Objective To develop an expert consensus on the subcutaneous injection of targeted drugs for breast cancer,to guide clinical nursing practice.Methods A consensus building group was established to create the initial draft of the consensus based on a review of literature.From December 2023 to February 2024,a total of 84 experts from various fields including breast cancer clinical nursing or medical practice,pharmacology,cancer hospital nursing or medical management were invited to participate in 2 rounds of expert letter consultations.Additionally,an on-site expert discussion meeting and an online expert finalization meeting were conducted to finalize the draft"consensus".Results The finalized consensus includes sections covering basic drug introduction,drug injection nursing(injection personnel,injection preparation,injection points,observation and recording after injection),nursing care for adverse reactions,patient education and follow-up.Conclusion This consensus is scientific and practical.It can serve as a valuable reference for clinical practice related to subcutaneous therapy using targeted drugs for breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of electroacupuncture-mediated PTEN-induced kinase 1(PINK 1)/Parkin signal pathway activation in treating functional dyspepsia model rats.Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control(n=8)and the modeling groups(n=28)using the random number table method.The functional dyspepsia model was established using the compound etiology modeling method.After successful modeling,24 rats were divided into the model,electroacupuncture,and mosapride groups using the random number table method,with eight rats per group.The blank group was not intervened.The electroacupuncture,mosapride,and model groups were bound for 30 min,and only the electroacupuncture group was administered"Neiguan"(PC 6)and"Gongsun"(SP 4)while bound.The electroacupuncture and model groups were administered the same amount of normal saline,and the mosapride group was given mosapride citrate solution(1.35 mg/kg).The above intervention method were performed once a day for 7 consecutive days to observe the general condition of rats.Gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion experiments were used to observe gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate in each group of rats.The interstitial cells of the Cajal(ICC)ultrastructure of gastric antrum were observed under a transmission electron microscope.The protein and mRNA expressions of C-kit proto-oncogene protein(C-kit),microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)Ⅱ/Ⅰ,ubiquitin-binding protein p62(p62),Bcl-2 interacting protein 1(Beclin1),PINK1,and Parkin were detected using Western blotting and real-time fluorescence PCR.Results Compared with the blank group,the rats in the model group exhibited lethargy,dull and dry fur,sluggish responses,and substantial decreases in food intake and body weight.Their feces alternated between dry and loose consistency.Furthermore,the gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion rates were reduced(P<0.01).The ultrastructural morphology of ICC and their mitochondria in the gastric antrum tissue showed apparent damage.The protein and mRNA expressions of C-kit and p62 were decreased(P<0.01),whereas those of PINK1,Parkin,Beclin1,and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ were increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the rats in the electroacupuncture and mosapride groups showed notable improvements in their mental state,with neat fur,enhanced activity and responsiveness,gradual increases in food intake and body weight,and well-formed feces.Additionally,the gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion rates increased(P<0.01).The ultrastructural morphology of ICC and their mitochondria in the gastric antrum tissue were notably improved.The protein and mRNA expressions of C-kit and p62 were increased(P<0.01),whereas those of PINK1,Parkin,Beclin1,and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰwere decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture improves the gastrointestinal motility of functional dyspepsia rats,and its mechanism may be related to upregulating C-kit and p62 expression,downregulating PINK1,Parkin,Beclin1,and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ expression,inhibiting abnormal PINK1/Parkin signal pathway activation,and blocking the excessive mitophagy of ICC.

Objective:To investigate the longitudinal stability of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and the Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL).Methods:The longitudinal cognitive assessment results of 68 dementia patients admitted to the Dementia and Leukoencephalopathy Outpatient Clinic, Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, from January 2021 to January 2024, were retrospectively analyzed, including the total and sub-items scores of the MMSE, MoCA, and ADL. Two different rules were applied to analyze the abnormality rates: rule 1, where the current test result being better than the previous one was considered an abnormality; rule 2, where the current test result being better than the previous average score was considered an abnormality (If a patient had only 2 cognitive assessments, rule 2 was considered the same as rule 1). Two rules were used to analyze the abnormality rates of the scales. The statistical analyses were repeated after excluding patients with possible anxiety and depression status.Results:In assessing the total score stability, MMSE showed the lowest abnormality rates [27.2% (31/114) under rule 1 and 29.8% (34/114) under rule 2], while MoCA had the highest abnormality rates [41.3% (26/63) and 46.0% (29/63), respectively]. The ADL abnormality rates were 27.7% (23/83) and 33.7% (28/83), respectively. Among MoCA sub-items, category cue, multiple choice cue, second memory trial, orientation, and clock showed higher abnormality rates [31.7%(20/63), 30.2%(19/63), 23.8%(15/63), 22.2%(14/63), 22.2%(14/63), respectively]. After excluding population with possible anxiety and depression status, the relative abnormality rates of MMSE and ADL sub-items did not significantly change, while the abnormality rate of orientation in MoCA sub-items decreased relatively.Conclusion:The MMSE and ADL exhibit good stability in long-term monitoring of dementia patients, serving as essential tools for assessing and following up cognitive changes.

Based on the concept of"two-stage,four-phase,and three-phase treatments"of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET)assisted the whole-course management of TCM by national TCM master You Zhaoling,this article analyzed the treatment strategy assisted by acupuncture in five aspects:principle,method,prescription,acupoint,and technique.Principle:syndrome differentiation and treatment follow different cases;method establish guiding methods based on principles,while following stage diagnoses and treatments;prescription:determine the prescriptions based on therapeutic principles within the context of overall regulation;acupoint:precise acupoint taking and rational acupoint matching;technique:the primary method is acupuncture,supported by various therapeutic modalities,providing a comprehensive framework and evidence-based support for the clinical application of acupuncture and moxibustion in IVF-ET.

Abuse of amphetamine-based stimulants is a primary public health concern. Recent studies have underscored a troubling escalation in the inappropriate use of prescription amphetamine-based stimulants. However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the impact of acute methamphetamine exposure (AME) on sleep homeostasis remain to be explored. This study employed non-human primates and electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep staging to evaluate the influence of AME on neural oscillations. The primary focus was on alterations in spindles, delta oscillations, and slow oscillations (SOs) and their interactions as conduits through which AME influences sleep stability. AME predominantly diminishes sleep-spindle waves in the non-rapid eye movement 2 (NREM2) stage, and impacts SOs and delta waves differentially. Furthermore, the competitive relationships between SO/delta waves nesting with sleep spindles were selectively strengthened by methamphetamine. Complexity analysis also revealed that the SO-nested spindles had lost their ability to maintain sleep depth and stability. In summary, this finding could be one of the intrinsic electrophysiological mechanisms by which AME disrupted sleep homeostasis.
Animals ; Methamphetamine ; Electroencephalography ; Male ; Sleep/drug effects* ; Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Delta Rhythm/drug effects* ; Sleep Stages/drug effects*

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.004.].

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at"Neiguan"and"Gongsun"on autophagy and apoptosis related indexes of interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD);To explore its possible mechanism on improving gastrointestinal motility of FD.Methods Totally 32 SPF grade SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,electroacupuncture group and Western medicine group,with 8 rats in each group.An FD model was constructed using a composite etiology modeling method.The electroacupuncture group received electroacupuncture at"Neiguan"and"Gongsun",while the Western medicine group received oral administration of mosapride once a day for 7 consecutive days.The general condition,body mass and average daily intake of rats were observed every week,and gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate were detected,transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the structure of gastric antrum ICC,Western blot was used to observe the expressions of c-kit,Beclin1,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ,p62,Caspase-3 protein in gastric antrum tissue,qPCR was used to observe the mRNA expressions of Beclin1,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ,p62 and c-kit in gastric antrum tissue,TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis rate of cells in gastric antrum tissue.Results Compared with the blank group,the model group rats were mentally lethargic,clustered and curled up,with reduced activity,rough and dull hair,loose and unformed feces,reduced body mass and daily food intake(P<0.05),and gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate decreased(P<0.01),ICC mitochondria swelled and dissolved,with varying degrees of vacuolar formation,rough endoplasmic reticulum dilation and destruction,and a large number of autophagosomes,the expressions of Beclin1 and LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ protein and mRNA in gastric antrum tissue increased(P<0.01),the expressions of p62,c-kit protein and mRNA decreased(P<0.01),while Caspase-3 protein expression increased(P<0.01),and the apoptosis rate of gastric antral tissue cells increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the condition of rats in electroacupuncture group and the Western medicine group were improved,with increased responsiveness,increased mobility,neat hair,formed feces,increased body mass and daily food intake(P<0.01),and gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate increase(P<0.01),a normal ICC structure,and a small amount of autophagosomes were still visible,the expressions of Beclin1,LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ protein and mRNA in gastric antrum tissue decreased(P<0.01),the expressions of p62,c-kit protein and mRNA increased(P<0.01),while Caspase-3 protein expression decreased(P<0.01),and the apoptosis rate of gastric antral tissue cells decreased(P<0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in various indicators between electroacupuncture group and Western medicine group(P>0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at"Neiguan"and"Gongsun"can restore the number and structure of ICC and improve gastrointestinal motility,and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis levels.

Corneal neovascularization(CNV)is a pathological condition characterized by the invasion of new blood vessels into the normally avascular corneal area from the corneal periphery,leading to severe vision loss and potentially blindness.Currently,surgical,physical,and pharmacological therapies are the main clinical approaches for treating CNV.Surgical treatment aims to remove abnormal vascular tissue or perform corneal trans-plantation to inhibit angiogenesis;however,it carries a risk of postoperative rejection.Physical therapy involves the direct application of non-invasive modalities,such as laser treatment,to the neovascularized area to suppress vascular growth.Nevertheless,this approach may cause damage to surrounding healthy tissues.Pharmacotherapy has recently become a research hotspot in CNV treatment due to its convenient administration.Clinically,the drugs used for CNV treatment mainly include anti-inflammatory agents,anti-VEGF drugs,and immunosuppressants,which inhibit CNV progression by targeting angiogenesis-related signaling pathways.However,these drugs often lead to drug resistance and toxic side effects.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop more effective and safer therapeutic agents for CNV.This article reviews the current clinical treatment status of CNV and highlights recent advances in the use of small molecule extracts from traditional Chinese medicine for CNV therapy,aiming to provide potential candidate drugs and a scientific theoretical basis for clinical management of CNV.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of electroacupuncture-mediated PTEN-induced kinase 1(PINK 1)/Parkin signal pathway activation in treating functional dyspepsia model rats.Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control(n=8)and the modeling groups(n=28)using the random number table method.The functional dyspepsia model was established using the compound etiology modeling method.After successful modeling,24 rats were divided into the model,electroacupuncture,and mosapride groups using the random number table method,with eight rats per group.The blank group was not intervened.The electroacupuncture,mosapride,and model groups were bound for 30 min,and only the electroacupuncture group was administered"Neiguan"(PC 6)and"Gongsun"(SP 4)while bound.The electroacupuncture and model groups were administered the same amount of normal saline,and the mosapride group was given mosapride citrate solution(1.35 mg/kg).The above intervention method were performed once a day for 7 consecutive days to observe the general condition of rats.Gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion experiments were used to observe gastric emptying rate and small intestine propulsion rate in each group of rats.The interstitial cells of the Cajal(ICC)ultrastructure of gastric antrum were observed under a transmission electron microscope.The protein and mRNA expressions of C-kit proto-oncogene protein(C-kit),microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)Ⅱ/Ⅰ,ubiquitin-binding protein p62(p62),Bcl-2 interacting protein 1(Beclin1),PINK1,and Parkin were detected using Western blotting and real-time fluorescence PCR.Results Compared with the blank group,the rats in the model group exhibited lethargy,dull and dry fur,sluggish responses,and substantial decreases in food intake and body weight.Their feces alternated between dry and loose consistency.Furthermore,the gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion rates were reduced(P<0.01).The ultrastructural morphology of ICC and their mitochondria in the gastric antrum tissue showed apparent damage.The protein and mRNA expressions of C-kit and p62 were decreased(P<0.01),whereas those of PINK1,Parkin,Beclin1,and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ were increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the rats in the electroacupuncture and mosapride groups showed notable improvements in their mental state,with neat fur,enhanced activity and responsiveness,gradual increases in food intake and body weight,and well-formed feces.Additionally,the gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion rates increased(P<0.01).The ultrastructural morphology of ICC and their mitochondria in the gastric antrum tissue were notably improved.The protein and mRNA expressions of C-kit and p62 were increased(P<0.01),whereas those of PINK1,Parkin,Beclin1,and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰwere decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture improves the gastrointestinal motility of functional dyspepsia rats,and its mechanism may be related to upregulating C-kit and p62 expression,downregulating PINK1,Parkin,Beclin1,and LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ expression,inhibiting abnormal PINK1/Parkin signal pathway activation,and blocking the excessive mitophagy of ICC.

Objective To develop an expert consensus on the subcutaneous injection of targeted drugs for breast cancer,to guide clinical nursing practice.Methods A consensus building group was established to create the initial draft of the consensus based on a review of literature.From December 2023 to February 2024,a total of 84 experts from various fields including breast cancer clinical nursing or medical practice,pharmacology,cancer hospital nursing or medical management were invited to participate in 2 rounds of expert letter consultations.Additionally,an on-site expert discussion meeting and an online expert finalization meeting were conducted to finalize the draft"consensus".Results The finalized consensus includes sections covering basic drug introduction,drug injection nursing(injection personnel,injection preparation,injection points,observation and recording after injection),nursing care for adverse reactions,patient education and follow-up.Conclusion This consensus is scientific and practical.It can serve as a valuable reference for clinical practice related to subcutaneous therapy using targeted drugs for breast cancer.