed with transmission electron microscopy.Results Behavioral tests showed prolonged target hole latency,shortened latency to enter the dark chamber,and increased error counts of the rats in the model group,which were significantly improved in QLJR+PCA group;the error counts were significantly lower in QLJR+PCA group than in either QLJR or PCA group.Among all the groups,the hippocampal expressions of NIX and FUNDC1 were the lowest and LC3 I/II expression the highest in the model group;NIX and FUNDC1 expressions were significantly higher and LC3 I expression was lower in QLJR+PCA group than in QLJR group and PCA group.Immunofluorescence staining revealed weakened NIX and FUNDC1 expressions and enhanced LC3 expression in the hippocampus of the rats in the model group as compared with those in the normal control and QLJR+PCA groups,but their expressions did not differ significantly between QLJR and PCA groups.The rats in the model group showed obvious structural disarray of the mitochondria,which were improved in all the treatment groups.Conclusion QLJR improves cognitive dysfunction in rats with high copper load possibly by regulating mitophagy.

Background::Hepatitis B poses a heavy burden for children in China, however, the national studies on the distributional characteristics and health care costs of children with severe hepatitis B is still lacking. This study aimed to analyze the disease characteristics, health economic effects, and medical cost for children with severe hepatitis B in China.Methods::Based on patient information in the Hospital Quality Monitoring System, cases with severe hepatitis B were divided into four groups according to age, and the etiology and symptoms of each group were quantified. The cost of hospitalization was calculated for cases with different disease processes, and severity of disease. The spatial aggregation of cases and the relationship with health economic factors were analyzed by Moran’s I analysis. Results::The total number of children discharged with hepatitis B from January 2016 to April 2022 was 1603, with an average age of 10.5 years. Liver failure cases accounted for 43.48% (697/1603) of total cases and cirrhosis cases accounted for 11.23% (180/1603). According to the grouping of disease progression, there were 1292 cases without associated complications, and the median hospitalization cost was $818.12. According to the spatial analysis, the aggregation of cases was statistically significant at the prefectural and provincial levels in 2019, 2020, and 2021 (all P <0.05). The number of severe cases was negatively correlated with gross domestic product (Moran’s I <0) and percentage of urban population (Moran’s I <0), and positively correlated with the number of pediatric beds per million population (Moran’s I >0). Conclusion::The number of severe hepatitis B cases is low in areas with high gross domestic product levels and high urban population ratios, and health care costs have been declining over the years.

Objective To explore the mechanism of malt alcohol extract improving depression-like behavior induced by CUMS in rats by regulating gut microbiota.Methods The depression model of rats was established using an 8-weeks CUMS procedure,and the administration group was given low(59.6 mg·kg-1)and high(178.8 mg·kg-1)doses of malt alcohol extract,respectively.The depression-like behavior of rats was evaluated by classic behavioral test.The composition of intestinal microbiota of rats was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing.The morphological changes of colon were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE),the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin in colon was detected by immunofluorescence(IF),and the expression of IL-10,IL-1βand 5-HT were detected by ELISA.Results The low dose of malt alcohol extract attenuated the depressive behavior and restored the expression of 5-HT in the brain of CUMS rats.16S rRNA sequencing results showed that the diversity and relative abundance of gut microbiota changed after treatment with the low dose of malt alcohol extract.ELISA results showed that the low dose of malt alcohol extract significantly reversed the CUMS-induced reduction of IL-10 and elevation of IL-1 β.HE results showed that the low dose of malt alcohol extract significantly ameliorated CUMS-induced structural damage in colon.IF results showed increased protain expression of intestinal epithelial barrier tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin by the low dose of malt alcohol extract.Conclusion The low dose of malt alcohol extract can ameliorate CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior in rats by modulating intestinal flora,restoring 5-HT expression in the brain,inhibiting inflammation,and repairing the intestinal barrier.

Objective·To investigate the reparative effects of photo-crosslinked gelatin methylacrylated(GelMA)hydrogel scaffolds loaded with tauroursodeoxycholic acid(TUDCA)on cartilage defects in rabbit knee joints.Methods·Photo-crosslinked GelMA hydrogel scaffolds loaded with TUDCA were prepared by the ultraviolet light irradiation method.The physicochemical properties of GelMA hydrogel scaffolds were characterized,and the cumulative release rate of TUDCA was determined.A rabbit knee cartilage defect model was established,and 18 rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups,with six rabbits in each group:the control group(no treatment was applied to the cartilage defect),the GelMA group(the cartilage defect was filled with GelMA hydrogel scaffold),and the GelMA+TUDCA group(the cartilage defect was filled with the GelMA hydrogel scaffold loaded with TUDCA).At 12 weeks postoperatively,the concentrations of two inflammatory factors in synovial fluid,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β),were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).After euthanasia,knee cartilage samples were harvested for gross observation,safranin O-fast green staining,and toluidine blue staining.The repair of the cartilage defects was evaluated according to the International Cartilage Repair Society(ICRS)and Modified O'Driscoll Score(MODS)systems.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect type Ⅱ collagen(COL-Ⅱ)protein in the cartilage tissue,and Western blotting was used to assess the protein levels of aggrecan(ACAN)and COL-Ⅱ.Results·GelMA hydrogel scaffolds exhibited a more compact microstructure after ultraviolet light irradiation,along with an suitable mass swelling ratio and compressive modulus.The TUDCA-loaded photo-crosslinked GelMA hydrogel scaffolds demonstrated effective and sustained TUDCA release,achieving a cumulative release rate of 90.2%±2.5%within 28 d.ELISA results showed that compared to the control and GelMA groups,the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in the synovial fluid of the GelMA+TUDCA group were significantly reduced(P<0.001).In the GelMA+TUDCA group,the cartilage defects were nearly fully repaired,with a smooth surface and good integration with the surrounding tissue.The number of newly formed chondrocytes increased,displaying orderly alignment,and the neocartilage exhibited excellent formation.Both ICRS and MODS scores were significantly higher in the GelMA+TUDCA group than those in the control and GelMA groups(P<0.001).Additionally,the expression levels of ACAN and COL-Ⅱ proteins were significantly elevated in the GelMA+TUDCA group compared to the control and GelMA groups(P<0.001).Conclusion·Photo-crosslinked GelMA hydrogel scaffolds loaded with TUDCA can effectively promote the repair of cartilage defects in rabbit knee joints.