Since December 2019,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been found to be the culprit in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),causing a global pandemic.Despite the existence of many vaccine programs,the number of confirmed cases and fatalities due to COVID-19 is still increasing.Furthermore,a number of variants have been reported.Because of the absence of approved anti-coronavirus drugs,the treatment and management of COVID-19 has become a global challenge.Under these circumstances,drug repurposing is an effective method to identify candidate drugs with a shorter cycle of clinical trials.Here,we summarize the current status of the application of drug repurposing in COVID-19,including drug repurposing based on virtual computer screening,network pharmacology,and bioactivity,which may be a beneficial COVID-19 treatment.

Objective:To investigate the effect of 3 pediatric scores of critical illness including Pediatric Critical Illness Score (PCIS), Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score 2 (PELOD-2), and Pediatric Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (P-MODS) in estimating the prognosis of illness in children with sepsis in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Methods:The data of 516 pediatric patients diagnosed as sepsis in PICU of Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from June 2016 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into survival group and death group according to the clinical outcome on the 28 th day after admission.Then, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the efficiency of PCIS, PELOD-2 and P-MODS for predicting death was evaluated by the area under ROC curve (AUC). Results:There were 488 pediatric patients survived, while 28 cases died during hospitalization.Compared with the survival group, the death group had a significantly lower PCIS score [86(82, 88) scores vs.89(84, 92)scores], and significantly higher PELOD-2 and P-MODS scores[PELOD-2: 6.5(4.0, 8.0) scores vs.0 (0, 2.0) scores, P-MODS: 3(2, 6) scores vs.1(1, 2) scores], and the differences were significant( Z=3 259.500, 14.228, 4.688, all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUCs of PCIS, PELOD-2 and P-MODS for predicting prognosis of pediatric patients with sepsis in PICU were 0.761, 0.916 and 0.761, respectively( Z=6.127, 14.228, 4.688, all P<0.05). Conclusions:PCIS, PELOD-2 and P-MODS are effective and have good ability to assess the prognosis of pediatric patients with sepsis in the PICU.It seems that PELOD-2 is the most effective.

Objective: To investigate the classification, prognosis and causes of acute gastrointestinal injury(AGI) in PICU patients in our hospital. Methods: Patients were included if they had been hospitalized in PICU at least 24 h before the AGI diagnosis from January 2015 to April 2018.Patients were classified according to severity of gastrointestinal dysfunction.Clinical characteristics, pediatric critical illness scores, pediatric logistic organ dysfunction score 2 and 28-day mortality, as well as mechanical ventilation were recorded. Results: A total of 220 patients were enrolled.AGIⅠ-Ⅳ groups included 66(30.0%), 97(44.1%), 37(16.8%)and 20(9.1%) patients, respectively, while primary AGI and secondary AGI included 149(67.7%) and 71 (32.3%)patients, respectively.There was no significant difference among four groups in gender, hospitalization time in PICU and total hospitalization time (P>0.05), but there were significant differences in median age, pediatric critical illness scores, pediatric logistic organ dysfunction score 2 and proportion of mechanical ventilation(P<0.05). Median age(month) was 3 (1, 15), 11 (2, 24), 11 (2, 36), and 4 (0.5, 11.5), respectively in AGI Ⅰ-Ⅳ groups.The total 28-day mortality rate of AGI Ⅰ-Ⅳ groups accounted for 0, 0, 13.2% and 3.2%, respectively. Conclusion Patients in PICU are prone to AGI.AGIⅠand AGI Ⅱare common.The prognosis is associated with classification of AGI.The higher grades of AGI are, the worse prognosis is.The prognosis of AGI Ⅲ is the worst, because of different causes.

Objective: To explore the performance of early lactic acid measurement combined with Pediatric Critical Illness Score (PCIS) in evaluating the prognosis of children with sepsis in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Methods: The data of 516 pediatric patients in PICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University from June 2016 to June 2018, diagnosed as sepsis were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into survival group and non-survival group according to the clinical outcome of 28 days after admission.The variables of PCIS were collected and scored.Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn, and the efficiency of the early lactic acid measurement combined with PCIS for predicting death was evaluated by using the area under ROC curve (AUC). Results: Of 516 pediatric patients with sepsis, 238 cases (46.1%) were common sepsis, 262 cases (50.8%) were severe sepsis, and 16 cases (3.1%) were septic shock.Among them, 488 cases (94.6%) were pe-diatric patients survived, while 28 cases (5.4%) did not survive during hospitalization.PCIS in non-survival group [86(82, 88) scores]was significantly lower than that of survival group [92(86, 96) scores]and the early lactic acid measurement was significantly increased[2.8(1.1, 10.3) mmol/L vs.1.2(0.8, 1.9) mmol/L](Z=3 259.5, 9 953.5, all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUCs of early lactic acid measurement, PCIS, early lactic acid measurement combined with PCIS for predicting prognosis of pediatric patients with sepsis in the PICU were 0.728, 0.761 and 0.829, respectively (Z=3.744, 6.127, 7.759, all P<0.05). There was significant difference in the AUC between the early lactic acid measurement combined with PCIS and early lactic acid measurement, PCIS(Z=2.114, 2.122, all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the AUC between the early lactic acid measurement and PCIS(Z=0.480, P>0.05). Conclusions The early lactic acid measurement and PCIS are effective and able to assess the prognosis of pediatric patients with sepsis in the PICU.It also indicates that the early lactic acid measurement combined with PCIS is more effective.

The atmospheric particulate matter(PM) is widely regarded as one of major environmentally and unfriendly ambient air pollution, and therein PM2.5 (diameter≤2.5 μm) is most closely related to human health.Because of its smaller diameter with longer suspension duration, PM can absorb many pathogenic microorganisms, and easily enter into the deep of airway and then deposit on the bronchus and alveoli, and it brings damage to the lung tissues and the surfactant proteins.PM can give rise to oxidative stress, inflammation response, cells and DNA damage.Now, this review focuses on the characterization and composition of PM, as well as the impact of PM2.5 on the lung, surfactant proteins and human health, which helps to call for more people to pay attention to this environmental issue in order to better mitigate and prevent the damage caused by PM.

Objective To study the clinical curative effect of transvaginal and laparoscopic operation methods for treating exogenous uterine cesarean scar pregnancy.Methods Sixty patients with exogenous uterine CSP in our hospital from August 2013 to August 2016 were selected and divided into the two groups with 30 cases in each group.The control group adopted laparoscopic lesion resection,while the observation group adopted transvaginal lesion excision of lower uterine segment.Then the operation situation,postoperative VAS score,β-HCG levels and traumatic response indexes were compared between the two groups.Results The hospitalization time had no statistical difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The hospitalization cost,blood loss volume and anal exhaustion time in the observation group were less than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The β-HCG level before and after operation had no statistical difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).The VAS score and traumatic response indexes in the observation group were better than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The complication occurrence rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Transvaginal lesion excision of lower uterine segment in the treatment of exogenous uterine CSP has better curative effect and safety.

Objective To explore the clinical phenotype and genotype characteristics of infantile polycystic kidney. Method The clinical data of polycystic kidney disease in one infant were retrospectively analyzed, and the correlation between clinical phenotype and genotype was analyzed. Results In this infant the polycystic kidney was discoved in the fetal period, and shortness of breath, foaming at the mouth were present after birth. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging indicated that there was medullary sponge kidney in both kidneys accompanied by mild effusion and cysts were found in the right kidney. Gene detection showed a missense mutation c.1123 C>T (Arg375Trp) of exon15 in PKHD1 gene. The exon31 of PKHD1 gene had a missense mutation c.3617G>T (Gly1206Val), which was a new missense mutation. The exon18 of PKD1 gene had a missense mutation c.7211G>A (Arg2404Gln), which is a complex heterozygous mutant of homozygote. All of the mutations are missense mutations. The infant was improved and discharged after treatment, and renal function was normal during 4 months of follow-up. Conclusion Gene detection can be used for early diagnosis of infantile polycystic kidney disease. Newborns with two missense mutations can survive, and exon31 mutation c.3617G>T (Gly1206Val) is a new finding.

Objective To construct evaluation system of residents standardization training's effect in Xinjiang. Methods According to the principles of combinations of comprehensiveness and direction, sci-entificity and operability, initial questionnaire regarding for residents' attitude, knowledge and ability was modified to form the final questionnaire through the first round of the survey using literature research and expert interviews. Internal consistency check was carried out for all valid questionnaires by SPSS 18.0, the reliability coefficient was calculated by Alpha test and the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the indicators' weights of evaluation system of residents standardization training's effect in Xinjiang. Results The cronbach coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.894, with a higher reliability. Evaluation system of resi-dents standardization training's effect in Xinjiang included 6 first-level indicators and 23 second-level indi-cators, and calculated their respective weight coefficients. Conclusion Evaluation system of residents stan-dardization training's effect which was constructed and was in accordance with the reality of Xinjiang was more reasonable. It is of guiding significance to comprehensively and objectively measure the training effect of trainees and to strengthen and improve residents' standardization training in Xinjiang.

Objective To compare the scores of amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) tracings between preterm infants who were smaller for gestational age (SGA) and those who were appropriate for gestation (AGA).Methods A total of 139 preterm infants were collected in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College during the period of Mar.2013 to Feb.2014.One hundred and fourteen patients met the inclusion criteria with gestational ages from 32 to 36 weeks at birth,including 54 SGA infants and 60 AGA infants.The aEEG recordings were obtained within 72 h after birth by using the NicoletOne monitor.Duration of each recording was at least 3 h.Five aspects of each tracing,such as continuity (Co),sleep-wake cycling (Cy),amplitude of the lower border (LB),bandwidth (B) and total maturation scores,were evaluated and compared between 2 groups by applying a aEEG scoring system.Results 1.As SGA infants,scores for Co,Cy,LB,B as well as total maturation scores were progressively increased with gestational age advancing(all P ＜ 0.05).As AGA infants,scores for Cy,B and total maturation scores progressively increased with advancing gestational age (all P ＜ 0.05),but there were no statistical differences between each gestational ages in Co,LB scores (all P ＞ 0.05).2.Linear regression analysis of SGA infants' gestational age to Co,Cy,LB,B and total maturation scores showed positively correlation,and the correlation coefficients were 0.438,0.597,0.385,0.606 and 0.608,respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).As AGA infants,a positive correlation between gestational age and Cy,B as well as total maturation scores were observed,and the correlation coefficients were 0.528,0.615 and 0.635,respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).3.At the same gestational age,both the B scores and total maturation scores in SGA group were lower than those in AGA group.Conclusions SGA and AGA,Co,Cy and total maturation scores can be used to evaluate the maturation of cerebral function.At the same gestational age,the scores of B and total maturation scores are lower in the SGA,and this might be associated with their delayed neuromotor development.

Objective To explore the pathogenesis mechanism of hyperoxic lung injury and the effective means for its clinical treatment,the difference of the gene expressions between lung tissues of hyperoxic lung injury and normal lung was compared.Methods The differentially expressed genes between lung tissues of hyperoxic lung injury and normal lung were obtained from PubMed.The dysregulated genes in lung tissues of hyperoxic lung injury were analyzed by a series of bioinformatics methods,including pathways,gene ontology and functional annotation clustering analysis.Results 467 lines of differentially expressed genes were found and genes more than 2-fold regulated were 189.We sought the mapping of genes in the KEGG databases through functional annotation tools,and we discovered there were 5 lines of pathways with difference having outstangding statistical significance through metabolic pathways enrichment degree analysis.It reflected the pathways were closely related to hyperoxic lung injury (the 2-fold upregulated genes were 14,the 2-fold down-regulated genes were 6).GO analysis revealed that these genes were involved in hematopietic cell lineage,axon guidance,adherens junction,T cell receptor signaling pathway and focal adhesion.Conclusions Therefore,it is believed that the above-mentioned 20 lines of gnes are the major ones for the hyperoxic lung injury and the research on them will provide effective means for revealing the molecular mechanism of hyperoxic lung injury and identifying the targeted therapy.