ObjectiveChinese patent medicines for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are diverse and complex in their efficacy. The traditional classification method based on efficacy categories has certain limitations and cannot meet the clinical needs for individualized drug selection and variety comparison. This article， based on the formulation compatibility analysis technology of "Tangye Jingfa Tu"， clarifies the composition and efficacy characteristics of common Chinese patent medicines used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， providing support for the precise selection of these medicines. MethodsFifty-six representative Chinese patent medicines， covering all the efficacy subcategories of "stasis-resolving agents" in the National Basic Medical Insurance， Work Injury Insurance， and Maternity Insurance Drug Catalogue （2023） （more than 50% of the total）， were selected for the study. Within the knowledge system of "Tangye Jingfa Tu"， the compatibility structure of herbal flavors and the proportion structure of herbal quantities for each Chinese patent medicine were determined. The correlation between these structures and the efficacy categories was analyzed to identify the similarities and differences among the selected Chinese patent medicines. Additionally， the efficacy was reclassified and compared according to the theoretical framework of tonifying and purging methods of five Zang organs in the "Tangye Jingfa Tu". ResultsThe representative Chinese patent medicines included in the analysis were Shexiang Baoxin pills， Danshen tablets， Qili Qiangxin capsules， Breviscapine tablets， etc.， covering all the efficacy subcategories of "stasis-resolving agents". Among the 56 representative Chinese patent medicines， salty flavor was the most common （48）， followed by pungent （33）， and sweet （26）. According to the dominant herbal flavor， salty flavor was the most common （37）， followed by pungent （9）， and sour （5）. According to the dominant herbal quantity， salty flavor was the most common （27）， followed by sour （7）， and pungent （5）. Furthermore， Chinese patent medicines with different efficacy subtypes showed different flavor characteristics. For example， most Qi-invigorating and blood-activating agents contained sweet drugs for tonifying the spleen （9/10）， most Qi-moving and blood-activating agents contained pungent drugs for tonifying the liver （7/8）， and all kidney-invigorating and blood-activating agents contained bitter drugs for tonifying the kidneys （6/6）. However， the efficacy classification of individual medicines did not always align with the compatibility characteristics of their formulas， as seen with Dengyin Naotong capsules. ConclusionThe formulations of Chinese patent medicines for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases predominantly feature salty， sour， and pungent flavors， which largely conform to the therapeutic principles of "nourishing the heart with salt and soothing the heart with sour" and the liver-heart， heart-spleen mother-child treatment relationship shown in the "Tangye Jingfa Tu". Using the "Tangye Jingfa Tu" framework to conduct research on the structure and efficacy characteristics of Chinese patent medicines is objective and effective.

ObjectiveChinese patent medicines for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are diverse and complex in their efficacy. The traditional classification method based on efficacy categories has certain limitations and cannot meet the clinical needs for individualized drug selection and variety comparison. This article， based on the formulation compatibility analysis technology of "Tangye Jingfa Tu"， clarifies the composition and efficacy characteristics of common Chinese patent medicines used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases， providing support for the precise selection of these medicines. MethodsFifty-six representative Chinese patent medicines， covering all the efficacy subcategories of "stasis-resolving agents" in the National Basic Medical Insurance， Work Injury Insurance， and Maternity Insurance Drug Catalogue （2023） （more than 50% of the total）， were selected for the study. Within the knowledge system of "Tangye Jingfa Tu"， the compatibility structure of herbal flavors and the proportion structure of herbal quantities for each Chinese patent medicine were determined. The correlation between these structures and the efficacy categories was analyzed to identify the similarities and differences among the selected Chinese patent medicines. Additionally， the efficacy was reclassified and compared according to the theoretical framework of tonifying and purging methods of five Zang organs in the "Tangye Jingfa Tu". ResultsThe representative Chinese patent medicines included in the analysis were Shexiang Baoxin pills， Danshen tablets， Qili Qiangxin capsules， Breviscapine tablets， etc.， covering all the efficacy subcategories of "stasis-resolving agents". Among the 56 representative Chinese patent medicines， salty flavor was the most common （48）， followed by pungent （33）， and sweet （26）. According to the dominant herbal flavor， salty flavor was the most common （37）， followed by pungent （9）， and sour （5）. According to the dominant herbal quantity， salty flavor was the most common （27）， followed by sour （7）， and pungent （5）. Furthermore， Chinese patent medicines with different efficacy subtypes showed different flavor characteristics. For example， most Qi-invigorating and blood-activating agents contained sweet drugs for tonifying the spleen （9/10）， most Qi-moving and blood-activating agents contained pungent drugs for tonifying the liver （7/8）， and all kidney-invigorating and blood-activating agents contained bitter drugs for tonifying the kidneys （6/6）. However， the efficacy classification of individual medicines did not always align with the compatibility characteristics of their formulas， as seen with Dengyin Naotong capsules. ConclusionThe formulations of Chinese patent medicines for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases predominantly feature salty， sour， and pungent flavors， which largely conform to the therapeutic principles of "nourishing the heart with salt and soothing the heart with sour" and the liver-heart， heart-spleen mother-child treatment relationship shown in the "Tangye Jingfa Tu". Using the "Tangye Jingfa Tu" framework to conduct research on the structure and efficacy characteristics of Chinese patent medicines is objective and effective.

Objective:To investigate the effect of polystyrene microplastics(PS-MPs)combined with high-fat treatment on vascular endothelial cells.Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were cultured in the DMEM medium containing 5%fe-tal bovine serum.HUVECs were treated with conventional culture,high-fat treatment,and PS-MPs combined with high-fat treatment.The experiment was conducted in the three groups of control group,high-fat treatment group and PS-MPs+high-fat treatment group.CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell viability,F-actin staining was used to observe cell morphological changes,and flow cytometry,scratch assay,and tube formation assay were used to measure the apoptosis,migration,and tube-forming ability of cells.Results:After HUVECs were exposed to the high-fat environment,there was a significant reduction in cell viability,shrinkage of cells,a signifi-cant increase in cell apoptosis,and significant reductions in cell migration and tube-forming ability.Compared with the high-fat treat-ment group,there were no significant changes in cell viability,cell morphology,cell apoptosis,and cell migration ability after PS-MPs combined with high-fat treatment,but the tube-forming ability of cells was further impaired.Conclusion:High-fat treatment will affect cell viability,change cell morphology,and damage vascular endothelial cell function,and PS-MPs combined with high-fat treat-ment can aggravate the damage of vascular endothelial cell function.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the miR-543/syntrophin beta 1(SNTB1)axis in colorectal cancer(CRC)and its influence on the tumor immune microenvironment.Methods The expression of SNTB1 in CRC tissues was analyzed using public data,such as,The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),Genotype-Tissue Expression(GTEx),and Human Protein Atlas(HPA).Then Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,univariate Cox regression analysis and correlation analysis were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of SNTB1 and its relationship with immune microenvironment in CRC.The targeting relationship between miR-543 and SNTB1 was confirmed through online databases and fluorescence assays in HT-29 cells.For in vitro experiments,after transfecting si-SNTB1,miR-543 mimics and/or SNTB1 overexpression plasmids,HT-29 cells were co-cultured with CD8+T cells,the expression of miR543 and SNTB1 and the viability and cytotoxicity of CD8+T cells were assessed with qRT-PCR,Western blotting,flow cytometry,ELISA,and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)release assay.Results Analysis of public databases revealed significantly higher expression of SNTB1 in CRC tissues than normal tissues(P<0.001).The CRC patients with high SNTB1 expression exhibited poorer prognosis when compared with those with low expression level(P<0.05).Moreover,high SNTB1 expression was negatively correlated with immune scores in the tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration,especially CD8+T cells(P<0.05).Furthermore,Knockdown of SNTB1 in HT-29 cells enhanced the cytotoxic activity of CD8+T cells(P<0.01).Online database and in vitro experiments confirmed that miR-543 targets SNTB1,while the expression of miR-543 was decreased in colorectal cancer(P<0.001).Transfection with the miR-543 mimic inhibited the expression of SNTB1 in HT-29 cells(P<0.001),while overexpressing SNTB1 counteracted the promotion effect of miR-543 mimics on CD8+T cell-mediated cytotoxicity(P<0.05).Conclusion MiR-543 activates CD8+T cells and enhances their cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells by directly targeting SNTB1.

Objective To investigate the effects of artesunate(Art)on the proliferation,apoptosis,and autophagy of nephroblastoma cell line(SK-NEP-1).Methods SK-NEP-1 cells were intervened with different concentrations of Art(0,10,20,40 and 80 μmol/L),and MTT method was applied to calculate the cell proliferation inhibition rate to screen the optimal intervention concentration;SK-NEP-1 cells were separated into control group,Art group,3-MA group(Art+autophagy inhibitor,3-methyladenine),and Rapa group(Art+autophagy activator rapamycin).EdU and flow cytometry were applied to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis,respectively;MDC staining was applied to detect autophagy in cells;the level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in cells was detected by DCFH-DA fluorescent probe;the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),anti apoptotic factor B cell lym-phomatoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax),microtubule junction protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ/3 Ⅰ(LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ),selective autophagy junction protein 1(p62),and benzyl chloride 1(Beclin-1)proteins in cells were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with 0 μmol/L Art,the proliferation inhibition rate of SK-NEP-1 cells was gradually increased after 10,20,40 and 80 μmol/L Art treatment(P＜0.05),and the IC50 value was 46.881 μmol/L,so 40 μmol/L Art was selected for follow-up experiments.Compared with the control group,the apoptosis rate,relative autophagy fluorescence intensity,ROS level,Bax,LC3 Ⅱ/LC3 Ⅰ,Beclin-1,PINK1,and Parkin protein expression levels of SK-NEP-1 cells in the Art group were obviously increased,the EdU positive cell rate,PCNA,Bcl-2,and P62 protein expression levels were obviously reduced(P＜0.05);The auto-phagy inhibitor 3-MA inhibited the promoting effect of Art on apoptosis and autophagy of nephroblastoma cells and inhibit proliferation(P＜0.05).Conclusions Art inhibits the proliferation of nephroblastoma cell line SK-NEP-1,and promotes autophagy and apoptosis.

The gut microbiota is generally thought in regulating the body's metabolism and immune function.The imbalance of gut microbiota is related to the occurrence and development mechanisms of acute and chronic lung dis-eases,resulting from lung injury.The"gut-lung axis"pays a main role in various ways in the occurrence of lung injury,including intestinal barrier dysfunction,reduced diversity of gut microbiota,decreased secretion of beneficial metabolites,translocation of gut microbiota and metabolites to the lungs,immune damage to the body and lungs,increased inflammatory response in the lungs.

Objective:To investigate the expression of EIF3B and its role in the development of laryngeal carcinoma. Methods:Immunohistochemistry, cell culture, cell transfection, qRT-PCR, Western Blot and other techniques were used to determine the expression difference of EIF3B in laryngeal cancer and adjacent tissues, and analyze the relationship between EIF3B and the size and TNM stage of laryngeal cancer. By constructing a laryngeal carcinoma cell model with EIF3B knocked down, the cell function was studied, and the regulatory effect of EIF3B on laryngeal carcinoma cells was proved in vitro. Finally, the effect of EIF3B on laryngeal carcinoma growth in vivo was studied by subcutaneous xenograft tumor model in nude mice. Results:The signal intensity of EIF3B in laryngeal carcinoma tissues was significantly stronger than that in adjacent tissues, and the expression level of EIF3B was positively correlated with patient age, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor size and clinical stage. Knocking down EIF3B can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and aggregation of cancer cells, and promote apoptosis. In vivo experiments with nude mice also showed that down-regulating EIF3B expression could inhibit tumor formation in vivo. Conclusion:The expression of EIF3B in laryngeal cancer is significantly increased, and it is closely related to the pathological characteristics of laryngeal cancer, which can be used as a diagnostic index of laryngeal cancer. In terms of function, EIF3B knockdown can inhibit the proliferation, migration and tumor formation of laryngeal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and may become a candidate target for targeted therapy of laryngeal cancer in the future.
Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Humans ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-3/metabolism* ; Animals ; Mice, Nude ; Mice ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Apoptosis ; Cell Movement ; Neoplasm Staging ; Male ; Transfection ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Objective:To investigate the effects of echinatin(Ech)on the malignant biological behavior and immune escape of lung cancer A549 cells and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Normal lung epithelial cells(BEAS-2B)and A549 cells were routinely cultured and treated with different concentrations of Ech for 24h.Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay,and concentrations of 20,30,and 40 μmol/L were selected for subsequent experiments.A549 cells were divided into the following groups:control group(0 μmol/L Ech),low-(20 μmol/L),medium-(30 μmol/L),and high-concentration(40 μmol/L)Ech groups(Ech-L,Ech-M,Ech-H),and high-dose Ech combined with the pathway inhibitor H-151(1.0 μmol/L)group(Ech-H+H-151).Cell proliferation,migration,and invasion were evaluated using the EdU assay,wound-healing assay,and Transwell assay,respectively.Western blotting(WB)assay was applied to detect the expression of proteins related to proliferation,migration,invasion,and the STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway.Subsequently,A549 cells were co-cultured with CD8+T cells,and trypan blue staining was used to detect CD8+T cell viability.The levels of type Ⅰ interferon(IFN-Ⅰ)in the co-culture supernatants were detected by WB,while the levels of programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1),interleukin-10(IL-10),interleukin-4(IL-4),and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)were determined using ELISA.Results:Ech inhibited the viability of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner(all P<0.05)but had no significant effect on the viability of BEAS-2B cells.Ech dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion of A549 cells(all P<0.05),as well as the protein expression of cyclinD1,Ki67,MMP2,MMP9,STING,p-TBK1 and p-IRF3(all P<0.05).These effects were partially reversed by H-151.Ech dose-dependently promoted the survival of CD8+T cells co-cultured with A549 cells(all P<0.05),enhanced IFN-Ⅰexpression(all P<0.05),and inhibited the secretion of PD-L1,IL-10,IL-4,and TGF-β(all P<0.05),with H-151 partially reversing these effects(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Ech inhibits malignant biological behavior and immune escape of lung cancer A549 cells by activating the STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway.

Objective This study aims to investigate the current status of burnout among anesthesi-ology residents,and to explore its influencing factors and potential interventions.Methods A total of 2 651 practicing anesthesiology residents from 218 hospitals nationwide were included in this study.Demographic characteristics,occupational features,and psychological resilience scores(Connor-Davidson resilience scale)were collected using a questionnaire distributed electronically.The Maslach burnout inventory-human service survey(MBI-HSS)was used to assess burnout.A comparison between groups with and without occu-pational burnout was conducted.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for burnout among anesthesiology residents.Results Out of the expected 2 651 questionnaires,1 990 valid responses were received(response rate 77.7%).The prevalence of burnout among the residents was 53.4%(1 063/1 990).Compared with residents without occupational burnout,those with burnout had a signifi-cantly higher proportion of females,working in tertiary hospitals,unmarried individuals,frequency of en-countering challenging patients,participating in on-call duty,and research tasks,and had a significantly lon-ger weekly working hours(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that female(OR = 1.58,95%CI 1.28-1.97,P＜0.01),longer working hours(OR = 1.62,95%CI 1.45-1.81,P＜0.01),and higher frequency of encountering challenging patients(OR = 1.11,95%CI 1.11-1.40,P＜0.01)were risk factors for occupational burnout.High levels of psychological resilience was protective factor against burnout(OR = 0.86,95%CI 0.84-0.88,P＜0.01).Conclusion The occurrence of burnout among anesthesiology residents is high.It is crucial to focus on and design practical preventive measures to en-hance psychological resilience,ensuring healthy physical and mental development of the resident community.

AIM:To improve the success rate of experimental modeling of non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFLD)in rats by high-fat diet through comparing three different formulations of high-fat diets in con-structing non-alcoholic fatty liver rats model,so as to provide a reliable animal model for the study of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.METHODS:SPF-grade male SD rats were divided into four groups randomly:control group,high-fat diet group1(HFD1),high-fat diet group2(HFD2),high-fat diet group3(HFD3).Each group was given the corre-sponding feed for 8 weeks while modeling.The da-ta on general observation,body weight changes,and ingestion of the rats were recorded during the modeling period.After 8 weeks'feeding,liver ultra-sound,CT and MRI examination were performed for the rats of each group to check the status.Blood and liver samples were collected.Changes in liver function(ALT,AST),blood lipids(TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C),and inflammatory indexes(IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α)were detected.The morphology of the liv-ers was observed with the naked eyes,and the liv-er index and Lee's index were calculated at the end of 8 weeks.The effects of different high-fat diets on the establishment of NAFLD model in SD rats were comprehensively evaluated by comparing the difference of above indexes among the groups.RE-SULTS:Compared with the control group,rats in the HFD1,HFD2 and HFD3 groups showed poor mental deterioration,decreased activity,severe hair loss,decreased food intake,increased body weights,and significantly increased liver index and Lee's in-dex,along with increased liver volume,blunt edge,steatosis and lipid deposition,and the trend was even more pronounced in the HFD3 group.Com-pared with the control group,the serum levels of ALT,AST,TC,TG,LDL-C,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased,while the contents of HDL-C was significantly decreased in the HFD1,HFD2 and HFD3 group,especially in the HFD3 group.Com-pared with the control group,the B ultrasonogra-phy showed an enlarged liver with enhanced paren-chymal echo and pipe unsharpness,CT showed that the liver and spleen CT ratio decreased obvi-ously,and the MRI images showed obvious differ-ence of liver signal intensity between in/out of phase image in the HFD1,HFD2 and HFD3 group,and the most significant imaging changes was ob-served in the HFD3 group.CONCLUSION:The above three kinds of high-fat diets can establish NAFLD model in SD rats after 8 weeks'feeding,the models induced by HFD3 was better than those in-duced by the other two groups.NAFLD lesion is rel-atively serious and expected to last longer in HFD3 group,which are more suitable for investigating the underlying mechanisms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and development of lipid-lowering drugs.