Oroxylin A (OA), a natural compound extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, demonstrates preventive potential against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the most prevalent cancer worldwide with increasing incidence. Utilizing SKH-1 hairless mice exposed to UVB, this study showed that OA delayed NMSC onset and alleviated acute skin damage. Mechanistic investigations revealed its dual action: inhibiting inflammation and enhancing nucleotide excision repair (NER) by stabilizing XPA, a crucial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair protein. This stabilization occurred through OA's interaction with glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), which disrupted murine double minute 2 (MDM2)-mediated XPA ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. By maintaining XPA levels, OA expedited photoproduct clearance and diminished genomic instability, ultimately impeding NMSC development. These findings suggest OA as a promising chemopreventive agent targeting the GRP94/MDM2-XPA axis to counteract UVB-induced carcinogenesis.
Animals ; Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects* ; Skin Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Flavonoids/pharmacology* ; Mice ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein/genetics* ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2/genetics* ; DNA Repair/drug effects* ; Scutellaria baicalensis/chemistry* ; Mice, Hairless ; Skin/radiation effects*

Objective:To develop a nomogram model based on the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) -to-platelet ratio (NLR-GPR) score to predict the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing hepatectomy.Methods:Clinical data of 284 patients with HCC who underwent curative resection at Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province between January 2012 and September 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, including 235 males and 49 females, aged 57(51, 65) years. Clinical data, including gender, age, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, GGT, and total bilirubin, were collected. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to assess the relationship between the preoperative NLR-GPR score and patient disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). A nomogram was constructed based on the results of the multivariate analysis. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences between groups were evaluated using the log-rank test. The performance of the model was assessed by the concordance index (C-index).Results:The NLR-GPR score was found to be negatively correlated with both DFS and OS (both P<0.05), where a higher score indicated a poorer prognosis. Multivariate analysis identified the NLR-GPR score as an independent risk factor for both DFS ( HR=1.463, 95% CI: 1.135-1.887, P=0.003) and OS ( HR=1.734, 95% CI: 1.300-2.313, P<0.001). A nomogram was deve-loped based on the variables selected from the multivariate Cox regression analysis, including postoperative pleural effusion, AJCC stage, vascular invasion, and the NLR-GPR score. This nomogram demonstrated good predictive accuracy, with C-indices for DFS and OS of 0.676 and 0.726, respectively. Conclusion:The nomogram model, constructed based on the preoperative NLR-GPR score and relevant clinicopathological factors, can effectively predict the postoperative survival of patients with HCC undergoing hepatectomy.

Objective To investigate the effects of miR-483-3p on hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes and its possible mechanism.Methods Rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured in vitro,adeno-associated virus-infected H9c2 and the H/R model were constructed by triple-air incuba-tor,and the cells were randomly divided into blank control(Sham)group,model(H/R)group,AAV-miR-483-3p mimic+H/R(AAV-miR-483-3p)group,AAV-miR-483-3p negative control+H/R(AAV-NC)group.The growth status of cells in each group was observed using an inverted microscope;cell proliferation activity was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8);LDH release by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)kit;apoptosis rate by flow cytometry;apoptosis by notched end labeling(TUNEL).Western blot(WB)was used to detect the expression levels of IL-1β and GSDMD proteins in each group.Results Compared with the Sham group,the H/R group showed abnormal cell status and increased cell death,decreased cell activity,increased LDH release,increased apoptosis rate and apopto-sis level,and increased expression levels of IL-1β and GSDMD proteins(P<0.05);compared with the H/R group,the AAV-miR-483-3p group showed improved cell status and less cell death,increased cell proliferation activity,increased LDH release,and increased IL-1β and GSDMD protein expression levels(P<0.05).Compared with the H/R group,the AAV-miR-483-3p group showed improved cell status and less cell death,increased cell proliferation activity,decreased LDH release,decreased apoptosis rate and apoptosis level,and decreased expression of IL-1β and GSDMD proteins(P<0.05).Conclusion Over-expression of miR-483-3p can improve H/R-inducedH9c2 cardiomyocyte injury by enhancing cell activity and cell metabolism,and inhibiting apoptosis and cell charring.

Objective To investigate the effects of miR-483-3p on hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)-induced apoptosis and pyroptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes and its possible mechanism.Methods Rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured in vitro,adeno-associated virus-infected H9c2 and the H/R model were constructed by triple-air incuba-tor,and the cells were randomly divided into blank control(Sham)group,model(H/R)group,AAV-miR-483-3p mimic+H/R(AAV-miR-483-3p)group,AAV-miR-483-3p negative control+H/R(AAV-NC)group.The growth status of cells in each group was observed using an inverted microscope;cell proliferation activity was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8);LDH release by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)kit;apoptosis rate by flow cytometry;apoptosis by notched end labeling(TUNEL).Western blot(WB)was used to detect the expression levels of IL-1β and GSDMD proteins in each group.Results Compared with the Sham group,the H/R group showed abnormal cell status and increased cell death,decreased cell activity,increased LDH release,increased apoptosis rate and apopto-sis level,and increased expression levels of IL-1β and GSDMD proteins(P<0.05);compared with the H/R group,the AAV-miR-483-3p group showed improved cell status and less cell death,increased cell proliferation activity,increased LDH release,and increased IL-1β and GSDMD protein expression levels(P<0.05).Compared with the H/R group,the AAV-miR-483-3p group showed improved cell status and less cell death,increased cell proliferation activity,decreased LDH release,decreased apoptosis rate and apoptosis level,and decreased expression of IL-1β and GSDMD proteins(P<0.05).Conclusion Over-expression of miR-483-3p can improve H/R-inducedH9c2 cardiomyocyte injury by enhancing cell activity and cell metabolism,and inhibiting apoptosis and cell charring.

Objective:To develop a nomogram model based on the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) -to-platelet ratio (NLR-GPR) score to predict the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing hepatectomy.Methods:Clinical data of 284 patients with HCC who underwent curative resection at Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province between January 2012 and September 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, including 235 males and 49 females, aged 57(51, 65) years. Clinical data, including gender, age, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, GGT, and total bilirubin, were collected. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to assess the relationship between the preoperative NLR-GPR score and patient disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). A nomogram was constructed based on the results of the multivariate analysis. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences between groups were evaluated using the log-rank test. The performance of the model was assessed by the concordance index (C-index).Results:The NLR-GPR score was found to be negatively correlated with both DFS and OS (both P<0.05), where a higher score indicated a poorer prognosis. Multivariate analysis identified the NLR-GPR score as an independent risk factor for both DFS ( HR=1.463, 95% CI: 1.135-1.887, P=0.003) and OS ( HR=1.734, 95% CI: 1.300-2.313, P<0.001). A nomogram was deve-loped based on the variables selected from the multivariate Cox regression analysis, including postoperative pleural effusion, AJCC stage, vascular invasion, and the NLR-GPR score. This nomogram demonstrated good predictive accuracy, with C-indices for DFS and OS of 0.676 and 0.726, respectively. Conclusion:The nomogram model, constructed based on the preoperative NLR-GPR score and relevant clinicopathological factors, can effectively predict the postoperative survival of patients with HCC undergoing hepatectomy.

OBJECTIVE To summarize and analyze the profile of the implementation of pharmaceutical service by community pharmacists for patients with chronic diseases in China. METHODS Literature was searched from CNKI， Wanfang database， PubMed （Medline）， Embase， and Scopus to collect studies about community pharmacists providing pharmaceutical services for patients with chronic diseases. The ways and contents of the implementation of pharmaceutical services for chronic diseases by community pharmacists were summarized descriptively. RESULTS A total of 75 studies were included， involving 49 trial studies and 26 cross-sectional studies. The study sites were mainly located in the developed regions of China， and the types of disease involved in the studies were mainly diabetes mellitus （n＝30） and hypertension （n＝28）； most studies used the following indexes to evaluate pharmaceutical services， such as changes in disease symptoms and related indicators（n＝35）， improvement of patient compliance（n＝34）， and the occurrence of adverse drug reactions （irrational drug use） （n＝25）. The pharmaceutical service provided by community pharmacists included medication education （84.0%）， monitoring and follow-up （64.0%）， and identifying and solving medication-related problems （58.7%）. Thirty-eight studies mentioned that pharmaceutical services were achieved through teamwork， 16 of which mentioned healthcare alliances. A few studies investigated stratified healthcare systems （n＝15） and internet-based pharmaceutical services （n＝10）. CONCLUSIONS In China， pharmaceutical services provided by community pharmacies for patients with chronic diseases are still mainly confined to economically developed areas， and the scope of services is limited to a few diseases and basic pharmaceutical practices. In the future， the implementation of precise pharmaceutical services for different diseases and patients’ disease status， the establishment of medical alliances， and the development of internet-based pharmaceutical services should become the focus of pharmaceutical services.

Objective:To explore the application effect of 5E nursing guided by empowerment theory in patients undergoing liver cancer resection.Methods:Using the purposive sampling method, a total of 88 patients who underwent liver cancer resection surgery in Zhumadian Central Hospital from July 2020 to July 2022 were selected as the research objects. They were divided into the control group ( n=44) and the observation group ( n=44) by the random number table method. The control group was given 5E nursing, while the observation group was given 5E nursing guided by empowerment theory. The improvement of gastrointestinal function between the two groups was compared by the first anal defecation time, the first anal exhaust time and the recovery time of bowel sound. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate postoperative pain, General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) was used to evaluate self-efficacy, and hope level was assessed by Herth Hope Index (HHI). After treatment, the compliance and occurrence of digestive tract discomfort were compared between the two groups. Results:The first anal defecation time, first anal exhaust time and bowel sound recovery time in observation group were less than those in control group ( P<0.05). Postoperative pain score of observation group was lower than that of control group 48 hours after operation ( P<0.05). After nursing, the GSES, HHI and compliance scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05), and the incidence of gastrointestinal discomfort symptoms in the observation group was lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The 5E nursing guided by empowerment theory can effectively improve the compliance, self-efficacy and hope level of liver cancer resection patients, reduce pain, promote postoperative recovery and reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal discomfort symptoms.

Objective To explore training programs for pharmacists in retail pharmacies to implement medication therapy management services for patients with chronic diseases.Methods Combined with national conditions in China,the expert consultation method was used to establish a training program for pharmacists in retail pharmacies on chronic disease medication therapy management in terms of curriculum setting,teaching mode,and teaching assessment,and to implement the training.Qualitative interviews were conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of pharmacists'evaluations and suggestions on the training program.Results The training curriculum covered practice skills of pharmaceutical care and pharmacotherapeutics.The teaching modes included online learning and Q&A,case writing,role-playing and standardized patient case practices,and teaching assessment was conducted through knowledge quizzes,objective structured clinical exams,practice tests and questionnaires.181 pharmacists attended and completed the training,and the score of their overall satisfaction with the training program was 4.7(out of a maximum score of 5.0).Through the training,pharmacists'knowledge and skill levels in medication therapy management as well as attitudes,confidence and perceptions of practice were significantly improved and demonstrated better pharmacy practice abilities.Most pharmacists expressed their learning needs for disease-based pharmacy service model and communication skills training with patients in qualitative interviews.Conclusion A training program suitable for retail pharmacists to improve the comprehensive ability of chronic disease medication therapy management has initially formed,and disease-based doctor-patient communication ability and pharmaceutical care process training should become the focus of learning in medication therapy management service ability of retail pharmacists.

To explore the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on anticoagulation of 4 new oral anticoagulants (NOACs), dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban in vitro, thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thrombin time (APTT) and the activity of coagulation factor Xa (FXa) of rat plasma were measured at different concentrations of NOACs, GBE or NOACs combined with GBE, respectively. The results showed that TT, PT and APTT were prolonged with the increase of NOACs concentration in the range of 0-500 ng/mL; that except for TT of rivaroxaban, other results showed a good linear correlation with NOACs concentration (r2= 0.78-0.98); and that FXa activity decreased with increased concentration of FXa inhibitors (apixaban, rivaroxaban and edoxaban), with a good linear correlation with concentration of FXa inhibitors in the range of 0-250 ng/mL (r2= 0.85-0.94). GBE had no significant effect on TT, PT and APTT (P>0.05) in the concentration range of 0-500 μg/mL, but FXa activity had a positive linear correlation with GBE concentration (r2= 0.840 4). TT was prolonged with increasing GBE concentration when dabigatran was combined with GBE. When the above FXa inhibitors were combined with GBE, TT shortened and FXa activity increased with rising GBE concentration. There were no significant changes in PT and APTT (P>0.05) when NOACs were combined with GBE. The study results suggest that GBE may synergize with the anticoagulant activity of dabigatran and antagonize the anticoagulant activity of FXa inhibitors, possibly due to its role in increasing FXa activity.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Shiyan City, and to provide targeted measures for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods The surveillance data of foodborne diseases reported by Taihe Hospital of Shiyan City from 2013 to 2018 was collected and analyzed. Results A total of 1 742 cases of foodborne diseases were analyzed. The incidence peaked twice during the year, May to August and October to November. The pre-school children (≤6 years old) were at the highest risk of contracting foodborne diseases, and were mainly those in kindergartens, as well as those not in school. Grain and grain products accounted for the highest proportion of the presumably exposed foods． The main location of eating contaminated foods was in households. A total of 1 217 samples were tested, and 92 were positive, of which 71 strains were detected with Salmonella, accounting for the highest proportion. Preschool children and the elderly (≥66 years old) had higher detection rates than others. The food of infants and young children was found to have the highest detection rate. Conclusion According to the epidemiology and etiological characteristics of foodborne diseases in Shiyan City, the publicity and education of food safety should be strengthened and the surveillance network system of foodborne diseases should be further improved.