ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Sanren Runchang formula in treating constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-C） by regulating the brain-gut axis and the effects of the formula on serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）， and substance P （SP）. MethodsA randomized controlled design was adopted， and 72 IBS-C patients meeting Rome Ⅳ criteria were randomized into observation and control groups （36 cases）.The observation group received Sanren Runchang formula granules twice daily， and the control group received lactulose oral solution daily for 4 weeks. IBS Symptom Severity Scale （IBS-SSS）， IBS Quality of Life Scale （IBS-QOL）， and Bristol Stool Form Scale （BSFS） were used to assess clinical symptoms， and bowel movement frequency was recorded. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS） and Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS） were employed to evaluate psychological status. ELISA was employed to measure the serum levels of 5-HT， VIP， and SP. ResultsThe total response rate in the observation group was 91.67% （33/36）， which was higher than that （77.78%， 28/36） in the control group （χ²=4.50， P<0.05）. After treatment， both groups showed increased defecation frequency and BSFS scores， decreased IBS-SSS total score， abdominal pain and bloating scores， IBS-QOL health anxiety， anxiety， food avoidance， and behavioral disorders scores， SAS and SDS scores， serum 5-HT and VIP levels， and increased SP levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， the observation group showed more significant changes in the indicators above than the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The SP level showed no significant difference between the two groups. During the 4-week follow-up， the recurrence rate was 5.88% in the observation group and 31.25% in the control group. No adverse events occurred in observation group， and 2 cases of mild diarrhea occurred in the control group. ConclusionSanren Runchang formula demonstrated definitive efficacy in alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms and improving the psychological status and quality of life in IBS-C patients， with a low recurrence rate. The formula can regulate serum levels of neurotransmitters such as 5-HT and VIP， suggesting its potential regulatory effect on the brain-gut axis through modulating neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. However， its complete mechanism of action requires further investigation through detection of additional brain-gut axis-related biomarkers.

Uveal melanoma(UM)is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, characterized by high invasiveness and unique metastatic biological features. Although local treatments(such as proton beam therapy and brachytherapy)can effectively control the primary lesion, approximately 50% of patients eventually develop distant metastasis, with the liver being the primary target organ(occurring in 90% of cases). This highlights a paradigm shift in treatment focus from mere local control to systemic prevention and management. For metastatic UM(mUM), current treatment strategies encompass biomarker-guided molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy(including Tebentafusp, vaccines, and oncolytic virus therapy), and liver-directed therapy. Focusing on the synergy between local and systemic prevention and control, this article systematically elaborates on the precision local treatment for primary UM, the decision-making pathway for systemic treatment of metastatic UM based on molecular subtyping, the integration of local and systemic therapies for liver metastases, and the translational value of nanomedicine in addressing therapeutic bottlenecks. It provides insights for optimizing clinical management of mUM and developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Objective To establish an alpha spectrometric method for the analysis of polonium-210 (²¹⁰Po) in seafood, determine the activity concentration of ²¹⁰Po in seafood from China’s eastern coastal areas, and assess the corresponding radiation doses. Methods A total of 21 types of seafood belonging to four categories (fish, shrimp, crab, and shellfish) were collected from eastern coastal cities in China. The activity concentration of ²¹⁰Po in different tissues of the seafood was analyzed using the ²⁰⁹Po tracer-α spectrometry method. The annual effective dose was then estimated by combining seafood consumption rates and dose conversion factors. Results The activity concentrations of ²¹⁰Po in the edible parts of fish, shrimp, and shellfish samples ranged from 0.65 to 17.89 Bq/kg, 0.81 to 5.95 Bq/kg, and 0.73 to 44.09 Bq/kg, respectively. In whole crab samples, the range was 1.77 to 11.43 Bq/kg. The activity concentration of ²¹⁰Po in crab samples (whole crab) ranged from 1.77 to 11.43 Bq/kg. ²¹⁰Po activity was mainly enriched in the head, internal organs, and shell. The annual effective ingestion dose for different age groups ranged from 91.39 to 251.33 μSv/a. Conclusion The annual effective dose resulting from ²¹⁰Po ingestion via seafood consumption for residents in China’s eastern coastal regions is lower than the annual effective dose reference level recommended by the IAEA.

Under the background of new round of development in national and regional economies, the existing biomedical talent training system in local colleges is not matched in terms of education concept, specialty setting and course structure, which leads to its lack of openness and integration to strategic emerging industries and weak support. It calls for adjustments to the strategies for talent cultivation in local application-oriented colleges. On the one hand, they should optimize the structure of teaching and management team, look for new combination points and expand professional scope, combine interdisciplinary courses and improve the curriculum system. On the other hand, the entity platform integrating production, teaching and research should be explored, and innovation and entrepreneurship education should be guided to the in-depth development.

Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of alcohol extract of Polyrhachis dives(PDAEs)against rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in vitro and in vivo.Methods:In vivo and in vitro anti-RA inflammatory response of PDAEs was investigated using a rat model of collagenous arthritis induced by bovine type Ⅱ collagen and an LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammatory model.Results:PDAEs inhibited the polarization of M1 type macrophages in vivo and in vitro,reduced expressions of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,iNOS,and promoted polarization of M2 type macrophages,enhanced expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines,such as IL-10 and TGF-β,so as to achieve the anti-inflammatory effect.The experiments in vivo also showed that PDAEs had the immunomodulatory effect,the potential mechanism may be the regulation of Th17/Treg balance by regulating the expression of PD-1 and TGF-β,thus correcting the over-strong autoimmune response.Conclusion:PDAEs may reduce the inflammatory reaction of RA through anti-inflam-matory and immunomodulatory effects.

AIM:To investigate the impact of core 1 β3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperone(COSMC)on the stem cell-like properties of gastric adenocarcinoma cells,and to elucidate its underlying mechanism.METHODS:GEPIA(Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis),TIMER(Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource),Wei Sheng Xin platform,UALCAN(University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis Portal)and UCSC(Uni-versity of California,Santa Cruz)Xena databases were employed to analyze COSMC expression levels across various carci-noma types.The COSMC expression in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines was evaluated using Western blot analysis.Transfection of small interfering RNA was used to knock down COSMC in MKN-45 cell line.In vitro experiments were con-ducted to explore the relationship between the COSMC expression and the stem cell-like properties of gastric cancer.The qPCR,sphere formation assay,soft agar colony formation assay and CCK-8 assay were used to evaluate the effect of COSMC on the stem cell-like properties of gastric cancer cells.Tn+and Tn-cells were isolated using Vicia villosa lectin(VVL)-conjugated immunomagnetic beads to investigate the influence of Tn structure on the stem cell-like characteristics of gastric cancer cells.Finally,the effect of COSMC knockdown on the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signal-ing pathway was evaluated by Western blot analysis.RESULTS:(1)The COSMC exhibited differential expression across pancarcinoma,gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cell lines,with elevated expression levels in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cell lines compared with normal tissues and gastric epithelial cell line.(2)Knockdown of COSMC sig-nificantly down-regulated the mRNA levels of stem cell markers NANOG,OCT-4 and CD44 in gastric cancer cells,re-duced the efficiency of soft agar colony formation and sphere formation,and increased the sensitivity of the cells to 5-fluo-rouracil(5-FU).(3)The efficiency of tumor sphere formation and soft agar colony formation in Tn-cells,and the resis-tance to 5-FU were significantly higher than those in Tn+cells.(4)Knockdown of COSMC decreased the protein levels of MAPK signaling pathway-related molecules,including c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),p38 and phosphorylated extracel-lular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK).CONCLUSION:The COSMC has the potential to enhance the stem cell-like properties of gastric cancer cells,which was likely mediated through the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway.

Under the background of new round of development in national and regional economies, the existing biomedical talent training system in local colleges is not matched in terms of education concept, specialty setting and course structure, which leads to its lack of openness and integration to strategic emerging industries and weak support. It calls for adjustments to the strategies for talent cultivation in local application-oriented colleges. On the one hand, they should optimize the structure of teaching and management team, look for new combination points and expand professional scope, combine interdisciplinary courses and improve the curriculum system. On the other hand, the entity platform integrating production, teaching and research should be explored, and innovation and entrepreneurship education should be guided to the in-depth development.

Microplastics(particles<5 μm in diameter),generated through plastic processing or natural degradation,have emerged as novel environmental contaminants with increasing threats to ecosys-tems and human health.Recent studies have demonstrated the accumulation of microplastics in various environmental matrices,human tissues and even placentas,highlighting the urgent need to investigate their health effects.These particles enter the human system primarily through dietary intake and water consumption,yet critical knowledge gaps remain regarding their bioaccumulation potential,toxicological profiles,and synergistic interactions with co-existing environmental contaminants.The Drosophila mela-nogaster(fruit fly),a well-established model organism,offers distinct advantages for contaminant toxicity assessment,including a compact life cycle,small body size,rapid reproduction,ease of laboratory maintenance,and extensive availability of transgenic strains.In particular,its genome has a high degree of homology with the human genome,which further enhances its scientific relevance for toxicological studies.In this review,we summarize the advantages of Drosophila models in microplastic toxicity studies,with particular emphasis on recent advances in understanding intestinal toxicity,neuro toxicity,genotox-icity,reproductive toxicity,developmental toxicity,and transgenerational toxicity.We point to critical research gaps that require urgent investigation,including the bioaccumulation dynamics of microplas-tics,metabolic transformation and elimination pathways,multi-pollutant interaction effects,molecular mechanisms of toxicity,and comprehensive health risk assessment frameworks.The review aims to provide data for elucidating the mechanisms of microplastic toxicity and formulating evidence-based prevention strategies.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma(EMP)is a malignant neoplasm characterized by monoclonal plasma cell proliferation originating outside the bone marrow and hematopoietic tissues.The co-occurrence of multiple myeloma(MM)with mammary EMP is clinically rare.This case report describes the diagnostic and therapeutic management of a middle-aged female patient with MM and mammary EMP,accompanied by a litera-ture review.The patient presented with persistent fever and was found to have a right breast mass via PET/CT during routine follow-up for MM.The lesion was biopsy-confirmed as mammary EMP,and the patient subse-quently underwent chemotherapy.This case highlights the critical importance of differential diagnosis between breast cancer and rare hematologic metastatic tumors in early prevention of disease progression.

AIM:To investigate the impact of core 1 β3-galactosyltransferase-specific molecular chaperone(COSMC)on the stem cell-like properties of gastric adenocarcinoma cells,and to elucidate its underlying mechanism.METHODS:GEPIA(Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis),TIMER(Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource),Wei Sheng Xin platform,UALCAN(University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis Portal)and UCSC(Uni-versity of California,Santa Cruz)Xena databases were employed to analyze COSMC expression levels across various carci-noma types.The COSMC expression in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines was evaluated using Western blot analysis.Transfection of small interfering RNA was used to knock down COSMC in MKN-45 cell line.In vitro experiments were con-ducted to explore the relationship between the COSMC expression and the stem cell-like properties of gastric cancer.The qPCR,sphere formation assay,soft agar colony formation assay and CCK-8 assay were used to evaluate the effect of COSMC on the stem cell-like properties of gastric cancer cells.Tn+and Tn-cells were isolated using Vicia villosa lectin(VVL)-conjugated immunomagnetic beads to investigate the influence of Tn structure on the stem cell-like characteristics of gastric cancer cells.Finally,the effect of COSMC knockdown on the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signal-ing pathway was evaluated by Western blot analysis.RESULTS:(1)The COSMC exhibited differential expression across pancarcinoma,gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cell lines,with elevated expression levels in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cell lines compared with normal tissues and gastric epithelial cell line.(2)Knockdown of COSMC sig-nificantly down-regulated the mRNA levels of stem cell markers NANOG,OCT-4 and CD44 in gastric cancer cells,re-duced the efficiency of soft agar colony formation and sphere formation,and increased the sensitivity of the cells to 5-fluo-rouracil(5-FU).(3)The efficiency of tumor sphere formation and soft agar colony formation in Tn-cells,and the resis-tance to 5-FU were significantly higher than those in Tn+cells.(4)Knockdown of COSMC decreased the protein levels of MAPK signaling pathway-related molecules,including c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),p38 and phosphorylated extracel-lular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK).CONCLUSION:The COSMC has the potential to enhance the stem cell-like properties of gastric cancer cells,which was likely mediated through the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway.