On August 31， 2025， the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver （APASL） updated and released management of acute variceal bleeding： updated APASL guidelines （2025 edition）， which systematically elaborates on the definition， diagnosis， assessment， and treatment of acute variceal bleeding. This article gives an excerpt of the recommendations in this guideline.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the relationship between high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and the composition of vaginal microecology. It will analyze the efficacy of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine intervention in treating HR-HPV infection, as well as the effects of this combined approach on vaginal microecology. Additionally, the study seeks to identify new methods to inhibit the malignant progression of cervical intraepithelial lesions.Methods:A prospective study was conducted involving 100 patients with HR-HPV infection who visited the Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine from April to June 2023. The participants were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 50 patients in each group using a random number table method. The control group received interferon treatment, while the observation group was treated with a combination of interferon and Yanfukang Lotion. High-throughput DNA sequencing of vaginal secretions was conducted to compare the differences in pre- and post-treatment vaginal microecological composition and the rate of HR-HPV clearance between the two groups. Results:In the observation group, both the diversity index and the abundance of vaginal microecology showed significant improvements compared with the control group, particularly in the abundance of dominant Lactobacillus species. These differences were statistically significant ( R = 0.124, 0.304, 0.030, all P < 0.05). The rates of HR-HPV clearance and overall effective rate (clearance + effective) in the observation group were 44% (22/50) and 68% (34/50), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [20% (10/50), 32% (16/50), χ2 = 12.98, both P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (χ2 = 1.76, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The combination of interferon and Yanfukang Lotion effectively treats HR-HPV infection by regulating the composition of vaginal microecology. This approach shows considerable efficacy and good safety, indicating its potential for further clinical application.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the relationship between high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and the composition of vaginal microecology. It will analyze the efficacy of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine intervention in treating HR-HPV infection, as well as the effects of this combined approach on vaginal microecology. Additionally, the study seeks to identify new methods to inhibit the malignant progression of cervical intraepithelial lesions.Methods:A prospective study was conducted involving 100 patients with HR-HPV infection who visited the Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine from April to June 2023. The participants were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 50 patients in each group using a random number table method. The control group received interferon treatment, while the observation group was treated with a combination of interferon and Yanfukang Lotion. High-throughput DNA sequencing of vaginal secretions was conducted to compare the differences in pre- and post-treatment vaginal microecological composition and the rate of HR-HPV clearance between the two groups. Results:In the observation group, both the diversity index and the abundance of vaginal microecology showed significant improvements compared with the control group, particularly in the abundance of dominant Lactobacillus species. These differences were statistically significant ( R = 0.124, 0.304, 0.030, all P < 0.05). The rates of HR-HPV clearance and overall effective rate (clearance + effective) in the observation group were 44% (22/50) and 68% (34/50), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group [20% (10/50), 32% (16/50), χ2 = 12.98, both P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (χ2 = 1.76, P > 0.05). Conclusion:The combination of interferon and Yanfukang Lotion effectively treats HR-HPV infection by regulating the composition of vaginal microecology. This approach shows considerable efficacy and good safety, indicating its potential for further clinical application.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the leading cause of abnormal liver enzymes in healthy individuals in China. Due to the complex pathogenesis of NAFLD, no consensus has been reached on the treatment of this disease. However, in recent years, more and more studies have put forward more pathogeneses and corresponding treatment recommendations. This article introduces and summarizes the research advances in the treatment of NAFLD, including lifestyle intervention, drug treatment, eradication of Helicobacter pylori, surgical treatment, regulation of intestinal microecology, and gene therapy.