OBJECTIVE To evaluate the quality differences of Alpinia katsumadai from different habitats. METHODS High- performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to establish the fingerprints of A. katsumadai from 18 batches of different habitats， and the quality of A. katsumadai from different habitats was comprehensively evaluated by similarity evaluation， cluster analysis （CA）， principal component analysis （PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA） and the content determination results of alpinetin， pinocembrin， cardamonin and alnustone in A. katsumadai. RESULTS The similarity of HPLC fingerprints for 18 batches of A. katsumadai was ＞0.9. Eleven common peaks were identified from the chromatogram， and four of them were specifically characterized. Both CA and PCA grouped 18 batches of A. katsumadai into 3 categories， extracting 2 principal components （the cumulative variance contribution rate reached 89.798%）. OPLS-DA identified 9 quality difference markers， namely the components corresponding to peaks 4， 9， 3， 2， 7 （pinocembrin）， 8 （cardamonin）， 6 （alpinetin）， 10 and 11 （alnustone）. The content of alpinetin， pinocembrin， cardamonin， and alnustone ranged from 4.507 1-11.579 7， 5.154 4-14.183 3， 5.109 5-13.588 3 and 4.494 6-11.277 2 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The quality of A. katsumadai from different habitats is quite different， and the quality of A. katsumadai from Hainan is the best.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancy in the urinary system over the world. Urine cytology and cystoscopy are important tools for bladder cancer diagnosis and recurrence monitoring. However, due to the limited sensitivity and invasive procedure, there is an urgent need to develop new non-invasive and highly sensitive liquid biopsy approaches. Urine biopsy is a research focus in the field and has great potential. This review focused on protein-based urine markers (including NMP22, BTA and UroVysion etc.) and DNA or RNA-based urine markers (including cfDNA, AssureMDx and Xpert BC Monitor etc.), which were used for bladder cancer diagnosis and recurrence monitoring, and summarized the sensitivity and specificity of each biomarker as well as their characteristics in the diagnosis and recurrence surveillance of bladder cancer. This study provides theoretical and empirical support for further optimization and application of these biomarkers in clinical practice.

Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of microRNA (miR)-4472 targeting PIN1 in regulating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Methods:Between January 2022 and January 2024, sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to six groups at The Second Hospital of Jiaxing using a random number table method: a normal control group, an HIE model group, an inhibition control group, a miR-4472 inhibition group, a miR-4472 inhibition + interference control group, and a miR-4472 inhibition + PIN1 interference group, with ten rats in each group. There was no significant difference in body mass among the six groups (all P > 0.05). Rat models of HIE were established using the Rice-Vannucci method. Behavioral performance was assessed using the Morris water maze test, while neurological function was evaluated using the Longa scoring method. Apoptosis was detected using the TUNEL assay, and the expression of NF-κB and STAT3 protein was measured using Western blot analysis. Results:Compared with the HIE model group, the miR-4472 inhibition group and the miR-4472 inhibition + interference control group showed a shortened escape latency, while the miR-4472 inhibition + PIN1 interference group exhibited an extended escape latency (all P < 0.05). The number of platform crossings in the miR-4472 inhibition + PIN1 interference group [(2.13 ± 0.54) times] was significantly lower than that in the HIE model group [(3.56 ± 0.71) times], the inhibition control group [(3.61 ± 0.87) times], the miR-4472 inhibition group [(5.47 ± 1.29) times], and the miR-4472 inhibition + interference control group [(5.58 ± 1.32) times] ( t = 5.07, 4.57, 7.55, 7.65, all P < 0.05). The Longa score in the miR-4472 inhibition + PIN1 interference group [(3.03 ± 0.30) points] was significantly lower than that in the HIE model group [(2.45 ± 0.54) points], the inhibition control group [(2.38 ± 0.69) points], the miR-4472 inhibition group [(1.27 ± 0.46) points], and the miR-4472 inhibition + interference control group [(1.29 ± 0.51) points] ( t = 2.97, 2.73, 10.13, 9.30, all P < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of hippocampal neurons in the miR-4472 inhibition + PIN1 interference group [(25.34 ± 6.16)%] was significantly lower than that in the HIE model group [(18.42 ± 5.46)%], the inhibition control group [(17.95 ± 4.38)%], the miR-4472 inhibition group [(8.89 ± 2.10)%], and the miR-4472 inhibition + interference control group [(9.13 ± 2.57)%] ( t = 2.97, 2.73, 10.13, 9.30, all P < 0.05). Compared with the HIE model group, the miR-4472 inhibition group and the miR-4472 inhibition + interference control group exhibited decreased gray values of NF-κB and STAT3 protein, while the miR-4472 inhibition + PIN1 interference group showed increased gray values of NF-κB and STAT3 protein (all P < 0.05). Conclusion:miR-4472 targets and regulates PIN1, which contributes to HIE injury through the activation of the NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of parental emotional regulation(ER)and its influence on the ER of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods:A total of 140 children with ADHD meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ)criteria and their parents,68 normal controls and their parents were recruited.ER was assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale(DERS),Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(ERQ)and Emotion Regulation Checklist(ERC).Re-sults:Higher scores of DERS in emotion regulation strategies,impulse control and goal-directed behavior were found in parents of children with ADHD compared with parents of normal controls(Ps＜0.05).The higher emo-tional lability(EL)of ERC and lower ER of ERC detected in children with ADHD were correlated with the emo-tion regulation strategies,impulse control and goal-directed behavior of their parents(Ps＜0.01).The mediation an-alyses suggested that ER in children with ADHD may mediate the relationship of parental emotion regulation strate-gies and parental impulse control with children's EL.Conclusion:Parents of children with ADHD may exhibit emo-tional dysregulation in multiple subdimensions which might affect emotional regulation and aggravate the emotional lability of children with ADHD.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of delay discounting and non-systematic response data in intertemporal choice of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),and to explore the best data processing strategy for delay discounting task.Methods:Totally 108 adults with ADHD meeting the diagnostic cri-teria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorder,Fifth Edition(DSM-5)and 87 gender matched normal controls were enrolled.ADHD symptoms were assessed using the ADHD Symptom Rating Scale,the delay discounting task was used to measure the delay discounting rate,and a model-free algorithm was used to i-dentify non-systematic response data.Results:There was no significant difference in the proportion of non-systemat-ic response data between ADHD group and normal control group(P＞0.05).In the data sets using different data screening strategies,the delay discounting rates were higher in the ADHD group than in the normal control group(Ps＜0.05).The delay discounting rates were positively correlated with the hyperactive impulse scores(r=0.24,P=0.001),the inattention scores(r=0.20,P＜0.01)and the total scores of ADHD symptom Rating Scale(r=0.22,P＜0.01).Conclusion:Adults with ADHD prefer to obtain immediate small rewards in intertemporal choice.The immediate preference of intertemporal choice may be mainly related to hyperactive impulsive symp-toms.Exclusion strategy of non-systematic response data may be more applicable to delay discount task research.

To analyze the differences in cerebral blood flow (CBF) characteristics among children with different subtypes of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their relationship with executive function using arterial spin labeling (ASL) technology.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of preoperative mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on the potency of sevoflurane in inhibiting body movement responses during skin incision in aged female patients.Methods:This was a prospective study. Female American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 60-75 yr, with body mass index of 18.5-23.9 kg/m 2, scheduled to undergo radical mastectomy between January 2022 and March 2023 in our hospital, were selected. The patient′s cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on whether they had MCI or not before operation: normal group (group N) and MCI group (group M). General anesthesia was induced by inhaling 8% sevoflurane, and the laryngeal mask airway was inserted after they lost consciousness and their jaws relaxed. According to the Dixon′s up-and-down method, the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane in the first patient was set at 2%. If the body movement response occurred, the concentration was increased by 2% in the next patient, otherwise the concentration was decreased by 2% in the next patient. The MAC and 95% confidence interval ( CI) of sevoflurane were calculated using the probability regression method. Results:The minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane was 1.60% (95% CI 1.48% -1.70%) in group N and 1.38% (95% CI 1.25%-1.49%) in group M, and there was statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Preoperative MCI can increase the potency of sevoflurane in inhibiting body movement responses during skin incision in aged female patients.

Objective:To investigate the incidence and mortality of gynecological tumors in China from 1990 to 2019, and explore the impact of age, period and birth cohort on the incidence and mortality of gynecological tumors, and predict the incidence and mortality trends of gynecological tumors, so as to provide references for formulating the prevention and control strategies of gynecological tumors.Methods:Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) database, the Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the change trends of standardized incidence rates and mortality rates of cervical cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer in China. The age, period and cohort effects of the incidence and mortality of 3 gynecological tumors were analyzed by using R software based on age-period-cohort model. The grey forecast model (GM) (1, 1) was used to fit the trends of incidence rates and mortality rates of 3 gynecological tumors, and predict the incidence rates and mortality rates from 2020 to 2034.Results:From 1990 to 2019, the standardized incidence rates of cervical cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer showed upward trends in China, the standardized incidence rates increased from 8.41/100 000, 5.13/100 000 and 2.56/100 000 in 1990 to 11.01/100 000, 6.39/100 000 and 4.54/100 000 in 2019, the average annual percent changes (AAPC) were 0.9 % (95% CI: 0.8%-1.1%), 0.8 % (95% CI: 0.6%-1.0%) and 2.0 % (95% CI: 1.9%-2.1%), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.001). The standardized mortality rate of ovarian cancer showed an increasing trend year by year, the standardized mortality rate increased from 1.76/100 000 in 1990 to 2.77/100 000 in 2019, with the AAPC of 1.6 % (95% CI: 1.4%-1.7%), while the standardized mortality rates of uterine cancer and cervical cancer showed decreasing trends year by year, the standardized mortality rates decreased from 2.38/100 000 and 5.85/100 000 in 1990 to 1.17/100 000 and 5.13/100 000 in 2019, with the AAPC of -2.4 % (95% CI: -2.6% - -2.3%) and -0.4 % (95% CI: -1.6% - -0.3%), respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.001).The analysis of age effect showed that the incidence rates and mortality rates of cervical cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer showed gradual upward trends with age, reaching a peak in the ≥85 years old group. The analysis of period effect showed that the incidence risk of cervical cancer and uterine cancer decreased firstly, then increased and then decreased, and the incidence risk of cervical cancer and uterine cancer was the highest in 1990-1994 ( RR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.86-1.27) and 2005-2009 ( RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.88-1.31), respectively. The incidence risk of ovarian cancer increased firstly and then decreased, and the incidence risk of ovarian cancer was the highest in 2000-2004 ( RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.71-1.30). The mortality risk of cervical cancer showed a trend of decreasing firstly, then increased and then decreased, and the mortality risk was the highest in 1990-1994 ( RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.86-1.27). The mortality risk of uterine cancer showed a trend of decreasing year by year, and the mortality risk was the highest in 1990-1994 ( RR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.85-1.87). The mortality risk of ovarian cancer showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreased, and the mortality risk was the highest in 1990-1994 ( RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.69-1.48). Cohort effect analysis showed that the risk of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer showed a gradually decreasing trend except for a small fluctuation in individual birth cohorts, but the birth cohort 1990-1994 showed a rebound trend. The GM results showed that the overall incidence rates of cervical cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer in China were increased year by year. In addition to the mortality rate of uterine cancer at a stable level, the mortality rates of cervical cancer and ovarian cancer showed upward trends. Conclusions:The disease burden of gynecological tumors in China is still heavy. Age, period and birth cohort effects affect the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer, uterine cancer and ovarian cancer to varying degrees.

Objective To analyze cognition,attitude,behavior status and influencing factor of neurological nurses for early rehabilitation of stroke.Methods A tatol of 182 neurological nurses from 8 tertiary hospitals in Urumqi were selected as the research subjects to investigate the cognition,attitude from December 2022 to June 2023,and behavior status of neurology nurses for early rehabilitation of stroke and analyze their influencing factors.Results The scores of 182 neurological nurses during early rehabilitation of stroke were(72.57士6.79),the scoring rate was 72.57％,which was in the middle level.The average score of attitude was(89.62±2.94),and the scoring rate was 89.62％,which was at a high level.The average score of behavior was(62.08±21.50),and the scoring rate was 62.08％,which was in the middle level.Multivariate regression analysis showed that age was the influence factor of nurses'early rehabilitation cognition dimension and attitude dimension(P＜0.05);The influence factors of nurses'early rehabilitation behavior were their professional title and whether stroke had occurred among relatives and friends(P＜0.05).Conclusion Neurological nurses have a positive attitude towards early rehabilitation of stroke,but they do not implement nursing measures enough.It is suggested that rehabilitation nursing training courses should be set up to encourage nurses to update their knowledge and strengthen their self-learning so as to improve nursing behavior and improve nursing quality.

Objective:To study the distribution of drug resistance genes and virulence genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains.Methods:A total of 96 strains of Salmonella typhimurium were collected，and drug sensitivity tests were performed to evaluate the drug resistance and multidrug-resistance of Salmonella typhimurium.Multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains were selected to conducted whole genome sequencing，and the distribution of drug resistance genes and virulence genes in the strain were analyzed.Results:Salmonella typhimurium strains had the highest resistance rates to ampicillin and ampicillin/sulbactam，with 89.58% and 76.04%，respectively.Followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole，ceftriaxone，and aztreonam，with 47.92%，38.54% and 33.33%，respectively，and low resistance rates to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin，with 8.33% and 4.17%，respectively.Ninety-six strains were all sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics and piperacillin/tazobactam.Fifty-seven strains（59.38%）of Salmonella typhimurium showed multidrug-resistance.Resistance genes were detected in all 57 multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains,with higher carrier rates of 98.25%,77.19%,and 59.65% for aac(6')-Iaa,aadA22,and blaTEM-1B,respectively.The multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains had the highest carrier rates for invA，sipA，sseL，and sopB.Conclusion:Multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium strains have a high incidence and a high carrier rate for multiple drug resistance genes and virulence genes.The monitoring and prevention of Salmonella typhimurium should be strengthened in the clinic in order to reduce the spreading epidemic of multidrug-resistant strains.