Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second most prevalent malignancy among men worldwide. Early diagnosis, personalized treatment, and prognosis prediction of PCa play a crucial role in improving patients' survival rates. The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly the utilization of deep learning (DL) algorithms, has brought about substantial progress in assisting the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction of PCa. The introduction of the foundation model has revolutionized the application of AI in medical treatment and facilitated its integration into clinical practice. This review emphasizes the clinical application of AI in PCa by discussing recent advancements from both pathological and imaging perspectives. Furthermore, it explores the current challenges faced by AI in clinical applications while also considering future developments, aiming to provide a valuable point of reference for the integration of AI and clinical applications.
Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Male ; Artificial Intelligence ; Deep Learning ; Prognosis

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.019.].

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) complicated by hyperuricemia (HUA) and explore their potential as novel diagnostic molecular markers and their target genes. METHODS: This study was conducted among 30 CHF patients with HUA (observation group) and 30 healthy volunteers (control group) enrolled between September, 2020 and September, 2023. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 6 CHF patients with HUA for analyzing exosomal miRNAs by high-throughput sequencing, and the results were validated in the remaining 24 patients using qRT-PCR. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to predict the the target genes of the identified differential miRNAs. We also validated the differentially expressed miRNAs by animal experiment. RESULTS: A total of 42 differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs were detected in observation group by high-throughput sequencing; among them, miR-27a-5p was significantly upregulated (P=0.000179), and miR-139-3p was significantly downregulated (P=0.000058). In the 24 patients with both CHF and PUA, qRT-PCR validated significant upregulation of miR-27a-5p (P=0.004) and downregulation of miR-139-3p (P=0.005) in serum exosomes. When combined, miR-27a-5p and miR-139-3p had a maximum area under the curve (AUC) of 0.899 (95% CI: 0812-0.987) for predicting CHF complicated by HUA. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested that the differential expressions of miR-27a-5p and miR-139-3p was associated with the activation of the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway to activate the autophagic response. We obtained the same conclusion from animal experiment. CONCLUSIONS Upregulated exosomal miR-27a-5p combined with downregulated exosomal miR-139-3p expression can serve as a novel molecular marker for diagnosis of CHF complicated by HUA, and their differential expression may promote autophagy in cardiomyocytes by activating the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.
Humans ; Hyperuricemia/diagnosis* ; Heart Failure/genetics* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; Chronic Disease ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Animals

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilation for esophageal strictures in patients with epidermolysis bullosa(EB).Methods The clinical data and follow-up results of EB patients,who received fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilation due to esophageal stricture at Shanghai Xinhua Hospital from May 2020 to May 2023,were retrospectively collected.The therapeutic efficacy and the prognosis of this treatment method were analyzed.Results A total of 17 EB patients received fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilation treatment due to dysphagia caused by esophageal stricture.Most esophageal strictures were single-site stenosis(13/17,76.5％)and it commonly occurred in the esophageal cervical segment(12/17,70.6％)and the upper thoracic segment(8/17,47.1％)of esophagus.Two patients developed esophageal bleeding after dilatation and no special treatment is required.No other post-treatment complications were observed.In most of the patients(15/17,88.2％)a long-term improvement of the dysphagia symptoms could be obtained after receiving a single balloon dilation treatment.By the last follow-up visit,most of the patients(15/17,88.2％)gained more weight when compared with their pre-treatment body weight,with an average increased weight of 2.97 kg.Conclusion Clinically,EB is a rare etiology that can cause an esophageal stricture.This esophageal stenosis is characterized by a single stenosis mostly located in the upper segment of the esophagus.Fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilation is an effective and safe treatment for this type of esophageal strictures.

Objective:To establish a prediction method of diopter based on sequence of ocular biological parameters.Methods:A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to extract the dataset. The dataset consisted of data collected from January 2022 to January 2023 by the Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, from children aged 5 to 13 years in 2 key schools and 2 general schools of Yangpu District, Shanghai. Children’s ocular biological parameters, including sex, age, diopter, axial length, corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth were collected. The slope of the optimally fitted straight line was calculated using the least squares method. The least square-back propagation (BP) neural network model was established by combining baseline data and the pre-processed rate of the change of ocular biological parameters. The dataset was divided into the training set and the validation set according to the ratio of 8:2 for five-fold cross-validation. The model performance was evaluated by using the mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), correlation coefficient R, and coefficient of determination R2. Results:The optimal performances of R2, R, RMSE, MAE, and MSE of the least square-BP neural network model were 0.96, 0.981 9, 0.214 2, 0.139 9 D, 0.045 9, respectively. The regression equation between the predicted value and the true value of the diopter was y=0.97 x+ 0.014 8, R2=0.97, with good correlation. In the internal verification, MAE values of the diopter at three, six, nine, and twelve months of follow-up were 0.110 1, 0.136 0, 0.153 7, and 0.184 8 D, respectively, which achieved clinically acceptable performance (less than 0.25 D). In the external validation, the errors were less than 0.25 D at all ages. Conclusions:A prediction method of diopter based on sequence of ocular biological parameters was successfully developed.

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, including lung cancer. However, the exact underlying mechanism and therapeutic potential are largely unknown. Here we report that protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is highly expressed in lung cancer and is required for cell metabolism, tumorigenicity, and cisplatin response of lung cancer. PRMT6 regulated the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) flux and glycolysis pathway in human lung cancer by increasing the activity of 6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and α-enolase (ENO1). Furthermore, PRMT6 methylated R324 of 6PGD to enhancing its activity; while methylation at R9 and R372 of ENO1 promotes formation of active ENO1 dimers and 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG) binding to ENO1, respectively. Lastly, targeting PRMT6 blocked the oxidative PPP flux, glycolysis pathway, and tumor growth, as well as enhanced the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin in lung cancer. Together, this study demonstrates that PRMT6 acts as a post-translational modification (PTM) regulator of glucose metabolism, which leads to the pathogenesis of lung cancer. It was proven that the PRMT6-6PGD/ENO1 regulatory axis is an important determinant of carcinogenesis and may become a promising cancer therapeutic strategy.

OBJECTIVE To syste matically evaluate the prevention effects of nicorandil on contrast-induced nephropathy in patients underwent coronary angiography （CAG）or stent implantation （CSI），and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical drug use. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed ，Embase，Cochrane library ，Wanfang database ，CBM and CNKI ，randomized controlled trial （RCT）about nicorandil （trial group ）versus normal saline or placebo （control group ）prevented contrast-induced nephropathy in patients underwent CAG or CSI were collected during the inception to Nov. 2021. After extracting literature that met the inclusion criteria ，the bias risk assessment tool of RCT in Cochrane manual was used for quality evaluation ，and meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 17 RCTs were included ，involving 3 279 patients. Among them，there were 1 587 patients in trial group ，and 1 692 patients in control group. Results of meta-analysis showed that the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy in trial group was significantly lo wer than control group [RR ＝0.40，95％CI（0.31，0.51）， P＜0.000 1] . Results of subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy in trial group was significantly lower than control group ，whether intravenous administration [RR ＝0.47，95％CI（0.29，0.74），P＝0.001] or oral administration [RR ＝0.37，95％CI（0.28，0.50），P＜0.000 01]，whether patients with normal renal function [RR ＝0.42，95％CI（0.30， 0.59），P＜0.000 01] or with renal insufficiency [RR ＝0.38， 95％ CI（0.26，0.54），P＜0.000 01]. Scr of 24 h[SMD＝ －1.38，95％CI（－2.32，－0.44），P＝0.004]，48 h[SMD＝ －0.81，95％CI（－1.19，－0.43），P＜0.000 1] and 72 h[SMD＝ －0.24，95％CI（－0.43，－0.05），P＝0.01] after surgery in trialgroup were significantly lower than control group ；the 163.com decrease of creatinine clearance rate of 48 h[SMD＝1.27， 95％CI（0.48，2.07），P＝0.001] and 72 h[SMD＝0.37，95％CI（0.07，0.67），P＝0.02] after surgery in trial group were significantly lower than control group ；cystatin C of 24 h[SMD＝－0.93，95％CI（－1.72，－0.14），P＝0.02]，48 h[SMD＝－1.72，95％CI （－2.33，－1.10），P＜0.000 01] and 72 h[SMD＝－0.36，95％CI（－0.62，－0.10），P＝0.006] after surgery in trial group were significantly lower than control group. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment of nicorandil can reduce the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients underwent CAG or CSI ，and reduce the damage of renal function after application of contrast.

Objective:To explore implementation of post training in Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) based on Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation model (ADDIE model) , so as to explore its training effects.Methods:From January to August 2021, the development of post training courses for CSSD were completed according to ADDIE model, and 54 CSSD staff in the Second Hospital of Jilin University were selected by the convenient sampling method for post training. After the training, the Korotkoff evaluation method was used to evaluate the training effect from the aspects of CSSD staff satisfaction, theoretical assessment results and implementation rate of key technologies.Results:The satisfaction of CSSD staff with post training based on the ADDIE model was (88.44±4.01) , which was higher than the (79.72±4.90) of traditional training, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01) . After the post training based on the ADDIE model, the theoretical assessment score of CSSD staff was (90.07±6.09) , and the score before training was (81.30±7.28) , and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) . In addition, the implementation rate of the key technologies of the posts was higher than before the training. Except for the sterilization post, there were statistically significant differences in the cleaning post, packaging post, distribution post and receiving post ( P<0.05) , and the frequency of adverse events was 0. Conclusions:Post training based on the ADDIE model can effectively improve the ability of CSSD staff and promote positive changes in their work behavior. Both CSSD staff and hospitals have a high degree of recognition for this training.

Objective:To systematically analyze and compare the focuses and frontiers of research on microbial resistance to disinfectants in China and abroad, and to provide suggestions for strengthening academic research on microbial resistance to disinfectants as well as the prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance in China.Methods:Relevant literature focusing on the resistance of microorganisms to disinfectants was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science? Core Collection database from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2018. After analyzing the basic information of the literature, co-occurrence and cluster analyses by the CiteSpace visualization software were introduced to identify and compare the similarities and differences of topics and frontiers between domestic and foreign research on microbial resistance to disinfectants.Results:A total of 234 literatures published in Chinese and 1 563 literatures in English were included. Among the 1 563 literatures in English, 97 literatures were published by domestic scholars as the first author or corresponding author, and 1 466 literatures by foreign scholars. The quality of the journals publishing these studies was relatively high. Compared with the general trend of foreign research in this field, the number of relevant articles published by domestic scholars started to decline in recent years, and the journals were relatively concentrated. According to the co-occurrence analysis on keywords, " Acinetobacter baumannii" had the highest centrality value of 0.36 among the literatures published in Chinese by domestic scholars, while " Escherichia coli" was presented with the highest centrality value of 0.63 and 0.21 in English literatures published by domestic and foreign scholars, respectively. According to the analysis of the research trends of the literatures, much more burst terms were detected in the papers published in English by foreign scholars. Among those literatures published from 1994 to 2018, the focuses on the types of pathogens had gradually shifted from Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica, and the attention to the types of disinfectants had gradually switched from chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compound to sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid. However, only a few burst terms, mainly including "bacteria" and " Pseudomonas aeruginosa" , were detected in the papers published in Chinese by domestic scholars, which emerged in an earlier period and ended in 2008 and 2010. Conclusion:Although domestic research on microbial resistance to disinfectants has made some progresses and gradually achieved international standard, comprehensive and in-depth research should be consistently strengthened to form a stable and sustainable development pattern.

Objective:To study the clinical characteristics and classification of gastric neuroendocrine neoplasm(NEN) and prognostic factors of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) and gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC).Methods:A total of 148 gastric NENs were divided into type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ based on the classification of European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS). Kaplan-Meier test and Cox regression model were used in univariate and multivariate survival analysis in 108 cases with pathological G3 gastric NEN.Results:In this study, the percentages of type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ were 25.0%(37), 3.4%(5) and 71.6%(106) respectively. Among type Ⅰ patients, 28(75.7%) lesions were located in gastric fundus or body, 29(78.4%) had bumps. Lymph node involvement was found in 4 (10.8%) patients. Twenty-six (70.3%) patients received endoscopic treatment and 11 (29.7%) with surgery. All 5 type Ⅱ patients presented lesions in gastric fundus or body, including 4 with ulcers, who were all treated by endoscope. Three type Ⅱ patients had gastrinoma, and 2 combined with multiple endocrine neoplasmⅠ. In type Ⅲ patients, 56(52.8%) showed ulcerative lesions. The majority of patients (102, 96.2%) had a single lesion, 94(88.7%) with lymph node or other organ metastasis. In this study, no deaths were reported in gastric NEN with a pathological grade of G1 or G2. The mortality rate was 38.9%(42/108) in patients with G3 NEN. Survival analysis suggested that age, metastasis of tumor were associated with poor prognosis ( P=0.041, 0.025). Conclusions:Patients with gastric NEN have heterogenous clinical presentations according to gender, age, endoscopic features, infiltration and metastasis, and pathological grade. Aging and metastasis are negative prognostic factors of G3 gastric NEN.