Objective: To conduct network analysis of biased constitution to provide theoretical basis for daily health management. Methods: Purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods were used to collect the required data via a web-based questionnaire from February 3rd, 2022 to January 21st, 2023. The tendency scores of 8 biased constitutions (qi-deficiency type, yang-deficiency type, yin-deficiency type, phlegm-dampness type, damp-heat type, blood-stasis type, qi-depression type, and special diathesis type) were evaluated by 30-Item Short Version of Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted in R. The qgraph package was used to construct network analysis models and calculate the edge weight, namely regularised partial correlation coefficients (r) and centrality coefficients (including strength, closeness, betweenness and expected influence), while mgm was used to calculate the predictability of each node within the network. The ggplot2 package was used to visualize network analysis result, and bootnet was applied to assess the structural reliability and robustness of the network, including the r accuracy assessment, the stability assessment of the centrality coefficients, and the difference test result of node centrality coefficients. Results: A total of 3, 691 valid samples were obtained from the survey. The result of the network analysis showed that: (1) the strength of the association between phlegm dampness type and damp-heat type (r=0.370), qi-deficiency type and qi-depression type (r =0.315), qi-deficiency type and special diathesis type (r=0.260), qi-deficiency type and phlegm-dampness type (r=0.247), and the phlegm-dampness type and qi-depression type (r=0.247) was high. (2) The centrality of phlegm-dampness type and qi-deficiency type was the strongest, and the differences between the centrality coefficients of phlegm-dampness type and qi-deficiency type were not significant. There were no other nodes where all 4 centrality coefficients were not significantly different from qi-deficiency type and phlegm-dampness type, and the predictability of phlegm-dampness type and qi-deficiency type was the highest. (3)The result of the r accuracy assessment showed that the r of this network did not differ significantly from the average of multiple samples, so the r accuracy of this network was high. (4) Correlation stability(CS) coefficient of the four centrality indicators were CS Strength=0.59, CS Closeness=0.75, CS Betweenness=0.75, and CS Expected influence=0.75. This indicated that the stability of the centrality indicators of this network was very good. Conclusion Complex connections exist between various biased constitutions, and phlegm-dampness type and qi-deficiency type are the two key biased constitutions in the entire biased constitution.

Phage immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP-Seq) is a high-throughput and low-cost method for analyzing the specific binding of target proteins to peptide libraries. The method uses oligonucleotide library synthesis (OLS) to encode proteome-scale peptide libraries for display on phages, and then immunoprecipitates these library phages with target proteins (such as antibodies) for subsequent analysis by high-throughput DNA sequencing. PhIP-Seq enables the screening of peptide targets that react specifically with hundreds of proteins or pathogens. PhIP-Seq has been successfully applied in various fields such as disease detection, screening of autoimmune disease biomarkers, vaccine development, and allergen detection, becoming a high-throughput diagnostic technology. This article systematically describes the development, applications, and result evaluation of PhIP-Seq, in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the application and future development prospects of this technology in various fields.
Peptide Library ; Humans ; Immunoprecipitation/methods* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods* ; Bacteriophages/genetics*

Objective: To explore the network structure characteristics and core items of rural middle school students suffering from campus bullying and anxiety symptoms, so as to provide a reference basis for the precise prevention and intervention of the comorbidity of campus bullying and anxiety symptoms. Methods: From September 2021 to March 2022, a multi stage random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 920 rural middle school students from Xuzhou. The Chinese version of the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire was used to investigate the situation of campus bullying, and the Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) was used to assess anxiety symptoms. The network analysis method was used to construct the network between suffering from campus bullying and anxiety symptoms of rural middle school students to evaluate the centrality, bridge strength, stability and accuracy of each item. Results: The total score of suffering from campus bullying symptoms of rural middle school students was (10.42±3.26) points, and the total score of anxiety symptoms was (11.47±4.93) points. The symptom with the highest strength and expected influence was "unable to stop or control one s worry emotions", and the node strength and expected influence value was 1.041 7. The nodes "feel nervous, anxious or irritable" and "unable to stop or control one s worry emotions" were most closely related. The symptoms with the highest bridge strength were "others give me ugly nicknames to scold me or make fun of and satirize me" and "unable to stop or control one s worry emotions". Conclusions Rural middle school students suffering from campus bullying is related to anxiety symptoms. Accurate intervention according to the intervention targets may minimize the negative impact of suffering from campus bullying and anxiety symptoms on rural middle school students.

Objective To investigate the expression level,diagnostic value and correlation of miR-497-5p and human fibroblast growth factor-2(FGF-2)in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods The clinical data of 50 patients with first diagnosed AD and 37 normal subjects(control group)were collected,among which AD patients were divided into mild AD group(n=18),moder-ate AD group(n=18)and severe AD group(n=14).The expression level of miR-497-5p was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and FGF-2 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Mini-mental state examination(MMSE)was used to evaluate the cognitive function of AD patients,and the correlation between miR-497-5p and MMSE and FGF-2 levels was analyzed.The diagnostic efficacy of miR-497-5p and FGF-2 levels for AD was evaluated using receiv-er operator characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Compared with the control group and mild AD group,the expression levels of miR-497-5p in moderate and severe AD groups were significantly increased(P＜0.01),and the level of FGF-2 was significantly decreased(P＜0.01).MiR-497-5p in AD group was negatively correlated with MMSE score and FGF-2 level(r were-0.724 and-0.748,P＜0.01).ROC curve analysis results showed that miR-497-5p,FGF-2 and their combined indexes had higher area under the curve,sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of moderate and severe AD and in the differentiation of mild and moderate AD,as well as mild and severe AD,and the combined indexes of miR-497-5p and FGF-2had the best diagnostic and differential efficacy.Conclusion Serum miR-497-5p is up-regulated and FGF-2 level is down-regulated in patients with moderate and severe AD.The combined detection of miR-497-5P and FGF-2has certain diagnostic value for moderate and severe AD and provides certain reference.

Objective To evaluate the impact of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)-Ribbond fi-bers,when combined with different restorative materials,on fracture resistance and marginal adaptation of isolated pri-mary molar defects,to provide a reference for clinical practice.Methods This study was approved by the Ethics Re-view Committee.A total of 72 extracted primary molars with complete crowns were collected,and 66 primary molars were randomly assigned as experimental groups for the fracture resistance and microleakage tests.The molars were di-vided into six groups(n=11)based on the type of restorative materials and the application of Ribbond fibers:Group A1,3M Filtek Z250+Ribbond;Group A2,3M Filtek Z250;Group B1,Beautifil Ⅱ LS+Ribbond;Group B2,Beautifil Ⅱ LS;Group C1,3M Filtek Bulk Fill+Ribbond;and Group C2,3M Filtek Bulk Fill.Groups A1,B1 and C1 received the fiber-reinforcing technique,whereas Groups A2,B2 and C2 received the direct restorative technique;the remainings were in Group D(blank control group),which did not receive treatment for the fracture resistance test.The fracture re-sistance test was divided into six experimental groups and one blank control group(n=6).Primary molar teeth in each experimental group were prepared with Class Ⅱ cavities and filled.The fracture load of all samples was detected,and the fracture mode was analyzed after thermal cycling.The microleakage test was divided into six experimental groups,with five in each group.Class Ⅰ cavities with a diameter of 3 mm and depth of 2.5 mm were prepared within the mesial and distal marginal ridges on the occlusal surface and filled for primary molars in each group.Marginal microleakage was assessed after thermal cycling.Results The fracture resistance test results showed that the fracture resistance in groups that received the fiber-reinforcing technique was greater than that in groups that received the direct restorative technique:Group A1>Group A2,Group B1>Group B2,Group C1>Group C2(P<0.05).The application of Ribbond fibers increased fracture resistance to all tested restorative materials by 37.08％to 39.34％.The proportion of tooth frac-ture decreased significantly in groups A1,C1 compared with A2,C2,with a significant increase in the occurrence rate of"Repairable"(P<0.05).The fracture resistance in Group A1 was significantly greater than that in Group B1 and Group C1(P<0.05).The marginal microleakage test results showed that the microleakage depth in groups that received the fiber-reinforcing technique was smaller than that in groups that received the direct restorative technique:Group A1

Objective To summarize the occurrence of complications in renal graft biopsy,and to analyze the indications for puncture and types of pathological diagnosis.Methods The data of 703 samples of ultrasound-guided renal graft biopsy from 644 kidney transplant recipients from January 1,2017,to December 31,2022 was retrospectively analyzed.The puncture qualification rate,complications,indicative biopsy indications and pathological diagnosis types were analyzed.The application of surveillance biopsy and pathological diagnosis were also analyzed.Results The qualification rate of renal tissue puncture biopsy was 99.9％,and the complications of puncture bleeding included one sample of perinephric hematoma and one sample of hematuria.Increased serum creatinine(76.8％)and proteinuria(13.8％)were the main indications for puncture,and 48 samples(6.8％)were surveillance biopsy for the assessment of therapeutic effects.A total of 399 samples of pathological diagnosis of rejection,including 293 samples of cellular rejection reaction,60 samples of antibody rejection reaction,and 46 samples of mixed rejection reaction.One hundred and ninety-five samples of recurrence or new-onset kidney disease,mainly including 144 samples of IgA nephropathy and 42 samples of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.Fifty-seven samples of infection related kidney disease,including 56 samples of BK virus-associated nephropathy(BKVAN).Thirty-one samples of calcineurin inhibitor(CN1)nephrotoxicity injury,including 15 samples of acute CNI nephrotoxicity injury and 16 samples of chronic CNI nephrotoxicity injury.Forty-five samples for other diagnoses.Conclusions The success rate and safety of renal graft biopsy are high,and at present,cellular rejection reaction is still the main pathological diagnosis of indicative biopsy for renal graft.

Objective To explore the effects of biased constitutions on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and mechanisms of the role of sleep quality in the relationship between biased constitutions and HRQOL.Methods Data collected from the propulation of Beijing and Shijiazhuang,Hebei province for health check-up from March 2015 to December 2016. The biased constitutions were evaluated using the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ) score;CCMQ consists of gentleness type (A type),qi-deficiency type (B type),yang-deficiency type (C type),yin-deficiency type (D type),phlegm-wetness type (E type),wet-heat type (F type),blood-stasis type (G type),qi-depression type (H type),and special diathesis type (I type),the eight constitutions except A type are classified as biased constitution (BC),Sleep quality (SQ) was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). HRQOL was evaluated using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Pearson's correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation among the eight BCs,SQ,and HRQOL,and the structural equation model was further constructed to explore the effects of the eight BCs on HRQOL and the mediating effect of SQ.Results A total of 2,170 samples were included in the database. Finally,1,982 samples were included as study subjects after excluding 188 unqualified samples. The SF-36 and PSQI scores of the samples were 79.73±12.89 and 4.29±2.66,respectively,and the scores for the eight BCs were 27.46±14.84,25.12±19.17,23.55±14.99,21.57±15.20,23.67±15.49,21.68±14.49,22.00±16.14,and 16.13±14.19 for B,C,D,E,F,G,H,and I types,respectively. The result of Pearson's correlation analysis showed that all biased constitution scores were negatively correlated with the SF-36 score (r=-0.562 to-0.327,P<0.01),and were positively correlated with the PSQI score (r=0.272 to 0.431,P<0.01),and PSQI score was negatively correlated with the SF-36 score (r=-0.471,P<0.01). The result of the structural equation model showed that all biased constitutions had a negative effect on HRQOL and that the mediating role of SQ in the relationship between eight BCs and HRQOL was all statistically significant. The total effects of the eight BCs on HRQOL were-0.776,-0.528,-0.603,-0.684,-0.596,-0.678,-0.751,and-0.452 for the B,C,D,E,F,G,H,and I types,respectively. Moreover,the absolute effects of the B and H types were significantly higher than in other BCs;the mediation effect of SQ was-0.242,-0.272,-0.291,-0.261,-0.265,-0.395,-0.203,and-0.287 for the B,C,D,E,F,G,H,and I types,respectively,the absolute value of the mediation effect between G type and HRQOL was significantly higher than that of other BCs. Conclusion The eight BCs had negative effects on HRQOL,and SQ played a mediator role in the relationship between the eight BCs and HRQOL.

The pursuit of cosmetic effects in post-surgical wounds has led to the development of ultra-minimally invasive techniques in surgery. Minimal invasive surgery has replaced open surgery and has become the new gold-standard for treating diseases. One such technique is the single incision triangulated umbilicus surgery (SITUS), which offers several advantages over traditional laparoscopic and other scarless surgeries, including reduced trauma, faster recovery, and better cosmetic outcomes. SITUS also has a short learning curve, aligns with conventional instrumentation operating habits, and can be used for whole abdominal surgeries. Chinese scholars have made further improvements to the SITUS technology, including expanding its applicability in intra-abdominal surgery and refining its incision closure methods to achieve superior cosmetic results. Currently, SITUS technology is experiencing rapid development in urology applications and has demonstrated satisfactory results in both domestic and international reports. This review aims to discuss the effectiveness and development of the SITUS technique in urology.

Objective:To explore the attitude of kidney transplant (KT) recipients towards xenotransplantation and explore its related influencing factors to provide auxiliary references for the clinical research of xenotransplantation in China.Methods:The questionnaire data of "Attitude survey of KT recipients towards xenotransplantation" were collected from 194 KT recipients followed up at Organ Transplant Center of Affiliated Tongji Hospital. Nonparametric tests were utilized for comparing score differences and χ2 tests for comparing responses to specific questions. Variables with statistical significance in non-parametric test were included into multifactor linear regression analysis for exploring the influencing factors of recipients' attitudes towards xenotransplantation. Results:KT recipients had a higher score (75 points) on attitude scale of xenotransplantation. "Cognitive preference" dimension scored the highest (85 points); "Fear of risk" dimension scored lowest (50 points). The results of univariate analysis indicated that gender ( P=0.020), medical background ( P=0.006) and knowledge of clinical trial cases ( P<0.001) were the influencing factors of score of cognitive preference. Educational background ( P=0.029) was the factor affecting the score of "risk concern" dimension. Age ( P=0.028) and knowledge of clinical trial cases ( P=0.001) were the factors influencing the score of "psychosocial" dimension. Whether medical background ( P=0.018) and knowledge of clinical trial cases ( P=0.008) were the factors influencing the score of "efficacy expectation" dimension; Gender ( P=0.010), medical background ( P=0.018) and knowledge of clinical trial cases ( P=0.008) were the factors influencing total score. The results of multi-factor analysis revealed that gender ( B=-0.821, 95% CI: -1.419~0.223, P=0.007), medical background ( B=0.938, 95% CI: 0.097~1.779, P=0.029) and knowledge of clinical trials of xenotransplantation in the United States ( B=1.498, 95% CI: 0.887~2.110, P<0.001) was the influencing factor of cognitive preference. Educational background (B=-0.693, 95% CI: -1.353~-0.034, P=0.040) was the influencing factor of score on "risk concern" dimension. Knowledge of clinical trials of xenotransplantation in the United States ( B=1.075, 95% CI: 0.418~1.731, P=0.001) was an influencing factor of score on "social psychological" dimension; Knowledge of clinical trials of xenotransplantation in the United States ( B=0.710, 95% CI: 0.063~1.358, P=0.032) was an influencing factor of score on "efficacy expectation" dimension; Gender ( B=-2.259, 95% CI: -4.094~-0.423, P=0.016), medical background ( B=2.799, 95% CI: 0.219~5.378, P=0.034) and knowledge of clinical trials of xenotransplantation in the United States ( B=3.237, 95% CI: 1.360~5.114, P=0.001) were the influencing factors of total score. Conclusions:KT recipients have a higher awareness rate of xenotransplantation and a better acceptance of xenotransplantation in general. Those males with medical background and knowing clinical cases of xenotransplantation demonstrate a better attitude towards xenotransplantation. More concerned about the risk of infection, respondents expect heterologous pig kidneys to achieve the same long-term survival as allogeneic kidneys.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of daratumumab in late antibody-mediated rejection (late AMR) after kidney transplantation (KT).Methods:From December 2020 to December 2021, the relevant clinical data were reviewed for 8 patients with late AMR after receiving daratumumab at Affiliated Tongji Hospital. In intensive phase, the combination of plasma exchange (PP)/intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and daratumumab were dosed once a week; in maintenance phase, once every 2 to 4 weeks. The levels of donor-specific antibody (DSA) and renal function were compared pre-treatment and Month 3/12 post-treatment. The treatment-related toxicities were observed. Independent sample T test was utilized for inter-group comparison.Results:The median treatment course during intensive period was 9(4-17) sessions. Maintenance treatment lasted for 5 to 19 months and 2 cases withdrew after 5 to 6 treatments for achieving antibody clearance. A total of 11 DSAs were detected in 8 recipients. At Month 3/12, mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of DSA was 6 016±4 775 and 6 438±3 668. Both were significantly lower than 11 944±5 237 pre-treatment and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.012, 0.004). Seven recipients achieved stable renal function during treatment and one recipient resumed hemodialysis at Month 18 due to acute rejection. Glomerular filtration rate of 7 recipients was (40.6±20.1), (53.6±20.9) and (49.0±17.2) ml·min -1· (1.73 m 2) -1 pre-treatment and Month 3/12 and no significant differences existed among different timepoints. During follow-ups, 2 cases developed mild nasal congestion during an early stage of daratumumab infusion while the remainders had no obvious discomfort during infusion and tolerance was decent. Conclusion:Early combination of daratumumab with PP/IVIG, followed by a course of daratumumab has demonstrated an excellent antibody reduction effect on late AMR. During treatment, renal function remains generally stable.