As two types of safe,effective,and environmentally friendly disinfectants,acidic electrolyzed water and hypochlorous acid water have been widely recognized for their advantages such as the effectiveness in disinfection,safety for human body and friendly to environment through years of constant efforts on the research.Acidic elec-trolyzed water and hypochlorous acid water have been used for the disinfection of endoscopes,operating rooms,medical instruments of supply department and hospital environment,which has played an active role in prevention of hospital-associated infection and control of the contamination of environment due to the use of disinfectants.The current status of research on the acidic electrolyzed water and hypochlorous acid water,effect on killing microor-ganisms,influencing factors,impact on environment and objects as well as the application of relevant rules and laws in medical field were reviewed in the article.

As two types of safe,effective,and environmentally friendly disinfectants,acidic electrolyzed water and hypochlorous acid water have been widely recognized for their advantages such as the effectiveness in disinfection,safety for human body and friendly to environment through years of constant efforts on the research.Acidic elec-trolyzed water and hypochlorous acid water have been used for the disinfection of endoscopes,operating rooms,medical instruments of supply department and hospital environment,which has played an active role in prevention of hospital-associated infection and control of the contamination of environment due to the use of disinfectants.The current status of research on the acidic electrolyzed water and hypochlorous acid water,effect on killing microor-ganisms,influencing factors,impact on environment and objects as well as the application of relevant rules and laws in medical field were reviewed in the article.

Nuclear factor κB(NF-κB),the activation of signaling pathways is closely related to the development of chronic inflammation.Multiple pro-inflammatory factors activate NF-κB kinase inhibitor ε/TANK binding kinase 1(IKKε/TBK1),pancreatic islets β cellular dysfunction or loss leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Inhibiting or blocking IKKε/TBK1 can reduce the production of inflammatory factors,lower insuin resistance,improve insulin sensitivity,and reduce the occurrence of T2DM.This article reviews the action mechanism based on inflammatory response ε/research progress on the mechanism of action IKKε/TBK1 pathway in T2DM.

Nuclear factor κB(NF-κB),the activation of signaling pathways is closely related to the development of chronic inflammation.Multiple pro-inflammatory factors activate NF-κB kinase inhibitor ε/TANK binding kinase 1(IKKε/TBK1),pancreatic islets β cellular dysfunction or loss leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Inhibiting or blocking IKKε/TBK1 can reduce the production of inflammatory factors,lower insuin resistance,improve insulin sensitivity,and reduce the occurrence of T2DM.This article reviews the action mechanism based on inflammatory response ε/research progress on the mechanism of action IKKε/TBK1 pathway in T2DM.

Objective:To discuss the effects of different doses of ganoderic acid A(GAA)on the biological activities,glycolysis,and the expression of rate-limiting enzymes of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)PC9 cells,and to clarify the mechanism.Methods:The NSCLC PC9 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into blank control group,low dose(25 μmol·L-1)of GAA group,medium dose(50 μmol·L-1)of GAA group,and high dose(100 μmol·L-1)of GAA group.The methylthiazolydiphenyltetrazolium(MTT)assay was used to detect the survival rates of the PC9 cells in various groups;Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the number of migration cells of the PC9 cells in various groups;the glucose uptakes of the PC9 cells in various groups were detected by glucose assay kit;the levels of ATP in the PC9 cells in various groups were detected by ATP assay kit;the levels of lactic acid in the PC9 cells in various groups were detected by lactate assay kit;the expression levels of hexokinase 2(HK2)and pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2)mRNA in the PC9 cells in various groups were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method;the expression levels of HK2 and PKM2 proteins in the PC9 cells in various groups were detected by Western blotting method.Results:The MTT assay results showed that,at 24,48,and 72 h of culture,compared with blank control group,the survival rates of the cells in medium and high doses of GAA groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).At 72 h of culture,compared with low dose of GAA group,the survival rate of the cells in high dose of GAA group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The Transwell chamber assay results showed that compared with blank control group,the numbers of migration cells in medium and high doses of GAA groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05);compared with low doses of GAA group,the number of migration cells in high dose of GAA group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with blank control group,the glucose uptakes and levels of lactic acid in the cells in medium and high dose of GAA groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the level of ATP in the cells in high dose of GAA group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The RT-qPCR results showed that compared with blank control group,the expression levels of HK2 and PKM2 mRNA in the cells in medium and high doses of GAA groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The Western blotting results showed that compared with blank control group,the expression levels of HK2 and PKM2 proteins in the cells in medium and high doses of GAA groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Medium and high doses of GAA can inhibit the biological activities of proliferation and migration of the PC9 cells,reduce the glycolysis,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the expressions of the key rate-limiting enzymes HK2 and PKM2.

Objective:To study the clinical, histopathological, and genetic features of large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) with IRF4 rearrangement.Methods:Six patients presenting at our center between December 2017 and October 2021 were evaluated by pathological examination, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and next-generation sequencing. The relevant literature was reviewed.Results:①The study sample included three males and three females with a median age of 33 years. Three tumors were in the tonsils, two in the lymphoid nodes, and one in the dorsal lump. All patients were treated using the RCDOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, liposomal doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) regimen. All of them were alive at the time of follow-up in November 2021. ②Microscopic examination showed an entirely follicular pattern in one case and an entirely diffused pattern in 5 cases. The tumor cells were medium to large, and most of the lesions were dilatative with brisk mitotic activity ( n=five cases) and no starry sky pattern ( n=6 cases) . ③Four cases exhibited a GCB phenotype, and the other two exhibited a non-GCB phenotype. All of the cases were positive for CD20, PAX-5, MUM, and BCL6, and negative for CD5. Moreover, CD10, BCL2, and c-MYC were positive in 4, 3, and 2 cases, respectively.④IRF4 gene rearrangement was identified in all cases, BCL6 gene rearrangement was detected in 5 cases, and 2 cases were positive. BCL2 and MYC gene rearrangement were performed in 5 cases, all negative. ⑤Three paraffin tissue samples were used for next-generation sequencing, and lymphoma-related gene mutations such as IRF4, TP53, IGLL5, and MYD88 were detected in 3 cases. Conclusions:LBCL with IRF4 rearrangement is a rare entity with unique clinical, pathological, and genetic characteristics. This entity’s pathogenesis, treatment options, and long-term prognosis still need to be explored further.

Objective:To investigate the pathological subtypes and clinicopathological characteristics of the non-squamous immunophenotype nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NSNPC).Methods:The clinicopathological features of the non-squamous immunophenotype nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed between 2011 and 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, transmission electron microscopy and PCR gene rearrangement. Follow-up data were also collected.Results:There were 14 males and 9 females with a median age of 46 years (ranging from 16 to 76 years) with an average age of 45 years. Microscopically, patterns were similar to the classic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed that most NSNPC cases expressed low molecular weight keratin (CK8/18, CK8 and CKL) and expressed pathway proteins in a low level (EGFR, PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR), which had significant difference from classic nasopharyngeal carcinoma group ( P<0.05). Other proteins including CK5/6, CKpan, CK7, Syn, CD56, CgA, SOX-10, AKT, mTOR, Notch, STAT3 and p-STAT3 showed no statistical difference between the two groups. Pathogen detection showed that EBER was positive (18/23, 78.3%) and HPV positive(2/23, 8.7%)which were HPV35 and HPV38. The cancer suppressor gene BLU was highly expressed in NSNPC; RASSF1 and Rbms3 were less expressed in NSNPC, in line with classic NPC. As a whole, NSNPC was characterized by ultrastructures of low-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Compared with classic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, NSNPC had a lower recurrence rate and earlier clinical stage( P<0.05),but there was no significant correlation with age, sex, distant metastasis and death ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The histological morphology, etiology and gene changes of NSNPC are similar to those of classical nasopharyngeal carcinoma and ultrastructural findings show that NSNPC still belongs to undifferentiated type in non-keratinized squamous cell carcinoma. The malignant degree of NSNPC is low and the prognosis is good.

Objective To explore the young and middle-aged families psychological status of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods A total of 120 families of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who admitted in our hospital from 2011 to 2013, and the families were divided into experimental group and control group. All patients of two groups were used the self-evaluation of anxiety scale ( SAS) , depression self rating scale ( SDS ) questionnaire after different interventions in two groups. We analyzed the families′anxiety and depression influencing factors and compared the SAS, SDS, HAMS and HAMD scores in two groups. Results Within group comparison:in both groups, each index of the third day of admission were significantly lower than those on admission day (P<0. 05); at the same time, each index value seventh days after admission was significantly lower than that of the third day of admission (P<0. 05); comparison between two groups:the index difference of two groups was no indexes had no statistically significant on admission ( P>0. 05); but the difference had statistical significance at third days and seventh days in each index value of two groups (P <0. 05). Each index of third days and seventh days in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group (P < 0. 05). Factors that cause anxiety in patients′ families included concerning about the health of patients, family economic difficulties, families′ work affected, unbearable physical strength and energy, to understand patient′s condition, treatment and prognosis, eager to know disease-associated knowledge, first aid knowledge under emergency situation, traffic inconvenience and so on.Conclusions The psychological nursing should be paid attention on patients′ relatives by four-dimensional innovation service model to guide nursing service, so as to reduce medical dispute, indirectly encourage patients and promote patients recovery early.