Sangjuyin， as a pungent and cooling agent with precise therapeutic effect， is a classic pungent formula for cooling relief of the epidermis， which is highly respected by medical practitioners. This formula is from the Wenbing Tiaobian written by WU Jutong in the Qing dynasty， on the basis of which subsequent medical practitioners have made additions and subtractions to apply it. The authors used the bibliometric method to systematically organize the medical books from the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China and modern literature to analyze the composition， concoction， decoction， efficacy， and previous and modern application of Sangjuyin. After examination， the drug base of this formula is basically clear. Armeniacae Semen Amarum is the dried mature seeds of Armeniaca vulgaris， family Rosaceae. Forsythiae Fructus is the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa， family Mulleinaceae. Menthae Haplocalycis Herba is the dried above-ground part of Mentha haplocalyx， family Labiatae. Mori Folium is the dried leaves of Morus alba， family Moraceae. Chrysanthemi Flos is the dried head of Chrysanthemum morifolium， family Asteraceae. Platycodonis Radix is the dried root of Eryngium grandiflorum， family Eryngium. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis of the Leguminosae family， and Phragmitis Rhizoma is the fresh or dried rhizome of Phragmites communis of the Gramineae family. It is recommended that the eight drugs be used in raw form as medicine. The dosage and method of decoction were converted into a modern single dosage of 7.46 g Armeniacae Semen Amarum， 5.60 g Forsythiae Fructus， 2.98 g Menthae Haplocalycis Herba， 9.33 g Mori Folium， 3.73 g Chrysanthemi Flos， 7.46 g Platycodonis Radix， 2.98 g Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and 11.19 g Phragmitis Rhizoma， with 400 mL water added， and the solution was boiled to obtain 200 mL， taken twice a day. Sangjuyin has the efficacy of dispersing wind and clearing heat， promoting lung and relieving cough， and it is used for treating the initial onset of wind-warmth and the evidence of evil spirits in the lungs and collaterals. Modern research has shown that Sangjuyin is often used in the treatment of cough， pneumonia， rhinitis， and other respiratory diseases， and the results of this study provide a reference for the later development of Sangjuyin.

Hepatic fibrosis refers to excessive accumulation and abnormal proliferation of fibrous connective tissue in the liver triggered by multiple pathogenic factors， and it may progress to liver cirrhosis， portal hypertension， and liver cancer. The pathological mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis involve hepatocyte injury， inflammatory cell infiltration with the release of inflammatory mediators， hepatic stellate cell activation， and extracellular matrix deposition. Recent studies have focused on mitochondrial dysfunction in disease progression， including the molecular pathways for hepatic fibrosis driven by metabolic disorders， energy deficiency， oxidative stress， mitochondrial dynamic imbalance， and autophagic dysfunction， all of which can induce liver injury. This article reviews the latest advances in hepatic fibrosis， in order to provide new therapeutic strategies for clinical management.

Background Bufei Huoxue Capsule (BHC) has gradually been used in clinical practice to treat patients with pneumoconiosis in recent years. However, the comprehensive evaluation of its efficacy and safety is lacking. Objective To systematically assess the therapeutic potential of BHC for pneumoconiosis. Methods By searching 9 databases, e.g. China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journals Database, SinoMed, Yiigle, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to the use of BHC for the treatment of pneumoconiosis were identified. The search covered the period from the inception of these databases to August 31, 2025. This systematic review conformed to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. The included studies underwent quality appraisal by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were applied to assess the robustness of results and explore the potential heterogeneity among the studies. Results A total of 19 RCTs were included and all were reported in Chinese. The therapy containing BHC showed a superior impact on forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) (95%CI: 0.38, 0.66; I²=69%, P<0.05), FEV₁% (95%CI: 3.37, 5.72; I²=12%, P<0.05), forced vital capacity (FVC) (95%CI: 0.34, 0.45; I²=0%, P<0.05), FEV₁/FVC% (95%CI: 6.29, 10.35; I²=21%, P<0.05), 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) score (95%CI: 16.32, 27.64; I²=22%, P<0.05), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score (95%CI: −1.47, −1.05; I²=13%, P<0.05), and total effective rate (95%CI: 2.71, 6.78; I²=0%, P<0.05) in patients with pneumoconiosis. In addition, BHC had less adverse reactions reported (95%CI: 0.69, 1.74; I²=0%, P=0.70). Conclusions Combined BHC therapy can significantly improve the lung function and the quality of life in patients with pneumoconiosis, with a good safety profile. However, high-quality RCTs with multicenter, large-sample, double-blind, and standardized protocols still need to be conducted in the future to provide more reliable evidence.

AIM: To assess the stability of the tear film and the characteristics of corneal nerves in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD).METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study included 72 PD patients and 50 healthy controls. Disease severity was determined using the Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)scale, dividing patients into mild and moderate PD groups. Dry eye symptoms were evaluated via the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire, while tear secretion was quantified using the Schirmer I test. Ocular surface damage was assessed through staining scores, and comprehensive ocular examinations were performed utilizing the LipiView ocular surface interferometer and an ocular surface analyzer. Corneal nerve parameters were examined using corneal confocal microscopy in conjunction with automated analysis software ACCMetrics, with correlations drawn between these parameters, PD course, and severity.RESULTS: PD patients exhibited significantly elevated OSDI scores, indicative of more pronounced dry eye symptoms compared to the control group(F=70.290, P<0.01). Tear film stability was markedly compromised, with significantly shorter tear film breakup time and increased corneal fluorescein staining, both showing statistically significant differences relative to controls(all P<0.01). Tear secretion indices, including Schirmer I test results and tear meniscus height, were significantly reduced in PD patients(all P<0.01), whereas lipid secretion indices, such as lipid layer thickness and meibomian gland dropout score, did not show significant variation. Corneal nerve analysis revealed significant reductions in corneal nerve fiber density, nerve branch density, fiber length, and total branch density in PD patients compared to controls(all P<0.01). Furthermore, blink frequency was markedly prolonged(F=62.353, P<0.01). Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between alterations in tear film stability and both disease duration and H-Y scores.CONCLUSION: PD patients have obvious dry eye manifestations in the early stage of the disease, including the reduction of tear film stability and corneal nerve fiber density, and gradually aggravate with the progress of the disease. Neurodegenerative disease-related dry eye needs to be diagnosed early and actively treated.

Objectives:To explore the predictive value of residual Murray's law-based quantitative flow ratio(μQFR)on long-term vessel-oriented composite endpoints(VoCE).Methods:This retrospective study included 3 510 patients from the FAVOR Ⅲ China trial.Offline residual μQFR analysis was performed on all vessels(diameter≥2.5 mm)with 50%-90%stenotic lesions.Patients were stratified into high-,intermediate-,and low-risk groups based on residual μQFR tertiles.The primary endpoint was 3-year VoCE,defined as a composite of cardiac death related to the target vessel,target vessel-related spontaneous myocardial infarction,and ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization.Results:Offline analysis was performed on 5 256 vessels from 3 510 patients.The mean residual μQFR was 0.92±0.75.The high-risk group(residual μQFR≤0.91)with 1 554 patients(1 958 vessels);the intermediate-risk group(residual μQFR 0.92-0.96)with 1 211 patients(1 906 vessels);and the low-risk group(residual μQFR>0.96)with 745 patients(1 392 vessels).Over 3-year follow-up,VoCE occurred in 227 vessels(4.3%).The 3-year VoCE incidence was significantly higher in the high-risk group compared to the intermediate-and low-risk groups(6.2%vs.4.1%vs.2.5%,log-rank P<0.001),primarily driven by ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization(5.0%vs.3.0%vs.1.6%,log-rank P<0.001).Hypertension(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.72-0.96),hypercholesterolemia(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.73-0.97),bifurcation lesions(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.63-0.83),moderate/severe calcification(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.57-0.84),and tandem lesions(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.47-0.75)were independent predictors of lower residual μQFR values.Conclusions:Lower residual μQFR is significantly associated with increased VoCE risk during the 3-year follow up period.

BACKGROUND:The cervical facet joint,as an important anatomical structure of the posterior column of the cervical spine,plays an important role in neck activity,stress transmission,and maintaining cervical stability. In recent years,anatomical and biomechanical studies have shown that asymmetry of cervical facet joints can cause degeneration of facet joints,which may be the main cause of cervical spine degeneration in young people. Existing research is mostly focused on adults,and there are also reports on preschool and school-age children in China,while there are few reports on the morphological parameters of cervical facet joints in adolescents.OBJECTIVE:Through three-dimensional reconstruction of the cervical facet joints in adolescents,measuring their relevant morphological parameters,and comparing them with those in children and adults,we explored the age-related changes in the morphological development of cervical facet joints,providing a theoretical basis for the diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of cervical spondylosis arising from cervical facet joints.METHODS:A total of 62 adolescents aged 13-18 years were selected to undergo spiral CT scan of cervical vertebrae and 3D reconstruction,requiring no bone destruction,tumor,deformity,or fracture,no changes in vertebrae morphology and structure,no previous spinal operations. The guardian's informed consent to the experimental protocol was obtained. By age group,group A was 13-14 years old;group B was 15-16 years old;group C was 17-18 years old. Thecorrelation morphometry and statistical analysis of C2-C7 facet joints were performed in adolescents of each group.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) In three groups of subjects,the facet joint surface heights and widths displayed decreasing and increasing trends in relation to the change of vertebra order. The facet joint surfaces on the inferior surface showed larger height and width compared to the corresponding indicators on the superior surface. (2) The intra-articular height of the articular process was lowest in C5 among the three groups of ages,and it showed a positive correlation with age. (3) Among the three groups,the gaps between the articular surfaces of the joints in C4-5 of group A,C3-4 of group B,and C4-5 of group C weresignificantly larger than the rest of the gaps in each group. Except for C4-5,there were no significant differences between the two groups. Except for C2-3,the remaining gaps between the vertebrae in group C were significantly larger than those in the two groups. (4) It is indicated that the morphology of the cervical facet joint surface gradually transitions from circular to elliptical as the vertebral order increases. In inter-group comparison,facet joint surface height is significantly affected by age compared to facet joint surface width. The area of the lower facet joint surface of each segment is greater than that of the upper facet joint surface,with only significant differences in the shape and area of C4-5 and C5-6. In addition,the minimum height of the facet joint is located at C5,and the significantly widened gap between the facet joint surfaces is mainly located at C3-4 and C4-5. Therefore,cervical instability often occurs at the mid-level.

Objective:To investigate the dose characteristics of the Zeiss INTRABEAM system in air and water, providing dose reference for electronic brachytherapy.Methods:A Monte Carlo program was used to establish a three-dimensional model of a miniature X-ray source vacuum drift tube and a 4 cm spherical applicator. The process of electron beam bombardment on a gold target to generate X-rays was simulated, and parameters such as photon fluence spectrum, percentage depth dose, and half-value layer were calculated. Additionally, the radial dose uniformity in water was measured.Results:The average energy of X-rays at 3 cm in air was 20.8 keV, with a half-value layer of 0.08 mm Al. Under the influence of the applicator, the spectrum becomes hardened, with axial and radial average energies of 28.7 and 29.0 keV, respectively. In water, the percentage depth dose (PDD) curve follows an inverse cubic decay with depth, indicating strong dose concentration and rapid fall-off in near-field irradiation. The radial dose uniformity in water exceeded 99.5%.Conclusions:The INTRABEAM device emits low-energy X-rays characterized by shallow penetration depth, and concentrated dose delivery. Its highly uniform dose distribution ensures comprehensive coverage of the target area, making it particularly suitable for treating superficial tumors and for intraoperative radiotherapy at close range.

Objective:To explore the guiding significance of Expanded Carrier Screening (ECS) for the fertility process of individuals undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in Dalian.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the ECS results of patients who visited the Dalian Maternal and Child Health Care Center (Group) from January 2023 to June 2024. The study included the screening of 155 monogenic diseases and the ART status of carrier couples.Results:Among the 1 384 patient samples, 490 carriers were identified, yielding a detection rate of 35.41% (490/1 384). A total of 100 diseases and 91 pathogenic genes were detected. The most frequently identified disease was autosomal recessive hearing loss type 4 (SLC26A4), with a carrier rate of 3.54% (49/1384). For the 490 carriers, their partners were recalled for testing and, 322 partners participated. Eight high-risk couples were identified, accounting for 2.48% (8/322). Among the 322 couples, 4 used artificial insemination by husband (AIH, 1.24%, 4/322), 166 used in vitro fertilization (IVF, 51.55%, 166/322), 139 used intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI, 43.17%, 139/322), and 1 underwent preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic diseases (PGT-M, 0.31%, 1/322). Twelve couples (3.73%, 12/322) did not undergo ART, were not pregnant, or chose gamete donation. Among the eight high-risk couples, three underwent IVF, four underwent ICSI, and one underwent PGT-M. One couple conceived through ICSI, and the fetus was followed up. Amniotic fluid Sanger sequencing revealed that the fetus had compound heterozygous mutations in the PAH gene, with two suspected pathogenic variants at c.532G>A and c.1174T>A. One couple undergoing PGT-M currently has one retrieved oocyte and zero usable blastocysts. The embryo carries a paternal mutation and is aneuploid.Conclusions:This study not only identified the common pathogenic diseases in Dalian, providing a reference for clinical treatment, but also validated the critical significance of ECS for individuals undergoing ART.

BACKGROUND:Microplastics are a common environmental pollutant that can cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract,liver and kidney,and reproductive system.However,little is known about the effects of microplastics on the prostate.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different charge-modified polystyrene microplastics on prostate tissues of male mice and its mechanism.METHODS:A total of 48 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a control group,an unmodified microplastic group,a negatively charged microplastic group,and a positively charged microplastic group using a random number table,with 12 mice in each group.The mice in the control group were given ddH2O by gavage;the mice in the unmodified microplastic group were given unmodified polystyrene microplastics by gavage,and the mice in the negatively charged microplastic group and the positively charged microplastic group were given negatively charged polystyrene microplastics and positively charged polystyrene microplastics by gavage,respectively,once a day for 4 consecutive weeks.The body weight,drinking water,and food intake of the mice were detected every week.After gavage,the prostate mass,prostate coefficient,prostate histopathological morphology,inflammatory factor expression,microplastic accumulation in the prostate tissue of the mice,and the mRNA and protein expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor were compared among the groups of mice.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With the prolongation of microplastic exposure time,the body weight of mice in the unmodified microplastics group and the positively charged microplastics exposure group was significantly suppressed.(2)After exposure to microplastics,they could enter the urinary system of mice,including prostate and bladder tissue.Among the mice in the positively charged microplastic group,the prostate mass and prostate coefficient increased most significantly.(3)Compared with the control group,the mass concentration and mRNA expression of interleukin 6,interleukin 1β,and tumor necrosis factorα were increased in the prostate tissue of the other three groups of mice(P＜0.05).Among them,the positively charged microplastic group exhibited most obvious increase.(4)Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the prostate tissue of mice in the unmodified microplastic group,negatively charged microplastic group,and positively charged microplastic group showed obvious proliferation of prostate epithelial cells and matrix,a significant increase in acini,and infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells.Masson and Sirius red staining showed that compared with the control group,the prostate tissue of mice in the other three groups had obvious fibrosis.Immunohistochemical staining showed that compared with the control group,angiogenesis in the prostate tissue of mice increased in the other three groups(P＜0.05).(5)Compared with the control group,the mRNA and protein expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1αand vascular endothelial growth factor were increased in the prostate tissue of the other three groups of mice(P＜0.05),among which the negatively charged microplastic group and the positively charged microplastic group exhibited more significant increase.(6)The results show that polystyrene microplastics can enhance the release of inflammatory factors in mouse prostate tissue,promote angiogenesis in prostate tissue by activating the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α/vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway,and provide nutrition support for prostate hyperplasia and fibrosis.

Objective To compare the adverse reactions to pegasparaginase(PEG-ASP)and Erwiniaasparaginase(ASP)in the treat-ment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL)and to provide clinical guidance for treatment.Methods A total of 13 patients who were switched from PEG-ASP to Erwinia ASP due to allergic reactions during the induction phase of ALL treatment at the Depart-ment of Hematology and Oncology,Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University between February 2022 and February 2023 were selected as the case group.A control group of 26 patients treated with PEG-ASP and matched for sex at a ratio of 1∶2 was also selected.Pre-and post-treatment coagulation function,blood biochemistry,blood ammonia level,and gastrointestinal reactions were compared between the groups.Results There were no significant differences in AST,TB,UB,TC,TG,AMY,UN,Cr,APTT,and Fbg levels between the two groups,pre-and post-treatment.However,ALT,GGT,BB,and Glu levels were higher in the control group,whereas albumin was lower than in the case group(P<0.05).Both groups had an increased post-treatment blood ammonia level(P<0.05),with significantly a higher level observed in the case group than in the control group(P<0.001).No significant differences in adverse gastro-intestinal reactions were observed between the two groups.Conclusion Erwinia ASP and PEG-ASP affected liver function in pediatric ALL re-induction therapy with minimal effects on coagulation and weaker gastrointestinal reaction.Erwinia ASP significantly affected the blood ammonia level,and both treatments caused mild gastrointestinal reactions.Regular blood ammonia monitoring,post Erwinia ASP treatment,is recommended.