Objective:To describe the current status of responsive caregiving behavior of infant mothers,to analyze their influencing factors and pathways using the information-motivation-behavioral skills(IMB)model,and to provide a basis for further interventions related to responsive caregiving be-haviors and comprehensive promotion of early childhood development.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling.Questionnaires were used to collect basic information about mothers and their infants,as well as data on mothers' responsive caregiving behavior,knowledge of re-sponsive caregiving,social support,and parenting self-efficacy.Multivariate linear regression models were employed to analyze the influencing factors of responsive caregiving behavior,and structural equa-tion modeling was used to analyze the pathways of these influencing factors.The criterion for inadequate responsive caregiving is defined as scores not exceeding the lower quartile(P25)of the total score.Results:Among 510 mothers of aged 0-12 months infants in Weifang City,the average score for respon-sive caregiving behavior was 16.41±3.99.The proportion of inadequate responsive caregiving was 25.7％.Mothers in the insufficient responsive caregiving group had lower scores in knowledge(7.70±1.41),social support(57.92±15.16),and parenting self-efficacy(30.36±6.48)compared with those in the sufficient group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.001).Logistic regres-sion analysis indicated that the influencing factors for responsive caregiving included the level of know-ledge about responsive parenting[adjusted OR(aOR)=0.795,95％CI:0.566-0.838],social support(aOR=0.979,95％CI:0.961-0.996),and parenting self-efficacy(aOR=0.894,95％CI:0.857-0.932).Structural equation modeling revealed that knowledge of responsive caregiving(β=0.089,P=0.031),social support(β=0.153,P=0.001),and parenting self-efficacy(β=0.296,P＜0.001)were directly related to responsive caregiving behavior.Additionally,knowledge of responsive caregiving indirectly affected responsive caregiving behavior through parenting self-efficacy(β=0.095,P=0.014),and social support indirectly affected responsive caregiving behavior through parenting self-efficacy(β=0.497,P＜0.001).Conclusion:The current level of responsive caregiving behavior among mothers of 0-1-year-old infants in Weifang City is not satisfactory.Future development of responsive care-giving interventions should focus on providing caregivers with relevant knowledge of responsive caregiving based on their needs.Additionally,it is essential to offer social support from multiple aspects to enhance caregivers' parenting self-efficacy,thereby promoting improvements in responsive caregiving behavior.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the analgesic effects and potential mechanisms of the partial agonist of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A(5-HT1A)receptor and the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor,viladazone(Vil),in various animal models of pain.METHODS ① Mouse acetic acid writhing test:KM mice were divided into the model group,model+morphine 10 mg·kg-1 group,and model+Vil 2,4,8 mg·kg-1 groups.Thirty minutes after ig administration of saline(model group)or corresponding drugs,each group was ip injected with a 2%acetic acid aqueous solution(0.01 mL·g-1),and the writhing frequency of the mice was observed and recorded from 5 to 20 min.② Mouse formalin pain test:KM mice were divided into the model group and model+Vil 2,4 and 8 mg·kg-1 groups.Thirty minutes after ig adminis-tration of saline(model group)or drugs,20 μL of 5%formalin solution was sc injected into the right plantar region of the mice.The licking time(the sum of the duration of licking and biting the paw)of the mice was observed and recorded during two periods:the acute phase(0-5 min after sc formalin injec-tion)and the delayed phase(15-35 min after sc formalin injection).③ Rat chronic constriction injury(CCI)of the sciatic nerve experiment:SD rats successfully examined with a paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)<5 g were randomly divided into a CCI model group and a CCI model+Vil 2,4 and 8 mg·kg-1 group.Solvent(model group)or corresponding drugs were ig administered,and the PWT of the modeled side was measured at 30,60,120 and 240 min after the first administration to evaluate the acute anal-gesic effect of Vil on mechanical pain.Then,Vil was continuously ig administered for 14 d,and the PWT was measured 1 h after Vil administration on the 7th and 14th d to evaluate the long-term analgesic effect of Vil.Immunofluorescence staining was employed to analyze the expression levels of inflamma-tion-related proteins,ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(IBA-1),tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),and interleukin 1β(IL-1β),in brain tissues.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of IBA-1,TNF-α and IL-1β in the dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord in the CCI model.RESULTS ① In the mouse model of acetic acid writhing,single ig administration of morphine 10 mg·kg-1 and Vil at varied doses significantly reduced the number of writhings induced by acetic acid compared to the model group.② In the formalin-induced pain model,the average licking time of the model group was 50.5 s during the acute phase of inflammatory pain(0-5 min after intraplantar injec-tion of 5%formalin),and 347.9 s during the delayed phase of inflammatory pain(25-35 min after formalin injection).Compared to the model group,single ig administration of Vil 2-8 mg·kg-1 reduced chronic pain induced by formalin in mice,and each dose of Vil significantly decreased the licking time of mice,but had no notable impact on the licking duration exhibited by mice during acute phase.③ In the CCI model,the PWT values of CCI model rats significantly decreased compared with the control group.Pathological damage to varying extents was observed in brain slices,manifested as enlarged intercellular spaces and the appearance of vacuoles.The expression of IBA-1 in brain tissue significantly increased,while TNF-α and IL-1β hardly changed.The levels of IBA-1,TNF-α and IL-1β in the spinal dorsal root ganglion significantly increased.Compared with the CCI model,after single administration of Vil 2-8 mg·kg-1 for 60,120 and 240 min,Vil significantly reduced the PWT values.After two-week continuous administration,the PWT values in Vil 4 and 8 mg·kg-1 were significantly reduced,and Vil 2-8 mg·kg-1 could alleviate the neuropathic pain to some extent.Vil 8 mg·kg-1 significantly reduced the elevated levels of inflammatory factors compared to CCI rats.CONCLUSION The antidepressant Vil exhibits analgesic effects in mouse models of acetic acid writhing,formalin-induced inflammation,and neuropathic pain induced by CCI in rats,with a more pronounced effect on neuropathic pain.The mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory pathways of IBA-1.

Objective Based on the sampling test of national drugs,the quality of Huatan Pingchuan tablets was systematically evaluated,and the quality problems were analyzed to provide references and suggestions for the quality control of this variety and to improve its quality standard.Methods A total of 157 batches of samples were tested according to the statutory standard,and based on the testing results and prescription characteristics,microscopic identification and comprehensive analysis of its quality using thin-layer chromatography,high-performance liquid chromatography,and other methods were subsequently established or improved for the exploratory research.Results The established thin-layer chromatography identification for Radix Scutellariae,as well as the content determination methods for Radix Scutellariae,Syringae Cortex,and promethazine hydrochloride,are easy to operate and have good durability and specificity and can be applied to the quality control and evaluation of Huatan Pingchuan tablets.Conclusions The overall quality of the tablets is average;some enterprises should strengthen the quality control of raw medicinal materials(decoction pieces);individual enterprises have significant differences in the quality of samples from different batches,so they need to pay attention to the quality of raw materials and the stability of production processes;the inspection items of the current standards cannot fully reflect the key quality attributes of drugs,and standards improvement work needs to be carried out.

Objective To explore the relationship between hemorheology and Carotid Atherosclerosis.Methods The clinical data of 153 patients who underwent both hemorheological testing and carotid artery ultrasound were divided into a CAS group(n=96)and a non-CAS group(n=57)based on ultrasound findings.Clinical data and laboratory indicators were compared between two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of CAS.The ROC curves graph were drawn to observe the role of hemorheological indicators in predicting CAS and select the optimal cutoff value based on the maximum Youden index.Results The CAS group demonstrated higher levels in age,BMI,RBC aggregation index,low&high shear reduced viscosity of whole blood,plasma viscosity and fibrinogen compared to the non-CAS group(P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that plasma viscosity(OR=38.270,95%CI:1.206～1214.508),age(OR=1.119,95%CI:1.065～1.176)were risk factors for the occurrence of CAS(P<0.05).The ROC curves showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of plasma viscosity and age were 0.623、0.728.Conclusion CAS patients have high levels of plasma viscosity and advanged age compared to the patient without CAS.Elevated plasma viscosity and age is a risk factor for CAS,with plasma viscosity≥1.46 mPa·s,over the age of 56.5 as a significant value for predicting CAS.

To investigate the awareness of cognitive impairment disorders among residents of the Xizang Autonomous Region and its influencing factors, thereby providing a basis for targeted prevention and treatment efforts.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of different exercise therapies on postoperative joint function in patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), so as to provide evidence-based evidence for clinical medical staff to choose the best exercise therapy.Methods:China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials of different exercise therapies in patients after TKA from inception to April 1, 2024. Stata 17.0 software was used for network Meta-analysis.Results:A total of 38 articles were included, with 2 921 patients after TKA, exercise therapies involved passive exercise, suspension exercise, Otago exercise, cycling exercise, resistance training, proprioceptive training, virtual reality training, muscle strength training, balance training and motor imagery training. The results of network Meta-analysis showed that in terms of improvement in Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS), the top 3 ranking results of surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) were cycling (96.0%)>resistance training (84.2%)>proprioceptive training (64.2%). In terms of improvement in Western Ontario McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), the top 3 SUCRA ranking results were resistance training (99.5%)>motor visualization training (72.3%)>balance training (61.6%). In terms of improvement in pain score, the top 3 SUCRA ranking results were resistance training (70.9%)>motor imagination training (68.1%)>virtual reality training (64.3%). In terms of improvement in Berg Balance Scale, the top 3 SUCRA ranking results were balance training (89.8%)>virtual reality training (83.5%)>proprioceptive training (55.9%). In terms of improvement of knee flexion range of motion, the top 3 SUCRA ranking results were suspension exercise (82.2%)>proprioceptive training (68.4%)>Otago exercise (63.9%).Conclusions:Cycling exercise is the best exercise therapy to improve HSS, resistance training is the best exercise therapy to reduce WOMAC and relieve pain, balance training is the best exercise therapy to improve balance function, suspension exercise is the best exercise therapy to increase knee flexion range of motion, the above 4 exercise therapy have advantages in improving knee function of patients after TKA.

Purpose To investigate the cortical thickness features in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients at various stages and their association with dopamine transporter(DAT)levels in the putamen.Materials and Methods We retrospectively enrolled 30 PD patients and 15 healthy subject who underwent 11C-CFT PET and T1 MRI scans at the Department of Nuclear Medicine/PET Center of Huashan Hospital from August 2016 to October 2020.DAT average radioactivity in the anterior and posterior putamen was analysis using SPM12 software,with the occipital lobe as the reference region.Cortical segmentation and reconstruction were performed on T1 images using Freesurfer v7.2.The differences in cortical thinning between the groups were compared using a general linear model.Additionally,the relationship between cortical thickness in various brain regions and DAT uptake in the putamen were assessed.Results Compared to healthy subjects,significant cortical thinning was observed in the left inferior parietal lobule and the right and left inferior middle frontal gyrus of PD patients(all P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the cortical thickness of the left inferior parietal lobule and right inferior middle frontal gyrus and DAT uptake in the corresponding anterior/posterior parts of the putamen(r=0.30-0.47,all P<0.05).Furthermore,the DAT uptake in the right precentral gyrus was positively correlated with the ipsilateral posterior putamen,exhibiting a stronger correlation than on the contralateral side(r=0.32,P=0.029).Conclusion The results show that the thickness of the thinning cortex area in the PD patients correlates significantly positively with DAT levels in the putamen,highlighting the importance of the basal ganglia cortical circuit and providing a basis for further research into the neural mechanisms of PD.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the analgesic effects and potential mechanisms of the partial agonist of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A(5-HT1A)receptor and the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor,viladazone(Vil),in various animal models of pain.METHODS ① Mouse acetic acid writhing test:KM mice were divided into the model group,model+morphine 10 mg·kg-1 group,and model+Vil 2,4,8 mg·kg-1 groups.Thirty minutes after ig administration of saline(model group)or corresponding drugs,each group was ip injected with a 2%acetic acid aqueous solution(0.01 mL·g-1),and the writhing frequency of the mice was observed and recorded from 5 to 20 min.② Mouse formalin pain test:KM mice were divided into the model group and model+Vil 2,4 and 8 mg·kg-1 groups.Thirty minutes after ig adminis-tration of saline(model group)or drugs,20 μL of 5%formalin solution was sc injected into the right plantar region of the mice.The licking time(the sum of the duration of licking and biting the paw)of the mice was observed and recorded during two periods:the acute phase(0-5 min after sc formalin injec-tion)and the delayed phase(15-35 min after sc formalin injection).③ Rat chronic constriction injury(CCI)of the sciatic nerve experiment:SD rats successfully examined with a paw withdrawal threshold(PWT)<5 g were randomly divided into a CCI model group and a CCI model+Vil 2,4 and 8 mg·kg-1 group.Solvent(model group)or corresponding drugs were ig administered,and the PWT of the modeled side was measured at 30,60,120 and 240 min after the first administration to evaluate the acute anal-gesic effect of Vil on mechanical pain.Then,Vil was continuously ig administered for 14 d,and the PWT was measured 1 h after Vil administration on the 7th and 14th d to evaluate the long-term analgesic effect of Vil.Immunofluorescence staining was employed to analyze the expression levels of inflamma-tion-related proteins,ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1(IBA-1),tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),and interleukin 1β(IL-1β),in brain tissues.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the levels of IBA-1,TNF-α and IL-1β in the dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord in the CCI model.RESULTS ① In the mouse model of acetic acid writhing,single ig administration of morphine 10 mg·kg-1 and Vil at varied doses significantly reduced the number of writhings induced by acetic acid compared to the model group.② In the formalin-induced pain model,the average licking time of the model group was 50.5 s during the acute phase of inflammatory pain(0-5 min after intraplantar injec-tion of 5%formalin),and 347.9 s during the delayed phase of inflammatory pain(25-35 min after formalin injection).Compared to the model group,single ig administration of Vil 2-8 mg·kg-1 reduced chronic pain induced by formalin in mice,and each dose of Vil significantly decreased the licking time of mice,but had no notable impact on the licking duration exhibited by mice during acute phase.③ In the CCI model,the PWT values of CCI model rats significantly decreased compared with the control group.Pathological damage to varying extents was observed in brain slices,manifested as enlarged intercellular spaces and the appearance of vacuoles.The expression of IBA-1 in brain tissue significantly increased,while TNF-α and IL-1β hardly changed.The levels of IBA-1,TNF-α and IL-1β in the spinal dorsal root ganglion significantly increased.Compared with the CCI model,after single administration of Vil 2-8 mg·kg-1 for 60,120 and 240 min,Vil significantly reduced the PWT values.After two-week continuous administration,the PWT values in Vil 4 and 8 mg·kg-1 were significantly reduced,and Vil 2-8 mg·kg-1 could alleviate the neuropathic pain to some extent.Vil 8 mg·kg-1 significantly reduced the elevated levels of inflammatory factors compared to CCI rats.CONCLUSION The antidepressant Vil exhibits analgesic effects in mouse models of acetic acid writhing,formalin-induced inflammation,and neuropathic pain induced by CCI in rats,with a more pronounced effect on neuropathic pain.The mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of inflammatory pathways of IBA-1.

Purpose To investigate the cortical thickness features in Parkinson's disease(PD)patients at various stages and their association with dopamine transporter(DAT)levels in the putamen.Materials and Methods We retrospectively enrolled 30 PD patients and 15 healthy subject who underwent 11C-CFT PET and T1 MRI scans at the Department of Nuclear Medicine/PET Center of Huashan Hospital from August 2016 to October 2020.DAT average radioactivity in the anterior and posterior putamen was analysis using SPM12 software,with the occipital lobe as the reference region.Cortical segmentation and reconstruction were performed on T1 images using Freesurfer v7.2.The differences in cortical thinning between the groups were compared using a general linear model.Additionally,the relationship between cortical thickness in various brain regions and DAT uptake in the putamen were assessed.Results Compared to healthy subjects,significant cortical thinning was observed in the left inferior parietal lobule and the right and left inferior middle frontal gyrus of PD patients(all P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the cortical thickness of the left inferior parietal lobule and right inferior middle frontal gyrus and DAT uptake in the corresponding anterior/posterior parts of the putamen(r=0.30-0.47,all P<0.05).Furthermore,the DAT uptake in the right precentral gyrus was positively correlated with the ipsilateral posterior putamen,exhibiting a stronger correlation than on the contralateral side(r=0.32,P=0.029).Conclusion The results show that the thickness of the thinning cortex area in the PD patients correlates significantly positively with DAT levels in the putamen,highlighting the importance of the basal ganglia cortical circuit and providing a basis for further research into the neural mechanisms of PD.

Objective:To describe the current status of responsive caregiving behavior of infant mothers,to analyze their influencing factors and pathways using the information-motivation-behavioral skills(IMB)model,and to provide a basis for further interventions related to responsive caregiving be-haviors and comprehensive promotion of early childhood development.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling.Questionnaires were used to collect basic information about mothers and their infants,as well as data on mothers' responsive caregiving behavior,knowledge of re-sponsive caregiving,social support,and parenting self-efficacy.Multivariate linear regression models were employed to analyze the influencing factors of responsive caregiving behavior,and structural equa-tion modeling was used to analyze the pathways of these influencing factors.The criterion for inadequate responsive caregiving is defined as scores not exceeding the lower quartile(P25)of the total score.Results:Among 510 mothers of aged 0-12 months infants in Weifang City,the average score for respon-sive caregiving behavior was 16.41±3.99.The proportion of inadequate responsive caregiving was 25.7％.Mothers in the insufficient responsive caregiving group had lower scores in knowledge(7.70±1.41),social support(57.92±15.16),and parenting self-efficacy(30.36±6.48)compared with those in the sufficient group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.001).Logistic regres-sion analysis indicated that the influencing factors for responsive caregiving included the level of know-ledge about responsive parenting[adjusted OR(aOR)=0.795,95％CI:0.566-0.838],social support(aOR=0.979,95％CI:0.961-0.996),and parenting self-efficacy(aOR=0.894,95％CI:0.857-0.932).Structural equation modeling revealed that knowledge of responsive caregiving(β=0.089,P=0.031),social support(β=0.153,P=0.001),and parenting self-efficacy(β=0.296,P＜0.001)were directly related to responsive caregiving behavior.Additionally,knowledge of responsive caregiving indirectly affected responsive caregiving behavior through parenting self-efficacy(β=0.095,P=0.014),and social support indirectly affected responsive caregiving behavior through parenting self-efficacy(β=0.497,P＜0.001).Conclusion:The current level of responsive caregiving behavior among mothers of 0-1-year-old infants in Weifang City is not satisfactory.Future development of responsive care-giving interventions should focus on providing caregivers with relevant knowledge of responsive caregiving based on their needs.Additionally,it is essential to offer social support from multiple aspects to enhance caregivers' parenting self-efficacy,thereby promoting improvements in responsive caregiving behavior.