BACKGROUND:Currently,numerous experiments delve into the intricate anatomy and biomechanical behavior of distinct segments of the supraspinatus muscle.However,the impact of shoulder joint stress resulting from damage to various regions of this muscle remains a scarcely explored domain.Understanding the repercussions of supraspinatus muscle injuries across different regions on the stress distribution and magnitude of articular cartilage and the glenoid is crucial for providing some theoretical support for clinical diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVE:To ascertain the maximum stress values by simulating different degrees of supraspinatus muscle rupture on the humeral cartilage surface,glenoid lip,and glenoid cartilage joint surface using three-dimensional finite element software. METHODS:Normal and healthy shoulder joint CT or MRI scans were processed through Mimics and Geomagic to extract molds.Subsequently,models were constructed via Solidworks.Varying degrees of supraspinatus muscle damage were simulated for each model to mimic fractures in different regions.Finally,Ansys,mechanical software,was employed for three-dimensional finite element biomechanical analysis,calculating stress values for the humeral cartilage surface,glenoid lip,and glenoid cartilage joint surface. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With worsening degrees of supraspinatus muscle injury,the stress on the shoulder joint cartilage surface and glenoid lip escalated.(2)Among various regions,the anterior part of the supraspinatus muscle exhibited paramount significance.(3)While supraspinatus muscle fractures of differing degrees impacted the magnitude of cartilage stress on the glenoid labial surface,the stress distribution remained constant.(4)It is indicated that during the initial stages of horizontal abduction of the shoulder joint,the anterior region assumes a pivotal role,followed by the posterior deep region.Injury to the anterior part of the supraspinatus muscle leads to a significant surge in stress within the shoulder joint's soft tissue,potentially causing damage to the top of the glenoid lip and the anterior part of the glenoid cartilage.

ObjectiveTo investigate the inhibitory effect of Biejia Decoction Pill on the proliferation， migration， and aerobic glycolysis of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） using cell experiments， as well as related mechanisms. MethodsHuman liver cancer cell line Huh7 was selected， and Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank serum group， inhibitor group， and high-， middle-， and low-dose Biejia Decoction Pill groups. Rat serum containing the drug was prepared for the incubation of Huh7 cells. CCK8 assay and scratch assay were used to explore the effect of Biejia Decoction Pill on the proliferation and migration of HCC cells； glycolytic rate-limiting enzymes and metabolites were measured to explore the effect of Biejia Decoction Pill on aerobic glycolysis of liver cancer cells； RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to explore the effect of Biejia Decoction Pill on the mRNA expression， related proteins， and phosphorylation of the protein kinase B （AKT）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test or the Dunnett’s T3 test were used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the blank serum group， the Biejia Decoction Pill groups had significant reductions in OD value， migration rate during different periods of time， glycolytic rate-limiting enzymes （hexokinase， phosphofructokinase， pyruvate kinase）， and glycolytic metabolites （pyruvate， lactic acid， ATP） （all P<0.05）. RT-qPCR results showed that compared with the blank serum group， the high-， middle-， and low-dose Biejia Decoction Pill groups had a significant reduction in the mRNA expression level of mTOR， and the high- and low-dose Biejia Decoction Pill groups had a significant reduction in the mRNA expression level of AKT （all P<0.05）. Western blot results showed that compared with the blank serum group， the high-， middle-， and low-dose Biejia Decoction Pill groups had significant reductions in the expression levels of mTOR-related proteins and phosphorylated proteins， and the high- and middle-dose Biejia Decoction Pill groups had significant reductions in the expression levels of AKT-related proteins and phosphorylated proteins （all P<0.05）. ConclusionThis study preliminarily verifies that the serum containing Bijia Decoction Pill can inhibit the aerobic glycolysis of human hepatoma Huh7 cells， thereby inhibiting their proliferation and migration， possibly by inhibiting the expression of the proteins related to the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

BACKGROUND:The incidence of medial collateral ligament injuries in the knee joint is easy to lead to secondary meniscus and cartilage damage,and long-term chronic damage can lead to the occurrence of osteoarthritis.At present,there are few studies on the mechanics of meniscus and articular cartilage injury caused by medial collateral ligament rupture. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of different degrees of medial collateral ligament injury on the biomechanics of meniscus and cartilage of knee joint. METHODS:The CT and MRI examinations of the knee joint of a healthy volunteer were performed to obtain the image data.The scanning data were imported into Mimics,Geomagic,and Solidworks software in turn.After registration and fusion,a 3D model of normal knee joint was established.On this basis,models of medial collateral ligament injury in different degrees of knee joint were simulated,which were divided into four groups,including:(1)medial collateral ligament was intact;(2)deep medial collateral ligament fracture;(3)superficial medial collateral ligament fracture;(4)complete rupture of medial collateral ligament.Finally,Ansys software was introduced to apply three modes of loads to the knee joint:(1)10 N·m valvaration torque was applied to the top of the femur.(2)A 4 N·m internal torque was applied to the top of the femur.(3)A 4 N·m external torque was applied to the top of the femur.The effects of four groups of models on knee biomechanics under different loads were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In the extension position of the knee joint,when a 10 N·m valgus torque was applied to the knee joint,the overall stress of the posterolateral meniscus increased with different degrees of medial collateral ligament injuries,while the stress of the articular cartilage did not change significantly.The peak stress of the posterolateral meniscus increased significantly with superficial medial collateral ligament rupture.(2)In the knee extension position,when a 4 N·m internal rotation torque was applied to the knee joint,the overall stress of the medial and lateral meniscus increased after different degrees of medial collateral ligament injury.When superficial medial collateral ligament rupture occurred,the peak stress of the meniscus shifted from the anterior horn of the medial meniscus to the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus.(3)In the knee extension position,applying a 4 N·m external rotation torque to the knee joint,the peak stress of the posterolateral meniscus increased more significantly than that of the medial meniscus,and the stress of the articular cartilage changed less.(4)These results show that the risk of meniscus injury secondary to superficial medial collateral ligament rupture is much higher than that of deep medial collateral ligament rupture when the knee is in extension,and the lateral meniscus is more vulnerable to injury than the medial meniscus.Both superficial medial collateral ligament and deep medial collateral ligament play an important role in the rotational stability of the knee joint.

The polar tube protein is the major component of polar tube, and can specifically locate on the polar tube of microsporidia and plays an important role in invasion host cell. In this study, we analyzed the potential O- and Nglycosylation sites in polar tube protein 1 from Nosema bombycis. NbPTP1 was successfully cloned to eukaryotic expression vector pMT/Bip/V5-His A, involved V5 and His tags. After transfection, NbPTP1 gene could be efficiently expressed in Drosophila S2 cells. In addition, Lectin blotting and beta elimination analysis showed that NbPTP1 expressed in Drosophila S2 cells was O-glycosylation. These studies provided a basis for understanding the relationship between glycosylation and function of NbPTP1, helped us to reveal the infection mechanism of microsporidia and established effective diagnosis and prevention methods for microsporidia.

Objective To describe the situation of citation on clinical nursing fund-sponsored theses and to reflect the academic level in this field and authors' capability to using literature.Methods The way of search combining printed journal and database was used to clinical nursing fund-sponsored theses published in 12 nursing core journals from 2015 to 2016. Statistical analysis was conducted on the numbers, languages, subject resources and types of citations.Results There were total 3590 clinical nursing fund-sponsored theses from 2015 to 2016. The citation rate was 99.78% with 14.58 per paper for the average number of citation. The languages of citations were main in Chinese accounting for 60.75%. The subject resources of citations mainly included nursing (55.36%) with clinical medicine and other subjects increasing. The types of citations of Chinese and foreign language primarily contained journals accounting for 87.33% and 96.33% respectively. Conclusions The numbers of citations and the average number of citations per paper increase year by year. The nurses' capability to absorb information grows continually. However, diversified investment funds for scientific research should be strengthened and resources sharing should be promoted in the future.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of different opportune time and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) courses in adjunctive therapy of comminuted tibial fracture.Methods In accordance with different treatment methods, 49 cases of comminuted tibial fracture were divided into the HBO group (n =27) and the conventional therapy group (n =22).Cure rates, as well as different opportune time and HBO courses were compared between the 2 groups.Results The cure rate of the HBO group (81.5％) was obviously higher than that of the conventional therapy group (54.5％), and statistical significance could be noted, when comparisons were made between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Cure rates for those patients who received HBO therapy 3 days, 3-7 days or over 7 days after surgery, were respectively 92.3％ , 88.9％ and 40.0％.There was statistical significance, when the cure rate of the 3-day after surgery subgroup was compared with that of the 7-day after surgery subgroup (P ＜ O.05).The cure rates for the patients who underwent less than 5 sessions,5-10 sessions or over 10 sessions of HBO therapy were respectively 75.0％, 78.6％ and 88.9％, with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Adjunctive HBO therapy could increase the cure rate of comminuted tibial fracture, and the earlier HBO therapy was implemented, the better results could be achieved.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of different opportune time and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) courses in adjunctive therapy of comminuted tibial fracture.Methods In accordance with different treatment methods, 49 cases of comminuted tibial fracture were divided into the HBO group (n =27) and the conventional therapy group (n =22).Cure rates, as well as different opportune time and HBO courses were compared between the 2 groups.Results The cure rate of the HBO group (81.5％) was obviously higher than that of the conventional therapy group (54.5％), and statistical significance could be noted, when comparisons were made between the 2 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Cure rates for those patients who received HBO therapy 3 days, 3-7 days or over 7 days after surgery, were respectively 92.3％ , 88.9％ and 40.0％.There was statistical significance, when the cure rate of the 3-day after surgery subgroup was compared with that of the 7-day after surgery subgroup (P ＜ O.05).The cure rates for the patients who underwent less than 5 sessions,5-10 sessions or over 10 sessions of HBO therapy were respectively 75.0％, 78.6％ and 88.9％, with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Adjunctive HBO therapy could increase the cure rate of comminuted tibial fracture, and the earlier HBO therapy was implemented, the better results could be achieved.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of early comprehensive HBO treatment on spinal cord injury inflicted in the earthquake.Methods With the knowledge and consent of the patients and dependants,32 spinal cord injury patients were randomly divided into the hyperbaric oxygen group (the HBO group) and the routine therapy group.The ASIA2000 classification system of spinal cord injury was applied to identify the grades of the groups of patients,2 days after surgery and following 3 courses of HBO treatment.Then,changes in ASIA classification scores after the HBO and routine treatment were compared between the 2 groups.Results (1)No statistical significance could be seen in all the ASIA scores before treatment in both groups(P ＞ 0.05).However,sensory and motor plane scores for the patients of both groups were all higher than those before treatment,with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).(2) For the patients in the HBO group,sensory and motor plane scores after treatment were higher than those of the routine therapy group,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).(3) No statistical significance could be noticed in the injury classification,when comparisons were made between the groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Early HBO treatment had obvious therapeutic effect on spinal cord injury inflicted in the earthquake,and could help the recovery of the sensory and motor plane of those patients.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of early comprehensive HBO treatment on spinal cord injury inflicted in the earthquake.Methods With the knowledge and consent of the patients and dependants,32 spinal cord injury patients were randomly divided into the hyperbaric oxygen group (the HBO group) and the routine therapy group.The ASIA2000 classification system of spinal cord injury was applied to identify the grades of the groups of patients,2 days after surgery and following 3 courses of HBO treatment.Then,changes in ASIA classification scores after the HBO and routine treatment were compared between the 2 groups.Results (1)No statistical significance could be seen in all the ASIA scores before treatment in both groups(P ＞ 0.05).However,sensory and motor plane scores for the patients of both groups were all higher than those before treatment,with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).(2) For the patients in the HBO group,sensory and motor plane scores after treatment were higher than those of the routine therapy group,also with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).(3) No statistical significance could be noticed in the injury classification,when comparisons were made between the groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Early HBO treatment had obvious therapeutic effect on spinal cord injury inflicted in the earthquake,and could help the recovery of the sensory and motor plane of those patients.