Sangjuyin， as a pungent and cooling agent with precise therapeutic effect， is a classic pungent formula for cooling relief of the epidermis， which is highly respected by medical practitioners. This formula is from the Wenbing Tiaobian written by WU Jutong in the Qing dynasty， on the basis of which subsequent medical practitioners have made additions and subtractions to apply it. The authors used the bibliometric method to systematically organize the medical books from the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China and modern literature to analyze the composition， concoction， decoction， efficacy， and previous and modern application of Sangjuyin. After examination， the drug base of this formula is basically clear. Armeniacae Semen Amarum is the dried mature seeds of Armeniaca vulgaris， family Rosaceae. Forsythiae Fructus is the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa， family Mulleinaceae. Menthae Haplocalycis Herba is the dried above-ground part of Mentha haplocalyx， family Labiatae. Mori Folium is the dried leaves of Morus alba， family Moraceae. Chrysanthemi Flos is the dried head of Chrysanthemum morifolium， family Asteraceae. Platycodonis Radix is the dried root of Eryngium grandiflorum， family Eryngium. Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis of the Leguminosae family， and Phragmitis Rhizoma is the fresh or dried rhizome of Phragmites communis of the Gramineae family. It is recommended that the eight drugs be used in raw form as medicine. The dosage and method of decoction were converted into a modern single dosage of 7.46 g Armeniacae Semen Amarum， 5.60 g Forsythiae Fructus， 2.98 g Menthae Haplocalycis Herba， 9.33 g Mori Folium， 3.73 g Chrysanthemi Flos， 7.46 g Platycodonis Radix， 2.98 g Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and 11.19 g Phragmitis Rhizoma， with 400 mL water added， and the solution was boiled to obtain 200 mL， taken twice a day. Sangjuyin has the efficacy of dispersing wind and clearing heat， promoting lung and relieving cough， and it is used for treating the initial onset of wind-warmth and the evidence of evil spirits in the lungs and collaterals. Modern research has shown that Sangjuyin is often used in the treatment of cough， pneumonia， rhinitis， and other respiratory diseases， and the results of this study provide a reference for the later development of Sangjuyin.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy， safety， and cost-effectiveness of posaconazole for the prevention of invasive fungal infections （IFIs）. METHODS PubMed， Embase， CNKI， Wanfang data and other Chinese and English databases were searched， as well as the official websites of related health technology assessment （HTA）. Systematic review （SR）/meta-analysis， pharmacoeconomic studies， and HTA reports of posaconazole for the prevention of IFIs were collected. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to November 1， 2025. After screening the literature， extracting the data， and evaluating the quality of the literature， the results of the included studies were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS A total of 45 studies were included， involving 17 SR/meta-analyses， 26 pharmacoeconomic studies， 1 SR/meta-analysis combined with a pharmacoeconomic study， and 1 HTA report. In terms of effectiveness， posaconazole was significantly superior to other antifungal drugs （eg.， fluconazole， itraconazole） in reducing the incidence of IFIs， the incidence of invasive aspergillosis， all-cause mortality， and IFI-related mortality （ P ＜0.05）. In terms of safety， posaconazole was significantly superior to other antifungal drugs in the incidence of total adverse reactions （ P ＜0.05）， but there was no significant difference in the incidence of serious adverse reactions， the incidence of gastrointestinal advers e reactions， drug-induced liver injury， and the withdrawal rate due to adverse drug reactions （ P ＞0.05）. In terms of cost-effectiveness， most studies have shown that posaconazole possesses more cost-effectiveness advantages. CONCLUSIONS Posaconazole demonstrates favorable efficacy， safety， and cost-effectiveness in preventing IFIs.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to systematically collect and organize ancient and modern clauses and studies containing Xieqingwan， excavate and analyze the key information of Xieqingwan， and provide a reference for facilitating the development of the classic formula Xieqingwan. MethodsThe composition， dosage， decocting methods， usage， and other key information of Xieqingwan in ancient traditional Chinese medicine books were collected and analyzed by means of literature research and metrological methods. The modern clinical application of Xieqingwan was summarized. ResultsA total of 42 pieces of effective data involving 32 ancient traditional Chinese medicine books were collected. Xieqingwan was first recorded in Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue. The drug origin of this formula is basically clear in the ancient traditional Chinese medicine books. The modern drug usage and decocting method were as follows： Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma， Chuanxiong Rhizoma， Gardenia seeds， Radix et Rhizoma Rhei， Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， and Saposhnikoviae Radix were grounded to fine powder， decocted with honey， and finally formed into pills with the size of a chicken head （1.5 g）. It was suggested that half a pill or one pill were taken for one dose with warm Lophatheri decoction and sugar. The indications and clinical application had developed from the recordings in Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue and evolved from pediatrics to ophthalmic otolaryngology， neurology， dermatology， digestion， and respiratory diseases. The main pathogenesis of these diseases is heat in the liver meridian and is treated. The effect of Xieqingwan is "clearing away heat and toxicity， removing fire and relaxing the bowels， and dispersing swelling and relieving pain". It is recommended to use the corresponding preparation methods in the 2020 Edition of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Modern clinical studies are centered around the clinical application of Xieqingwan， which is often modified and used in treating Tourette syndrome， herpes， febrile convulsion， sleepwalking， and insomnia. ConclusionThis paper conducts a thorough textual research of the key information of Xieqingwan， induces its historic evolution， and confirms its key information， so as to provide a reference for the future development of Xieqingwan.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Yifei Jianpi prescription on the of signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 1 （STAT1）/interferon regulatory factor 3 （IRF3） signaling pathway in a pneumonia model induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and to explore the mechanism of Yifei Jianpi prescription in improving lung immune and inflammatory responses. MethodsSixty male SPF SD rats were used in this study. Ten rats were randomly assigned to the normal control group， and the remaining 50 were instilled with LPS in the trachea to establish a pneumonia model. After successful modeling， the rats were randomly divided into the model group， dexamethasone group （0.5 mg·kg^-1）， and Yifei Jianpi prescription high-dose （12 mg·kg^-1）， medium-dose （6 mg·kg^-1）， and low-dose （3 mg·kg^-1） groups， with 10 rats in each group. Treatment was administered once daily， and the normal control and model groups received the same volume of normal saline. After 14 days， flow cytometry was used to detect the classification of whole blood lymphocytes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure serum levels of immunoglobulin G （IgG）， immunoglobulin A （IgA）， immunoglobulin M （IgM）， and the content of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-8 （IL-8）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-10 （IL-10） in alveolar lavage fluid （BALF）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe lung tissue pathology and score the damage. Thymus weight， spleen weight， and wet-to-dry weight ratio （W/D） were recorded. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of STAT1， IRF3， IL-6， and interferon-alpha （IFN-α） in lung tissues， while Western blot was performed to assess the protein expression of STAT1， IRF3， IL-6， and IFN-α. ResultsCompared with the normal control group， the model group showed significantly increased proportion of B lymphocytes in peripheral blood， decreased proportions of NK cells and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ （P<0.05， P<0.01）， decreased serum levels of IgG and IgA， significantly increased IgM levels （P<0.01）， significantly elevated content of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-8 in BALF， and significantly decreased IL-10 levels （P<0.01）. Lung tissue damage was evident， with significant increases in thymus and spleen weights and a higher W/D ratio （P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expression of STAT1， IRF3， IFN-α， and IL-6 in lung tissues was significantly upregulated （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Yifei Jianpi prescription groups showed significantly reduced proportions of B lymphocytes in peripheral blood， increased proportions of NK cells and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratios （P<0.05， P<0.01）， significantly increased serum levels of IgG and IgA， significantly decreased IgM levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）， significantly reduced levels of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-8 in BALF， and significantly increased IL-10 levels （P<0.01）. Lung tissue damage was alleviated， thymus and spleen weights were significantly reduced， and the W/D ratio was markedly decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expression of STAT1， IRF3， IFN-α， and IL-6 in lung tissues was significantly downregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionYifei Jianpi prescription can alleviate lung tissue damage and improve immune and inflammatory responses in LPS-induced pneumonia rats. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of STAT1/IRF3 signaling pathway activation.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of real-world bulleyaconitine A tablets combined with salt and pepper seven-seed hot package in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods 110 outpatient patients from the Department of Orthopedics,Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from December 2023 to August 2024 were selected,they were randomly divided into control group of 53 cases and treatment group of 57 cases.The patients in control group were treated with flurbiprofen gel paste,the patients in treatment group received oral administration of bulleyaconitine A tablets and external application of Jiaoyan Qizi hot package,the treatment course were all 4 weeks.All patients were followed up for 2 weeks after the end of treatment.Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index(WOMAC)score,Lequesne score,12-item short form health survey(SF-12)score and clinical efficacy were compared between two groups,and adverse events were recorded.Results The total effective rate of treatment group was 87.7％,which was significantly higher than 71.7％of control group(P＜0.05);After treatment,WOMAC score,Lequesne score and SF-12 score in two groups were better than before treatment(P＜0.05).The improvement of WOMAC score,Lequesne score and SF-12 score in treatment group were more obvious(P＜0.05).Conclusion For KOA patients with cold and damp obstruction syndrome,the use of bulleyaconitine A tablets combined with Jiaoyan Qizi hot package can alleviate knee joint pain,improve knee joint mobility,and enhance patients'quality of life.

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of real-world bulleyaconitine A tablets combined with salt and pepper seven-seed hot package in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods 110 outpatient patients from the Department of Orthopedics,Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from December 2023 to August 2024 were selected,they were randomly divided into control group of 53 cases and treatment group of 57 cases.The patients in control group were treated with flurbiprofen gel paste,the patients in treatment group received oral administration of bulleyaconitine A tablets and external application of Jiaoyan Qizi hot package,the treatment course were all 4 weeks.All patients were followed up for 2 weeks after the end of treatment.Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index(WOMAC)score,Lequesne score,12-item short form health survey(SF-12)score and clinical efficacy were compared between two groups,and adverse events were recorded.Results The total effective rate of treatment group was 87.7％,which was significantly higher than 71.7％of control group(P＜0.05);After treatment,WOMAC score,Lequesne score and SF-12 score in two groups were better than before treatment(P＜0.05).The improvement of WOMAC score,Lequesne score and SF-12 score in treatment group were more obvious(P＜0.05).Conclusion For KOA patients with cold and damp obstruction syndrome,the use of bulleyaconitine A tablets combined with Jiaoyan Qizi hot package can alleviate knee joint pain,improve knee joint mobility,and enhance patients'quality of life.

Objective Through visual analysis of literatures related to the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN),the research hotspots and trends in this field were discussed.Methods Relevant literatures from CNKI,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed from 2010 to 2024 were retrieved,and analyzed using CiteSpace 6.2.R4 software.Results A total of 8887 articles in Chinese and 117 articles in English were included.The countries,institutions and authors who published most were China,the Affiliated Hospital for Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Wang Yiping.The research hotspots mainly focued on therapeutic drugs and clinical efficacy,and the research trend tended to be the treatment mechanism.Conclusion To further strengthen collaboration among different countries,institutions and authors,and to delve deeper into the mechanistic studies of CGN,will effectively promote the research progress in this field.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction(HQGZWWD)regulates nerve injury(NI)through vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)pathway based on a combination of network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques.Methods Active ingredients and targets of HQGZWWD were identified through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform.A drug-ingredient-target network was constructed by integrated with data from OMIM,GeneCards,and CTD databases to identify VEGF/NI-related targets.Protein-protein interaction analyses were conducted by using STRING network platform,which were further analyzed by using the DAVID database for Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment.A"compound-target-pathway"network was constructed by using Cytoscape.Molecular docking was performed to validate the binding ability of core components with the targets.Results The primary constituents(quercetin,kaempferol)and principal targets[signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3),caspase 3,epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR),etc.]of HQGZWWD were identified.KEGG analysis revealed that the targets were enriched cancer,EGFR inhibitor resistance,and advanced glycation end-products-receptor for advanced glycation end-products etc.signaling pathways.Molecular docking demonstrated binding energy between core components and STAT3,caspace 3,EGFR,etc.,specifically,the core components exhibited strong binding energy such as STAT3(≤-7.37kcal/mol).Conclusion HQGZWWD shows potency in suppressing inflammation,oxidative stress,and apoptosis,while promoting neural repair through VEGF regulation.The integration of network pharmacology and molecular docking offers a foundational framework for mechanistic investigations.

Objective To explore the correlation between changes in gut microbiota and the occurrence of chronic renal failure(CRF)in elderly patients,providing theoretical evidence for the prevention and treatment of CRF in the elderly.Methods A total of 57 elderly patients with CRF admitted to Department of Nephrology,Jilin People's Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected as observation group,while 65 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations at the same hospital during the same period were chosen as control group.Baseline data,gut microbiota composition,and biochemical indicators were compared between two groups.Results The levels of γ-glutamyl transferase,creatinine,urea,uric acid,N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,parathyroid hormone,hypersensitive C-reactive protein,and serum phosphorus were higher in observation group than those in control group,whereas serum calcium was lower;all differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were dominant in two groups,accounting for 49.22％and 43.12％in observation group and 49.47％and 42.01％in control group,respectively.At the genus level,Bacteroides predominated,comprising 8.69％and 9.68％of the total,respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that Actinobacteria(95％CI:0.015-0.391,P=0.002),Lactobacillus(95％CI:0.224-0.577,P＜0.001),Bifidobacterium(95％CI:0.150-0.933,P=0.035),and Streptococcus(95％CI:0.256-0.687,P-0.001)were negatively associated with the occurrence of CRF in the elderly,whereas Clostridium(95％CI:2.176-15.047,P＜0.001)and Enterococcus(95％CI:1.579-7.224,P=0.002)were positively associated.Conclusion Changes in gut microbiota are closely related to the development of CRF in the elderly.Clinically,attention should be paid to the cultivation and identification of gut microbiota in this population,in order to provide guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal flora disorders in patients with CRF,guide probiotic application,and formulate microecological regulation programs.

Objective To observe the functional connectivity and glucose metabolism of insular subregions in behavior variant of frontotemporal dementia(bvFTD)patients,also their correlations with cognitive function.Methods Thirty-eight bvFTD patients(bvFTD group)and 44 healthy individuals(control group)were retrospectively enrolled.The average time series signals of insular subregions were extracted as seed points based on functional MRI(fMRI)and 18F-FDG PET,then whole brain functional connectivity map was obtained.Meanwhile,the pons was selected as the reference brain region,and the standard uptake value ratio(SUVR)of insular subregions were calculated.The above parameters were compared between groups,and the correlations of SUVR of insular subregions with clinical cognitive function scale scores in bvFTD group were analyzed.Results Compared with control group,the functional connections between all insular subregions and bilateral frontal lobe,temporal lobe,anterior cingulate gyrus,anterior cingulate gyrus and middle cingulate gyrus,as well as between some subregions and bilateral parietal and occipital lobes were weakened in bvFTD group(GRF correction,voxel level all P＜0.001,cluster level all P＜0.05).SUVR of all insular subregions significantly decreased(GRF correction,voxel level all P＜0.001,cluster level all P＜0.05),which in right ventral agranular insula(vIa),dorsal agranular insula(dIa),dorsal dysgranular insula(dId)and left dorsal agranular insula(dIa)were negatively correlated with frontal behavioral inventory(FBI)score in bvFTD group(r=-0.452--0.330,all P＜0.05).Conclusion In bvFTD patients,the functional connectivity and glucose metabolism of insular subregions changed,and SUVR of right vIa,dIa,dId and left dIa were negatively correlated with FBI score.