Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of chylous pleural effusion caused by liver cirrhosis.Methods:The clinical data of 19 cases of liver cirrhosis complicated with chylous pleural effusion admitted at Department of Lymphatic Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital from Jun 2013 to Oct 2022 was retrospectively analyzed.Results:There were 12 males (63.2%) and 7 females (36.8%).Ten cases (52.6%) had right chylothorax, and 9 cases (47.4%) had bilateral chylothorax; Seventeen cases (89.5%) had concurrent ascites. Chest fluid examination: 3 cases were milky white (16%), 10 cases were yellow white (53%), 4 cases were orange yellow (21%), and 2 cases were pink (10%).There were 2 cases of exudate and 17 cases of transudate. By radionuclide lymphatic imaging, 9 cases showed increased radiation in the right chest cavity; One case showed increased radiation in the left chest cavity; Five cases showed bilateral chest radiation elevation. By lymphangiography,11 cases showed complete visualization of the thoracic duct, of which 10 cases showed obstruction at the outlet of the thoracic duct. The 10 patients underwent surgical treatment for the release of adhesions at the end of the thoracic duct, and the postoperative result was good. Six patients died during follow-up.Conclusions:Cirrhosis combined with chylous pleural effusion is rare in clinical practice and prognosis is poor. The laboratory examination of pleural effusion is an important basis for determining chylous pleural effusion. The lysis of adhesions at the end of the thoracic duct has a certain therapeutic effect on patients with lymphangiography indicating thoracic duct outlet obstruction.

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of chylous pleural effusion caused by liver cirrhosis.Methods:The clinical data of 19 cases of liver cirrhosis complicated with chylous pleural effusion admitted at Department of Lymphatic Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital from Jun 2013 to Oct 2022 was retrospectively analyzed.Results:There were 12 males (63.2%) and 7 females (36.8%).Ten cases (52.6%) had right chylothorax, and 9 cases (47.4%) had bilateral chylothorax; Seventeen cases (89.5%) had concurrent ascites. Chest fluid examination: 3 cases were milky white (16%), 10 cases were yellow white (53%), 4 cases were orange yellow (21%), and 2 cases were pink (10%).There were 2 cases of exudate and 17 cases of transudate. By radionuclide lymphatic imaging, 9 cases showed increased radiation in the right chest cavity; One case showed increased radiation in the left chest cavity; Five cases showed bilateral chest radiation elevation. By lymphangiography,11 cases showed complete visualization of the thoracic duct, of which 10 cases showed obstruction at the outlet of the thoracic duct. The 10 patients underwent surgical treatment for the release of adhesions at the end of the thoracic duct, and the postoperative result was good. Six patients died during follow-up.Conclusions:Cirrhosis combined with chylous pleural effusion is rare in clinical practice and prognosis is poor. The laboratory examination of pleural effusion is an important basis for determining chylous pleural effusion. The lysis of adhesions at the end of the thoracic duct has a certain therapeutic effect on patients with lymphangiography indicating thoracic duct outlet obstruction.

OBJECTIVE To explore the potential mechanism of the effect of Xuebijing injection （XBJ） on neurological function and survival of rats after cardiac arrest （CA）/cardiopulmonary resuscitation （CPR） based on the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase （GSNOR）/S-nitrosoglutathione （GSNO） pathway. METHODS The CA/CPR rat model was established by ventricular fibrillation. Using a sham operation group as control， high-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze and mine the differentially expressed genes （DEGs）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the contents of GSNOR and GSNO in the hippocampus； the active components of XBJ were screened and subjected to molecular docking analysis with GSNOR. The rats successfully modeled using the same method were divided into model group （n＝30）， inhibitor （GSNOR inhibitor） group （n＝30）， XBJ group （n＝30） and XBJ+inhibitor group （n＝30）， and a sham operation group （n＝30） was set up. Neurological function was evaluated and survival status was recorded at 3 hours， 24 hours and 3 days after the first 89） drug intervention. The contents of GSNOR and GSNO in the hippocampus of rats were determined in each group at the 0191） above time points， and the relationship of the contents of GSNOR and GSNO with modified neurologic severity scale （mNSS） score was analyzed. RESULTS GSNOR coding gene was differentially expressed between the model group and the sham operation group. Compared with the sham operation group， GSNOR content increased significantly in the hippocampus of rats in model group， while GSNO content decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. The active components of XBJ， such as 4- methylenemiltirone and salviolone， could be bound to GSNOR protein， with the binding energy lower than －6 kcal/mol， mainly connected by hydrogen bonds. Animal experiments revealed that mNSS score and GSNOR levels in the hippocampus of rats in the model group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group （P＜0.05）， while GSNO levels and survival rate were significantly lower than those in the sham operation group （P＜0.05）. The above indexes of rats were improved significantly in administration groups， the mNSS score in the XBJ group was significantly lower than that in the inhibitor group， the content changes of GSNOR and GSNO in the inhibitor group were more obvious than those in the XBJ group， and the various indicators in the XBJ+inhibitor group were significantly better than the XBJ group and the inhibitor group （P＜0.05）. GSNOR content was positively correlated with the mNSS score， and GSNO content was negatively correlated with the mNSS score （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS XBJ can improve the neurological function of rats and enhance their survival rates after CA/CPR， the mechanism of which may be associated with the down-regulation of GSNOR and the up-regulation of GSNO.

In the process of enamel development, premature senescence and apoptosis of ameloblasts are important causes of hereditary enamel hypoplasia. Silence information regulator 2-related enzyme 1 (Sirt1) is a nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase that has been widely reported to be involved in the regulation of cell senescence. This paper reviews the research progress of Sirt1 regulating epithelial cell senescence, starting with the structural characteristics of Sirt1, and further expounds on the relationship between Sirt1 and senescence. When epithelial cells are stimulated, Sirt1 affects the senescence of epithelial cells in many ways, such as mitochondrial dysfunction. Sirt1 participates in regulating mitochondrial function and metabolic homeostasis, and telomere length is negatively related to senescence. Sirt1 regulates the expression of telomere reverse transcriptase needed for telomere extension, thus positively regulating telomere homeostasis. DNA damage will undergo damage repair, unrepaired DNA damage will cause cell senescence, and the Sirt1/p53 pathway can inhibit epithelial cell senescence by reducing DNA damage. Senescent cells are the source of chronic inflammation, and chronic inflammation can also promote aging in many ways. Sirt1 inhibits epithelial cell senescence by relieving inflammatory symptoms. In future research, we can focus on the effect of Sirt1 on ameloblast senescence and explore its specific mechanism of action on ameloblasts to find a breakthrough in the etiology and treatment of enamel hypoplasia.

OBJECTIVE To explore the difference in chemical components of essential oil from medicinal part （rhizome）and non-medicinal parts （fibrous roots ，stems，and leaves ）of Atractylodes chinensis，and to preliminarily evaluate their antibacterial activity in vitro . METHODS The essential oil was extracted from three parts of A. chinensis by steam distillation ，and their chemical components and relative contents were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography -mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The antibacterial activities of essential oil （5 mg/mL） from different parts against Staphylococcus aureus ，S. albus and Bacillus subtilis were determined by paper diffusion method . The correlation between chemical components in essential oil and antibacterial activity was analyzed . RESULTS A total of 60 chemical constituents were identified from the essential oilof rhizome ，fibrous roots ，stems and leaves of A. chinensis， mainly composed of terpenes ，sesquiterpenoids，alcohols and ketones. There were 8 kinds of common components in the essential oil of rhizome ，fibrous root and stem and leaves ，which were elementol ，cadinene，agarospirol，valencian citrine ， caryophyllin，β-sesquidiene，γ-eucalyptol and β-eucalyptol. A total of 26 components were identified from the essential oil of rhizome，of which the relative content of 4-benzaldehyde was the highest （31.56%）；a total of 21 components were identified from the essential oil of fibrous roots ，among which the relative content of β-eucalyptol was the highest （44.39%）；a total of 42 components were identified from the essential oil of stems and leaves ，among which the relative content of β-sesquidiene was the highest（14.83%）. The essential oil from different parts had certain antibacterial effect on S. aureus，S. albus and B. subtilis. The order of antibacterial effect was rhizome ＞fibrous roots ＞stem and leaves ；the relative contents of β-caryophyllene，α-humulene and modhephene were positively correlated with inhibitory effects of essential oil against S. aureus and B. subtilis（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The relative contents of atractylone ，zingiberene and agarospirol were positively correlated with the inhibitory effect of essential oil against B. subtilis（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the chemical composition and contents of essential oil from medicinal and non -medicinal parts of A. chinensis，and all of them have antibacterial activity in vitro .

Purpose: Investigation of stroke lesions mostly focuses on the grey matter (GM). White matter (WM) degeneration during acute stroke has remained understudied. In the present study, monkeys were employed to investigate the alterations in GM and WM in the brain following ischemic occlusion using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Materials and Methods: Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in rhesus monkeys (n = 6) using an interventional approach. Serial DTI was conducted on a clinical 3 T in the hyperacute phase (2–6 hours), 48, and 96 hours post-occlusion. Regions of interest in GM and WM of lesion areas were selected for data analysis. Results: Mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) in WM decreased substantially during hyperacute stroke, similar to those seen in GM. No obvious fractional anisotropy changes were seen in WM during the hyperacute phase until 48 hours poststroke when significant fiber loss was observed. Pseudo-normalization of MD, AD, and RD was seen at 96 hours. Pathological changes in WM and GM were observed in ischemic areas at 8, 48, and 96 hours poststroke. Relative changes in MD, AD, and RD of WM were correlated negatively with infarction volumes at 6 hours poststroke. Conclusion The present study revealed the microstructural changes in GM and WM of monkey brains during acute stroke using DTI. The preliminary results suggest that AD and RD may be sensitive surrogate markers to assess specific microstructural changes in WM during the hyperacute stroke.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of adult cervical lymphangioma.Methods:Twenty-five cases of adult cervical lymphangioma admitted at Department of Lymphatic Surgery of Beijing Shijitan Hospital from Feb 2017 to Jun 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 25 cases,there were 5 males and 20 females, aged from 18 to 58 years. Radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy performed in 25 cases, increased radioactivity in the neck tumor area was seen in 8 cases; Direct lymphangiography performed in 17 cases,outlet obstruction of cervical thoracic duct was found in 14 cases. Twenty one cases were treated by operation and followed up for 6-47 months. No recurrence was found; 4 cases abandoned surgery, 1 case was lost to follow-up, and the other 3 cases were followed up for 16-48 months with tumor progresses.Conclusions:Adult cervical lymphangioma is lymphangiomalformation disease. Total resection of the tumor and avoiding damage to the thoracic duct is the key for successful management.

Objective:To explore the clinical features of Stewart-Treves syndrome in postoperative patients of breast cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 11 patients with Stewart-Treves syndrome after breast cancer surgery in Beijing Shijitan Hospital from Aug 2008 to Sep 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:All the 11 patients were female , age ranging from 44 to 78 years.The main clinical manifestations included multiple skin and subcutaneous nodules , scattered red or purplish red rashes in the lymphedematous upper limbs, and sometimes in the chest wall. MRI showed multiple short T2 signal soft tissue nodules in skin and subcutaneous soft tissue. Histopathology showed heterogeneous endothelial cell-derived malignant tumor. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive CD31, CD34 and D2-40. These 11 patients had skin and subcutaneous tumor excision and biopsy, 4 had shoulder amputation, 4 received postoperative adjuvant chemo plus or radiotherapy. As of Feb 2020, 1 patient was alive, 9 died and 1 lost follow-up.Conclusions:Stewart-Treves syndrome is a rare complication of breast cancer, with poor prognosis and high mortality.

Objective:To examine the clinical characteristics and abnormal reflux branches of primary isolated chylopericardium.Methods:Totally 43 patients with primary isolated chylopericardium at Department of Lymphatic Surgery, Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital,Capital Medical University from June 2007 to January 2018 were recruited in this study. There were 21 males and 22 females, aging (23.0±15.9) years (range: 2 to 57 years). The levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, total protein and albumin in pericardial effusion and blood were compared by paired- t test, and the characteristics of lymphatic system in direct lymphangiography and postoperative CT were analyzed. Results:Pericardial effusion was mainly milky white and monocytes, and 95.3%(41/43) were positive for Rivalta test. The level of triglyceride in pericardial effusion was significantly higher than that of blood ((9.67±5.11) mmol/L vs. (1.28±0.89) mmol/L, t=10.557, P<0.01), and the levels of total cholesterol ((2.19±0.52) mmol/L vs. (4.12±1.06) mmol/L, t=-3.732, P<0.01), total protein ((61.25±16.17) g/L vs. (68.26±8.30) g/L, t=-2.958, P=0.005) and albumin ((36.63±7.06) g/L vs. (42.32±4.73) g/L, t=-5.747, P<0.01) were significantly lower than that of blood. In the direct lymphangiography, the imaging of iliac and retroperitoneal lymphatics showed dilated or tortuous in 90.7% (39/43), the thoracoabdominal segment of thoracic duct showed dilation in 46.5% (20/43), and cervical thoracic duct imaging showed dilation in 44.2% (19/43) and stenosis in 55.8% (24/43). The image of lipiodol flowing into the vein showed obstruction at the venous angle. There were 60.5%(26/43) of the patients with lipiodol reflux through the bronchomediastinal trunk (type Ⅰ), 11.6%(5/43) with lipiodol diffusion to the pericardium through the abnormal pathway from the thoracic segment of the thoracic duct (type Ⅱ), while no communication pathway between the thoracic duct and the pericardial cavity (type Ⅲ) found in 27.9%(12/43). CT images obtained after the direct lymphangiography showed 34.9%(15/43) had abnormal distribution of lipiodol in pericardium, mediastinal lymph nodes and lung hilar lymph nodes, 46.5%(20/43) in mediastinal lymph nodes and lung hilar lymph nodes, 14.0%(6/43) only mediastinal lymph nodes, 4.6%(2/43) had no lipiodol in the above areas. Conclusions:Pericardial effusion compared with same period blood, has higher triglyceride, lower total cholesterol, total protein and albumin. The obstruction of the cervical segment of the thoracic duct and the formation of abnormal reflux branches would be corelative to primary isolated chylopericardium.

Objective:To examine the clinical characteristics and abnormal reflux branches of primary isolated chylopericardium.Methods:Totally 43 patients with primary isolated chylopericardium at Department of Lymphatic Surgery, Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital,Capital Medical University from June 2007 to January 2018 were recruited in this study. There were 21 males and 22 females, aging (23.0±15.9) years (range: 2 to 57 years). The levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, total protein and albumin in pericardial effusion and blood were compared by paired- t test, and the characteristics of lymphatic system in direct lymphangiography and postoperative CT were analyzed. Results:Pericardial effusion was mainly milky white and monocytes, and 95.3%(41/43) were positive for Rivalta test. The level of triglyceride in pericardial effusion was significantly higher than that of blood ((9.67±5.11) mmol/L vs. (1.28±0.89) mmol/L, t=10.557, P<0.01), and the levels of total cholesterol ((2.19±0.52) mmol/L vs. (4.12±1.06) mmol/L, t=-3.732, P<0.01), total protein ((61.25±16.17) g/L vs. (68.26±8.30) g/L, t=-2.958, P=0.005) and albumin ((36.63±7.06) g/L vs. (42.32±4.73) g/L, t=-5.747, P<0.01) were significantly lower than that of blood. In the direct lymphangiography, the imaging of iliac and retroperitoneal lymphatics showed dilated or tortuous in 90.7% (39/43), the thoracoabdominal segment of thoracic duct showed dilation in 46.5% (20/43), and cervical thoracic duct imaging showed dilation in 44.2% (19/43) and stenosis in 55.8% (24/43). The image of lipiodol flowing into the vein showed obstruction at the venous angle. There were 60.5%(26/43) of the patients with lipiodol reflux through the bronchomediastinal trunk (type Ⅰ), 11.6%(5/43) with lipiodol diffusion to the pericardium through the abnormal pathway from the thoracic segment of the thoracic duct (type Ⅱ), while no communication pathway between the thoracic duct and the pericardial cavity (type Ⅲ) found in 27.9%(12/43). CT images obtained after the direct lymphangiography showed 34.9%(15/43) had abnormal distribution of lipiodol in pericardium, mediastinal lymph nodes and lung hilar lymph nodes, 46.5%(20/43) in mediastinal lymph nodes and lung hilar lymph nodes, 14.0%(6/43) only mediastinal lymph nodes, 4.6%(2/43) had no lipiodol in the above areas. Conclusions:Pericardial effusion compared with same period blood, has higher triglyceride, lower total cholesterol, total protein and albumin. The obstruction of the cervical segment of the thoracic duct and the formation of abnormal reflux branches would be corelative to primary isolated chylopericardium.