Objective To analyze the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) among adults in Hebei Province and its influencing factors related to comorbidities with ^“three highs^”, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of HUA and multi-disease co-management. Methods Data were derived from the 2018 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance program conducted in Hebei Province. A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select permanent residents aged ≥18 years. All statistical analyses were adjusted for complex weighting. Design-based logistic regression was employed to analyze factors influencing HUA prevalence, and ordinal logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of HUA patients and their comorbidity with ^“three highs^”. Results The prevalence of HUA among adults in Hebei Province was 10.42%, with males showing higher rates than females (P<0.05). The highest prevalence of HUA was observed in the 18-39 age group, followed by a declining trend, and a resurgence in those aged ≥70 (P<0.05). Among HUA patients with comorbidities, isolated HUA, 1 comorbidity, 2 comorbidities, and 3 comorbidities accounted for 13.94%, 33.33%, 39.17%, and 13.56%, respectively. HUA combined with hypertension and dyslipidemia represented the highest proportion (31.07%). Analysis of the influencing factors of HUA revealed that higher education levels, obesity, central obesity, and dyslipidemia increased the risk of HUA (P<0.05). Ordinal logistic regression analysis of HUA combined with three highs showed that HUA patients aged ≥50 years, overweight individuals, and those with chronic kidney disease had a higher number of patients with three highs (P<0.05). Conclusion HUA exhibits insidious onset, and it is recommended to include uric acid testing in routine physical examinations. Targeted prevention measures, such as early uric acid testing and health education, should be implemented by Hebei authorities for populations with higher education levels, obesity, central obesity, and dyslipidemia to reduce HUA incidence. Additionally, health education and regular medical check-ups are recommended for overweight HUA patients and those with chronic kidney disease to prevent comorbidities and alleviate disease burden.

Objective: To analyze the space time characteristics of poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu, in order to provide the reference for formulating myopia prevention and control policies for students. Methods: The data relating to poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu from 2021 to 2023 were sourced from the Sichuan Students Physical Health Big Data Center. The districts and counties of Chengdu were divided into three circles, including the main urban area, suburban districts and counties, and suburban districts and counties. The Chi square test was used for inter group comparison, and the Cochran-Armitage test was used to analyze the trend of changes. Global and local Moran s I were used to analyze spatial clustering. Results: The detection rates of poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Chengdu from 2021 to 2023 were 62.47%, 61.61% and 60.78%, respectively, showing a decreasing trend ( Z=-32.01, P <0.01). For each year, the higher detection rate of poor vision among students was detected in the higher level of education, and differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=161 549.47, 173 471.87, 233 459.09, P <0.01). The rate of poor vision among primary and secondary school students gradually decreased from the central districts and counties of Chengdu to the surrounding districts and counties for each year, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=299.20, 776.22, 633.16, P <0.01). The spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the first circle of Chengdu City was mainly characterized by high-high agglomeration ( P <0.01), with the rate of poor vision among primary school students in Wuhou District in 2023 exhibiting a low-high anomaly. The third circle was mainly characterized by low-low aggregation ( P <0.01), while the spatial clusterings of the second circle was not significant ( P >0.05). Conclusions The myopia prevention and control work in Chengdu has achieved preliminary results. It should continue to consolidate existing achievements and implement targeted myopia prevention and control measures based on regional characteristics.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of metabolic syndrome and explore possible risk factors for metabolic syndrome in adults of rural communities in Yuhuan county, Zhejiang province, China. Methods: During June-December, 2018, a follow-up survey was conducted in participants without metabolic syndrome at baseline survey in 2012 to obtain the information collected in questionnaire survey, anthropometric data and laboratory data. The incidence of metabolic syndrome in the participants was estimated, and Logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) and 95%CI. Results: Among 3 162 participants, 522 new metabolic syndrome cases were identified. The 6-year cumulative incidence rate of metabolic syndrome was 16.5%, and the cumulative incidence rate was higher in women (20.6%) than that in men (12.3%, P<0.001). Those incidence rates were higher in those in jobless, smoking or drinking groups. Being women (aRR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.50-2.58) and family history of hypertension (aRR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.04-1.63) were independent risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The follow up indicated that the incidence of metabolic syndrome was relatively high in rural adults on islands in Zhejiang, and women or those with family history of hypertension were more likely to have metabolic syndrome.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Islands ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population

Objective:To quantitatively evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome in adults in order to set up programs on prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome in this population.Methods:Relevant studies were identified by systematically searching databases before October 2019. All statistical analyses were under the use of Stata 11.0.Results:A total of 656 319 participants including 150 638 cases with metabolic syndrome were involved in thes 38 articles. A U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome was noticed. For short and long sleep duration, the OR=1.11 (95% CI: 1.07-1.16) and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.03-1.18), respectively. Subgroup analyses on cross-sectional studies revealed that factors as men, aged under 60 years, being Asians or Caucasians would increase the risk of metabolic syndrome by 6%, 14%, 9%, and 24%, respectively for those with short sleep duration. Factors as aged 60 years and above, being black and with long sleep duration, would increase the risks of metabolic syndrome by 13% and 19%, respectively in women. In subgroup analyses on cohort studies, positive correlation between short sleep duration and metabolic syndrome was observed in both Asian ( RR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.07-1.13) and in Caucasians ( RR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.08-2.26) populations. Conclusions:Results of this study revealed an association between metabolic syndrome and the duration of sleep. We understand that sleep is a behavior that can be changed step by step, through adequate intervention programs, to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome which has become an important public health issue.

Objective To study on the relationship between the serum level of highsensitivity c-reaction protein (hs-CR),matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMT-9),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and carotid plaque stability in elderly people.Methods According to the carotid ultrasonography examination,120 old people were divided into vulnerable plaque group (group A,n =45),stable plaque group (group B,n =41) and no plaque group (group C,n =34),and serum levels of hs-CRP,MMP-9,TIMP-1 in each group were also detected.Results The serum levels of hs-CRP and MMP-9 of unstable plaque group and stable plaque group were higher than those of non-plaque group (P ＜ 0.05).hsCRP and MMP-9 were positively correlated with carotid plaque unstability,while TIMP-1 was negatively correlated with carotid plaque unstability,hs-CRP,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were independent risk factors for carotid plaque stability.Conclusions Serum levels of hs-CRP,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are closely related to the stability of carotid plaque.Elevated levels of hs-CRP and MMP-9 increase the risk of carotid plaque,and elevated levels of TIMP-1 decrease the risk of carotid plaque.

To screen the specific anti-human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) single chain fragment variable (scFv) using phage display library technology and to identify its biological activity. P1 peptide was used as antigen, and the phage antibodies against human ICAM-1 antigen were panned by four binding-eluting-amplifying cycles using Tomlinson I+J phage display library. After four rounds of selective enrichment screening, the positive clones were determined by PCR, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based antigenic cross reaction and Dot blotting. Then the binding specificity and biological activity of purified scFv were identified by Western blotting, competitive ELISA and cell adhesion inhibition assay respectively. Furthermore, four positive clones were first panned through P1 peptide coated-ELISA assay, and then J-A1 was obtained and identified by PCR, ELISA-based antigenic cross reaction and Dot blotting, which could show a specific binding between P1 peptide and human ICAM-1 protein antigen. Subsequently, the purified scFv showed a satisfactory specificity and anti-adhesive activity in competitive ELISA and the cell adhesion inhibition assay. The specific anti-human ICAM-1 scFv was prepared successfully from Tomlinson I+J phage display library, which pave the way for further application of anti-human ICAM-1 scFv for inflammation diseases therapeutics.
Antibodies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; immunology ; Peptide Library ; Single-Chain Antibodies

Objective To explore feasibility of the Chinese version of MoCA for the detection of vascular cognitive impairment-no dementia (VaCIND) and control in a cross-sectional study. Methods One hundred and three Chinese Han were assessed by the MoCA and MMSE. 64 met criteria for VaCIND and 39 were considered cognitively normal. Sensitivities and specificities were calculated using the recommended cut-off scores,and ROC curve analyses were performed to determine optimal sensitivity and specificity. Results No differences were found between groups on age,gender,education degrees. According to their MoCA scores,cognitive impairments including memory,visuospatial, executive function, attention, language, and orientation sub-scores in VaCIND ((0.44 ± 0.96), (2.13 ±1.40), (1.90 ±1.02), (4.61 ±1.41), (4.23 ±1.40), (5.38 ±1.15)) significantly decreased compared with that in controls((2.92 ± 1.42) ,(3.16 ± 1.08) ,(3.32 ± 1.07) ,(5. 87 ±0.41) ,(5.34 ±0.75), (5.79 ±0. 70)) (P<0. 05). The MMSE scale was insensitive to cognitive impairment as compared with MoCA scale. Using cut-off score of 24,the MoCA exhibited excellent sensitivity (0.923) and specificity (0.906). Conclusion MoCA is a more sensitive instrument than the MMSE for the detection of VaCIND and warrants further investigation regarding its applicability in large group and varying ethnic groups.

Objective To investigate outcome and cognitive changes of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) in a follow-up study. Methods A cross-sectional and longitudinal parallel cohort study design was conducted among 109 aMCI patients and 104 matched normal controls. Multi-dimension neuropsychologic tests were used to extensively assess the cognitive function. Results The scores of neuropsychologic tests in aMCI patients were significantly lower than those in the normal controls( all P＜0.01 ) ,with the largest impairment on 20minutes delayed recall of the auditory verbal memory test ( AVMT), which reflects episodic memory ( aMCI pa-tients :2.50 ± 1.48, normal controls :7.85 ± 1.59, Z = - 12.697, P ＜ 0.01 ); AD was diagnosed in 15 of the 69aMCI patients with a prevalence rate of 22% ,but none was converted to AD in the normal controls. The cognitivechanges of performance in AVMT, CDT, MMSE of the patients in aMCI group (( 3.77 ± 60.83 )%, (6.89 ±28.24) %, (6.13 ± 16.89) % respectively) were significantly poorer than those of the controls group(( - 10.75 ±27.46) %, ( - 5.23 ± 14.05 ) %, ( - 1.11 ± 8.26 ) % respectively) ( all P ＜ 0.05 ). At baseline, demented aMCIperformed poorer in AVMT, CFT, TMT, SDMT, CDT, MMSE when compared to stable. During the follow-up, demented aMCI groups performed significantly poorer than did stable subjects in AVMT, CFT, DST, VFT, SDMT,MMSE ( all P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion aMCI is a prodromal period of AD and characterized by episodic memory impairment. The neuropsychologic test is a predictive factor for aMCI to develop AD.

OBJECTIVETo explore and compare the clinical effects of three immuno-potentiators and their influence on immune function in preventing and treating recurrent respiratory tract infection (RRI).

METHODSSeventy-two children with RRT were assigned to three groups, the 23 patients in the M group treated with milkvetch extract oral liquid, the 23 in the P group treated by P-transfer factor and the 26 in the U group treated by Utilins injection. Clinical effect was compared among three groups after treatment, and changes of T cell subgroups as well as immune antibodies were detected before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe markedly effective rate in the M, P, and U group was 69.6%, 65.2%, and 73.0% respectively, and the total effective rate 87.0%, 82.6%, and 92.3%, showing an insignificant difference among them (all P>0.05). After treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ rose obviously in the three groups (all P<0.05); levels of CD8+ in the M group and the P group lowered significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01), but with no significant difference among three groups in the changes of T cell subgroups (all P>0.05). Serum levels of IgG in all the three groups, IgA in the P group and the M group, and IgM in the M group and the U group rose significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), with statistical difference presented in comparing of IgA level in the P group with that in the other two groups (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe clinical effects and the outcomes of immunological indexes' changing are similar in RRI patients treated by the three immuno-potentiators. They all can enhance the immunological function of the organism, strengthen the disease-resistant ability of patients, and reduce the incidence of RRI. Among them, the milkvetch extract oral liquid is worthy of spreading due to its lower cost, simple administration, exemption from painful injection, and good compliance.

Administration, Oral ; Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; blood ; Infant ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Secondary Prevention ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; drug effects ; immunology ; Treatment Outcome