Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of acute leukemia complicated with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in children, and to provide a reference for its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.Methods:Case summary.This report presents three children with acute leukemia complicated with AIS admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2015 to August 2024, and reviews the relevant literature at home and abroad to analyze the clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, and treatment of the disease.Results:All three cases were female, aged 4-14 years; two had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and one had acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Hemiparesis was the main presenting symptom in all cases, occurring during induction therapy.Symptoms resolved completely after anticoagulant and symptomatic treatment, with no sequelae and good prognoses.A literature search identified 8 reported cases of pediatric acute leukemia complicated with AIS.Combining these with our 3 cases yielded a total of 11 cases: 5 males and 6 females; median age 7 years (range 2-15 years); 8 with ALL and 3 with AML.Clinically, all presented with hemiparesis.Vascular imaging in 6 patients showed involvement of the middle cerebral artery.In 8 cases of ALL complicated with AIS, the event occurred during induction therapy, which was considered associated with the use of Asparaginase and intrathecal Cytarabine.Anticoagulation was the main treatment.Symptoms resolved in 10 cases, 3 had neurologic sequelae, and 1 died.Conclusions:AIS complicating acute leukemia in children is often the first clinical manifestation of hemiparesis, which mainly occurs in the process of induction therapy, and may be related to the adverse reactions of chemotherapy drugs such as hypercoagulable state of the blood caused by mendonuclease and insufficient cerebral perfusion caused by intrathecal injection of Cytarabine, etc.; once hemiplegic neurological symptoms appear in the process of induction therapy of children′s acute leukemia, it is highly suspicious of the concomitant AIS, and earlycranial magnetic resonance examination can help to clarify the diagnosis.Although most symptoms resolve with treatment, some patients may develop neurological sequelae.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of acute leukemia complicated with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in children, and to provide a reference for its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.Methods:Case summary.This report presents three children with acute leukemia complicated with AIS admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2015 to August 2024, and reviews the relevant literature at home and abroad to analyze the clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, and treatment of the disease.Results:All three cases were female, aged 4-14 years; two had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and one had acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Hemiparesis was the main presenting symptom in all cases, occurring during induction therapy.Symptoms resolved completely after anticoagulant and symptomatic treatment, with no sequelae and good prognoses.A literature search identified 8 reported cases of pediatric acute leukemia complicated with AIS.Combining these with our 3 cases yielded a total of 11 cases: 5 males and 6 females; median age 7 years (range 2-15 years); 8 with ALL and 3 with AML.Clinically, all presented with hemiparesis.Vascular imaging in 6 patients showed involvement of the middle cerebral artery.In 8 cases of ALL complicated with AIS, the event occurred during induction therapy, which was considered associated with the use of Asparaginase and intrathecal Cytarabine.Anticoagulation was the main treatment.Symptoms resolved in 10 cases, 3 had neurologic sequelae, and 1 died.Conclusions:AIS complicating acute leukemia in children is often the first clinical manifestation of hemiparesis, which mainly occurs in the process of induction therapy, and may be related to the adverse reactions of chemotherapy drugs such as hypercoagulable state of the blood caused by mendonuclease and insufficient cerebral perfusion caused by intrathecal injection of Cytarabine, etc.; once hemiplegic neurological symptoms appear in the process of induction therapy of children′s acute leukemia, it is highly suspicious of the concomitant AIS, and earlycranial magnetic resonance examination can help to clarify the diagnosis.Although most symptoms resolve with treatment, some patients may develop neurological sequelae.

OBJECTIVE: Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR, Danggui in Chinese), Cistanches Herba (CH, Roucongrong in Chinese), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (PG, Renshen in Chinese), and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (PQ, Xiyangshen in Chinese), widely used as medicine and dietary supplement around the world, are susceptible to fungal and mycotoxin contamination. In this study, we aim to analyze their fungal community by DNA metabarcoding. METHODS: A total of 12 root samples were collected from three main production areas in China. The samples were divided into four groups based on herb species, including ASR, CH, PG, and PQ groups. The fungal community on the surface of four root groups was investigated through DNA metabarcoding via targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS2). RESULTS: All the 12 samples were detected with fungal contamination. Rhizopus (13.04%-74.03%), Aspergillus (1.76%-23.92%), and Fusarium (0.26%-15.27%) were the predominant genera. Ten important fungi were identified at the species level, including two potential toxigenic fungi (Penicillium citrinum and P. oxalicum) and eight human pathogenic fungi (Alternaria infectoria, Candida sake, Hyphopichia burtonii, Malassezia globosa, M. restricta, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Ochroconis tshawytschae). Fungal community in ASR and CH groups was significantly different from other groups, while fungal community in PG and PQ groups was relatively similar. CONCLUSION DNA metabarcoding revealed the fungal community in four important root herbs. This study provided an important reference for preventing root herbs against fungal and mycotoxin contamination.

The clinical efficacy advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） compound prescriptions have always been inadequately characterized in experimental research，which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of TCM pharmacology and even the progress of TCM. The concept of simultaneous treatment/regulation，guided by the theory of mutual generation and restriction of five zang-organs，has guiding significance in the clinical practice of TCM throughout history and is still widely used in the current clinical practice. However，this unique and clinically valuable diagnostic and therapeutic medication system based on the syndrome differentiation has been completely ignored in the modern research of TCM pharmacology，which might be one of the key factors restricting the pharmacological characterization of the therapeutic advantages of TCM compound prescriptions. On the basis of systematically summarizing the phased progress and achievements of the efficacy evaluation of TCM compound prescriptions，this article explores the path of exploring the pharmacological advantages of TCM compound prescriptions on simultaneous treatment/regulation on the basis of the correlation patterns of five zang-organs，from the theory of Zangxiang，the core concept of five zang-organs，and the TCM disease recognition based on the theory of mutual generation and restriction of five zang-organs. With the heart-lung correlation as a breakthrough point，this study explored a new characterization method for the pharmacological advantages of TCM，aiming to provide new ideas for evaluating the efficacy of TCM compound prescriptions.