ObjectiveTo find out whether there is any difference in the monitoring results of mosq-ovitraps placed in different orientations in multi-storey residential areas, so as to provide a scientific basis for routine and emergency monitoring of Aedes albopictus with mosq-ovitraps in residential areas. MethodsFrom July 6th to October 26th 2023, one mosquito ovitrap was set up in each of the 4 orientations of east, south, west and north around the buildings in a multi-storey residential area in Jinhui Town, Fengxian District, Shanghai. Data was collected and recorded 72 hours after placement. The chi-square test was used to compare the mosquito ovitrap indices (MOIs) of two independent samples, and the Kruskal⁃Wallis H test was used to compare the MOIs of multiple independent samples. ResultsAfter 16 weeks of surveillance, 997 mosquito ovitraps were recovered, of which 211 were positive, with the mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) of 21.16% and the Aedes albopictus density index of 1.03 mosquitoes·ovitrap^-1. The MOIs were higher in September (24.22%) and October (23.96%), and the MOIs in the west, south and north within the two months were all above 20.00%. From July to October, the MOIs in the east, west, south and north were 20.70%, 22.20%, 25.50% and 16.20%, respectively, and the difference in MOIs among the 4 orientations was not statistically significant (χ²=6.647, P=0.084). Stratified analysis by month showed that in August, the south side of the multi-storey residential areas had the highest MOI (31.30%), the north side had the lowest MOI (1.30%), and there was a statistically significant difference in MOI in the east, west, south and north (χ²=25.986, P<0.001). In October, the MOI in the west was the highest (33.30%) and the MOI in the east was the lowest (6.30%), the difference in MOIs of the 4 orientations was statistically significant (χ²=12.007, P=0.007). The MOIs in the south side of the building in the outskirts of the residential area from the 1st week in July to the 4th week in October was lower (19.20%) than that in the south side of the inner building (31.70%), and the difference in MOI was statistically significant (χ²=5.118, P=0.024). ConclusionThe study of MOI in different orientations in a multi-storey residential area is a preliminary exploration based on field work, and the results show that there is a difference in MOIs in different orientations during the peak breeding period of mosquitoes. Further indicators such as temperature, humidity and wind speed in different orientations can be collected to explore the influencing factors of MOIs.

BACKGROUND: Spatiotemporal disparities exist in the disease burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) attributable to kidney dysfunction, which has been poorly assessed. The present study aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal trends of the global burden of NCDs attributable to kidney dysfunction and to predict future trends. METHODS: Data on NCDs attributable to kidney dysfunction, quantified using deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study in 2019. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of age-standardized rate (ASR) was calculated with linear regression to assess the changing trend. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the association between ASR and sociodemographic index (SDI) for 21 GBD regions. A Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to predict future trends up to 2040. RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2019, the absolute number of deaths and DALYs from NCDs attributable to kidney dysfunction increased globally. The death cases increased from 1,571,720 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 1,344,420-1,805,598) in 1990 to 3,161,552 (95% UI: 2,723,363-3,623,814) in 2019 for both sexes combined. Both the ASR of death and DALYs increased in Andean Latin America, the Caribbean, Central Latin America, Southeast Asia, Oceania, and Southern Sub-Saharan Africa. In contrast, the age-standardized metrics decreased in the high-income Asia Pacific region. The relationship between SDI and ASR of death and DALYs was negatively correlated. The BAPC model indicated that there would be approximately 5,806,780 death cases and 119,013,659 DALY cases in 2040 that could be attributed to kidney dysfunction. Age-standardized death of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and CKD attributable to kidney dysfunction were predicted to decrease and increase from 2020 to 2040, respectively. CONCLUSION NCDs attributable to kidney dysfunction remain a major public health concern worldwide. Efforts are required to attenuate the death and disability burden, particularly in low and low-to-middle SDI regions.
Humans ; Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology* ; Global Burden of Disease ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Male ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Middle Aged ; Kidney Diseases/epidemiology* ; Bayes Theorem ; Adult ; Aged ; Global Health ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years

Cuproptosis, a recently discovered form of regulated cell death involving copper ion metabolism, has emerged as a promising approach for tumor therapy. This pathway not only directly eliminates tumor cells but also promotes immunogenic cell death (ICD), reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) and initiating robust anti-tumor immune responses. However, translating cuproptosis-based therapies into clinical applications is hindered by challenges, including complex metabolic regulation, TME heterogeneity, and the precision required for effective drug delivery. To address these limitations, nanoparticles offer transformative solutions by providing precise delivery of cuproptosis-inducing agents, controlled drug release, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy through simultaneous modulation of metabolic pathways and immune responses. This review systematically discusses recent advancements in nanoparticle-based cuproptosis delivery systems, highlighting nanoparticle design principles and their synergistic effects when integrated with other therapeutic modalities such as ICB, PTT, and CDT. Furthermore, we explore the potential of cuproptosis-based nanomedicine for personalized cancer treatment by emphasizing strategies for TME stratification and therapeutic optimization tailored to patient profiles. By integrating current insights from metabolic reprogramming, tumor immunotherapy, and nanotechnology, this review aims to facilitate the clinical translation of cuproptosis nanomedicine and significantly contribute to the advancement of precision oncology.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Danzhi Jiangtang Capsule (DZJTC) for repairing renal vascular endothelial injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS: Fifty male SD rat models of DN, established by left nephrectomy, high-sugar and high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection, were randomized into DN model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose DZJTC treatment groups, and DAPT (a γ-secretase inhibitor) treatment group, with 10 rats with normal feeding as the control group. DZJTC was administered by daily gavage at 0.315, 0.63, or 1.26 g/kg, and DAPT (20 mg/kg, dissolved in 50% CMC-Na solution) was given by gavage every other day for 4 weeks; normal saline was given in the control and model groups. After treatment, the levels of creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and microalbuminuria (mALB) were detected with ELISA, and renal pathologies were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Renal expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured by immunohistochemistry, and the protein expressions of CD31 and Notch signaling pathway components were detected using Western blotting. RESULTS: The rat models of DN showed significantly increased CRE, BUN, and mALB levels, obvious renal pathologies under electron microscopy, increased renal VEGF, ET-1 and CD31 expressions, and upregulated Notch1, NICD, and MAML1 protein levels. Treatment with DZJTC at the 3 doses and DAPT significantly reduced CRE, BUN, and mALB levels, improved renal pathology, decreased VEGF, ET-1 and CD31 expressions, and lowered Notch1, NICD and MAML1 levels, and the effects were the most pronounced with high-dose DZJTC. CONCLUSIONS DZJTC ameliorates hyperproliferation and dysfunction of renal vascular endothelium in DN rats possibly by regulating renal VEGF and ET-1 levels via inhibiting NICD- and MAML1-mediated Notch signaling pathway.
Animals ; Male ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Diabetic Nephropathies/drug therapy* ; Receptor, Notch1/metabolism* ; Kidney/blood supply* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; Down-Regulation ; Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism* ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism*

In recent years, the prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease has continued to rise. Despite the widespread application of strategies such as intensive pharmacotherapy, coronary artery bypass grafting, or percutaneous coronary intervention, a subset of patients still experience recurrent angina symptoms, which severely impacts their quality of life. For such cases of refractory angina (RA), researchers domestically and internationally have explored therapeutic approaches such as spinal cord stimulation, transmyocardial laser revascularization, and sympathectomy. However, existing studies are largely limited to small-scale clinical trials, and their clinical translation still faces challenges due to insufficient validation of safety and efficacy. Injectable hydrogels, as functional materials with hydrophilic three-dimensional network structures, demonstrate unique advantages in the treatment of RA. They can not only provide mechanical support but also serve as controlled-release carriers for drugs and proteins, and synergize with gene therapy and stem cell therapy to promotemyocardial tissue repair. This article systematically reviews the application prospects of injectable hydrogels in the treatment of RA, aiming to provide insights for future therapeutic strategies.

ObjectivesTo summarize the clinical and pathological features of patients with congenital liver fibrosis （CHF）， and to investigate the differences in clinical and pathological features between patients in different age groups. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinicopathological data of 26 patients with pathologically confirmed CHF in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from August 2005 to June 2023， and the patients were stratified by age to investigate the clinical and pathological features of patients in different age groups. ResultsAmong the 26 patients， there were 12 male patients and 14 female patients， with an age of onset of 4 — 61 years. There were 19 patients with portal hypertension type （73.08%）， 2 patients with cholangitis type （7.69%）， 4 patients with mixed type （15.38%）， and 1 patient with occult type （3.85%）. Of all 26 patients， 4 had unknown clinical symptoms， and among the 22 patients with clear clinical symptoms， 10 （45.45%） attended the hospital due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by portal hypertension. Pathological manifestations included roughly normal liver parenchyma separated by fibrous septa in the portal area， with the presence of abnormal reactive bile duct hyperplasia. Denser fibrous septa and a lack of portal veins with the corresponding caliber were observed in 4 pediatric patients with disease onset before the age of 10 years， with a significant reduction or even disappearance of compensatory thin-walled blood vessels. ConclusionPortal hypertension-type CHF is the most common type in clinical practice. Patients with an early age of onset have certain histopathological features of the liver， with the presence of serious complications associated with portal hypertension. Therefore， liver biopsy should be performed for patients suspected of CHF in clinical practice， and genetic testing should be performed when necessary. Early identification and diagnosis are of great importance for improving the prognosis of patients.

Objective To establish a management scheme for the prevention and control of sudden respiratory infectious diseases on hospital ships and to evaluate its application.Methods The clinical practice,guidelines,expert consensus and systematic evaluation on the prevention and control of sudden respiratory infectious diseases at home and abroad were systematically retrieved.At the same time,the research team proposed a preliminary draft of the management scheme for the prevention and control of sudden respiratory infectious diseases on hospital ships by referring to the literatures on the management of major epidemics at home and abroad in recent years.After 2 rounds of discussion and amendment suggested by expert demonstration meetings,the management scheme for the prevention and control of sudden respiratory infectious diseases on hospital ships was finally formed,and preliminary verification was carried out in"Mission Harmony-2022".Results The hospital ship management scheme for the prevention and control of sudden respiratory infectious diseases included 6 first-level items,22 second-level items,and 40 third-level items(including 34 level-A recommended indicators and 6 level-B recommended indicators).The scheme was applied in"Mission Harmony-2022"and the task was successfully completed.Conclusion The management scheme for the prevention and control of sudden respiratory infectious diseases on hospital ships is systematic,comprehensive,rigorous,practical and scientific,and can provide a guiding reference for the rescue task of sudden respiratory infectious diseases on hospital ships.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and its correlation with metabolic components among personnel on tropical islands.Methods The data of personnel who received health examination on islands in 2024 were analyzed,and they were grouped with the age limit of 30 years old to compare the detection rates of MAFLD and metabolic components in different age groups.In people aged≥ 30 years old,the age,gender,body mass index(BMI),waist circumference(WC),fasting blood glucose,blood lipids,liver function,kidney function and other indexes were compared between MAFLD and non-MAFLD groups.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to analyze the factors affecting the occurrence of MAFLD.The effects of various metabolic components on the risk of MAFLD in different age groups were analyzed by subgroup analyses.Results Among 1213 personnel,175(14.4％)cases had MAFLD,of which 141(80.6％)cases were mild,32(18.3％)were moderate,and 2(1.1％)were severe.The detection rates of MAFLD(25.6％[74/289]vs 10.9％[101/924])and overweight/obesity(55.7％[161/289]vs 37.7％[348/924])in age ≥ 30 years old were significantly higher than those in age＜30 years old(both P＜0.001).In people aged≥ 30 years old,compared with the non-MAFLD group,the BMI,WC,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,gamma glutamyltransferase and uric acid(UA)in the MAFLD group were significantly higher(all P＜0.05),and the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C)was significantly lower(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in age,gender,fast blood glucose,total cholesterol,alkaline phosphatase,total bilirubin,serum creatinine,or blood urea nitrogen(all P＞0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that WC was an independent risk factor for MAFLD(odds ratio[OR]=1.101,95％confidence interval[95％CI]1.030-1.176,P=0.004);HDL-C was an independent protective factor for MAFLD(OR=0.071,95％CI0.016-0.323,P=0.001);and BMI ≥24.0 kg/m2 and WC≥90 cm were positively correlated with MAFLD(both P＜0.01).In people aged≥30 years old,the risk of MAFLD was increased in those with overweight/obesity,arterial blood pressure≥ 130/85 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),TG≥1.7 mmol/L,HDL-C≤1.0 mmol/L and UA＞420 μmol/L(all P＜0.05),and the risk of MAFLD was most significantly increased in overweight/obesity people(hazard ratio[HR]=5.088,95％CI 2.724-9.504,P＜0.001).Among people aged＜30 years old,the risk of MAFLD was increased in those with overweight/obesity and UA＞420 μmol/L(both P＜0.01),and the risk of MAFLD was most significantly increased in overweight/obesity individuals(HR=6.305,95％CI3.973-10.006,P＜0.001).Conclusion The detection rates of MAFLD and various metabolic components are higher in the personnel on tropical islands,and the risk of MAFLD is higher in those with overweight/obesity,TG≥1.7 mmol/L and hyperuricemia.

Objective To investigate the relationship between 9 immunoinflammatory indicators derived from complete blood count and the severity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP)in children of different ages.Methods Totally 2 132 children with MPP who were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics of The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from Jul.1,2023,to Dec.31,2024 were enrolled,and were assigned to severe MPP(SMPP)or non-severe MPP(NSMPP)groups.According to age and gender 1∶1 matching,the children were assigned to 2 subgroups according to age(1-6 years old and＞6-16 years old).The basic data,laboratory examination and immunoinflammatory indicators from complete blood count of each group were collected and compared.The influencing factors of SMPP were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models.Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to analyze the predictive value of indicators that showed statistically significant differences for SMPP.Results There were 220 patients with SMPP,accounting for 10.3%of MPP.In children aged 1-6 years,compared with the NSMPP group,the SMPP group had a longer hospital stay,higher platelet(PLT)count,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR),neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index(all P＜0.05).PLR was an independent risk factor for SMPP(odds ratio=1.010,95%confidence interval[CI]1.003-1.018,P=0.007).The area under curve predicted by PLR for SMPP was 0.635(95%CI 0.560-0.711,P＜0.001),the best cut-off value was 125.04,and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 57.7%and 70.2%,respectively.All the children were assigned to low PLR group or high PLR group using the best cut-offvalue as the boundary,and the severe disease rate in the high PLR group was significantly higher than that in the low PLR group(65.9%[60/91]vs 37.6%[44/117],P＜0.001).All the children were assigned to Q1-Q4 groups by quartile,and the severe disease rate of the Q4 group(71.2%,37/52)was significantly higher than that of the Q1-Q3 group(all P＜0.05).In children aged＞6-16 years,compared with the NSMPP group,the PLT and PLR in the SMPP group were higher(both P＜0.05),but neither was an independent risk factor.All the children were assigned to low PLR group or high PLR group using the best cut-offvalue(137.03)as the boundary,and the severe disease rate in the high PLR group was significantly higher than that in the low PLR group(57.0%[77/135]vs 40.2%[39/97],P=0.011).All the children were assigned to Q1-Q4 groups by quartile,and the severe disease rate of the Q4 group(65.5%,38/58)was significantly higher than that of the Q1-Q3 group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The immunoinflammatory indicators derived from complete blood count,especially PLR,have certain application value in predicting the severity of MPP children in different ages.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia（ALL）is the most common pediatric cancer and has good outcome.However，the prognosis of relapsed/refractory ALL in children is poor.Intensive reinduction chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have become alternative treatments. Bortezomib，as the primary generation proteasome inhibitor，has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. In recent years，several clinical studies have confirmed promising responses and well tolerated of bortezomib combined with various chemotherapeutic drugs in treating children with relapsed/refractory ALL，to improve the complete remission rate and survival rate. This article reviews the mechanisms of bortezomib in ALL and the clinical study progress and safety of bortezomib combined with chemotherapy in children with relapsed/refractory ALL.