ObjectiveTo adapt the Stanford Expectations of Treatment Scale（SETS） into Chinese（C-SETS） and test the feasibility， validity and reliability of its application in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome（IBS-D） with liver-constraint and spleen-deficiency syndrome treated with traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. MethodsWe obtained authorisation from the developer of the SETS， and followed the principle of "two-way translation" to translate the SETS by literal translation and back translation to form the C-SETS. Ninety-six IBS-D patients with liver-constraint and spleen-deficiency syndrome were enrolled as respondents and filled out C-SETS before receiving treatment； the feasibility was assessed by the recall rate， completion rate and the duration of filling out the scale； the reliability was assessed by Cronbach's α； the structural validity was assessed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis， and the content validity was assessed by correlation analysis. ResultsThe C-SETS consists of 10 items， with the 1st， 3rd， and 5th rating items constituting the Positive Expectations subscale， and the 2nd， 4th， and 6th rating items constituting the Negative Expectations subscale， each of which is rated on a 7-point Likert Scale. The recall of C-SETS was 100%（96/96）， the completion rate was 89.58%（86/96）； Cronbach's α for the Positive and Negative Treatment Expectations subscales were 0.845 and 0.854， respectively； exploratory factor analysis showed that the coefficient of commonality for all six entries was larger than 0.4， and that the six entries could be used by both factors to explain 77.092% of the total variance； validation factor analysis showed that the goodness-of-fit index， comparative fit index， root mean square of approximation error， canonical fit coefficient， and chi-square degrees of freedom ratio took the values of 0.943， 1.003， 0， 0.943， and 0.626， respectively； and the results of Spearman's analysis suggested that the C-SETS had good content validity. ConclusionThe C-SETS has well feasibility， reliability， and validity， which initially proves that it can be used as a tool to assess the treatment expectation of patients with IBS-D with liver-constraint and spleen-deficiency syndrome before receiving TCM treatment.

Cardiovascular dysfunction and reduced exercise capacity are common adverse effects of anti-cancer treatments, severely impacting the prognosis and quality of life of cancer patients. This review summarizes the intervention protocols and application effects of resistance training on cardiovascular function and/or exercise capacity in cancer patients. The aim is to provide a reference for the practice of exercise interventions targeting cardiovascular function and exercise capacity among cancer patients in China.

Objective:To explore the value of myocardial work difference between left ventricular lateral wall and septum at baseline in the prediction of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response and compare their predictive performance with conventional echocardiographic parameters.Methods:One hundred and six heart failure patients who were retrospectively recruited from January 2021 to January 2023, underwent speckle tracking echocardiography before CRT and at 6-month follow-up.Global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), global work efficiency (GWE), as well as segmental myocardial work index (MWI), constructive work (CW), wasted work (WW) and myocardial work efficiency (MWE), were acquired from non-invasive left ventricular pressure-strain loops before CRT. The differences of all myocardial work indices between left ventricular lateral wall and septum (L-S) at the mid-ventricular level, namely, L-S MWI, L-S CW, L-S WW and L-S MWE were calculated. Response to CRT was defined as left ventricular end-systolic volume reduction ≥15% at 6-month follow-up.Results:CRT response was present in seventy-eight (74%, 78/105) patients. ①At baseline, responders exhibited significantly higher GWI and GCW than non-responders (both P<0.05). ②Besides, L-S MWI, L-S CW, L-S WW and L-S MWE were significant higher in CRT responders than in non-responders at baseline (all P<0.01). ③In multivariate regression analysis, baseline LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) ( OR=0.993, 95% CI=0.987-0.999, P=0.020), interventricular mechanical delay (IVMD) ( OR=1.025, 95% CI=1.001-1.050, P=0.040) and L-S MWI ( OR=1.002, 95% CI=1.001-1.003, P=0.001) were identified as independent predictors of CRT response. ④ROC analysis demonstrated that L-S MWI (AUC=0.830, P<0.001) was the most powerful predictor of CRT response and was superior to LVEDV (AUC=0.718, P<0.01) and IVMD (AUC=0.704, P=0.001). ⑤L-S MWI >884 mmHg% was recommended to predict CRT response with the optimal sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 86%. Conclusions:The noninvasive evaluation of myocardial work heterogeneity between left ventricular lateral wall and septum is more valuable than conventional parameters in predicting CRT response and guiding patient selection before CRT, which helps to further improve CRT response rate.

The development of intravital microscopy (IVM) has enabled researchers to perform in-situ, real-time observations of pulmonary micro-circulation at the cellular level, and has become instrumental for researching the immune micro-environment of pulmonary diseases. This article introduces the developments in constructing the pulmonary imaging window and summarizes the current light microscopy techniques used for lung IVM with regard to its relevant functional and application features, which includes wide field fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, as well as two-photon microscopy. It then provides examples of IVM of pulmonary immune response in inflammation and infection in murine models, and finally specifies the technological limitations to provide reference for researchers to systematically learn and understand the technology.

This paper reviews the research progress on live-cell super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, discusses the current research status and hotspots in this field, and summarizes the technological application of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy for live-cell imaging. To date, this field has gained progress in numerous aspects. Specifically, the structured illumination microscopy, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, and the recently introduced minimal photon fluxes microscopy are the current research hotspots. According to the current progress in this field, future development trend is likely to be largely driven by artificial intelligence as well as advances in fluorescent probes and relevant labelling methods.
Artificial Intelligence ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Technology

This article summarizes the development of lateral flow immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection. Lateral flow immunoassay is a rapid, low cost, and ease of use detection tool that has been widely applied in clinical and public health sectors. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the technique has been adopted for rapid antigen diagnostic test of SARS-CoV-2, including commonly used colloidal gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassays as well as various fluorescence-based lateral flow immunoassays. With innovations in labelling methods, this detection technique has been in continuous development and is shifting from qualitative toward quantitative as well as gaining sensitivity.

Objective To analyze the NBS-LRR disease resistance gene family of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.and explore the disease resistance mechanism,so as to solve the problem of root rot disease of C.pilosula and promote the breeding and industrial development of C.pilosula.Methods Based on the transcriptome data of C.pilosula in response to root rot pathogen,gene structure,phylogeny,gene interaction and expression pattern of C.pilosula NBS-LRR family genes were analyzed by using bioinformatics methods.Results 88 NBS-LRR family genes were successfully identified.Including N,NL,CN,CNL,TN,TNL and PN,there are 50,14,1,14,4,3 and 2 genes respectively.Their physical and chemical properties,gene structure,phylogeny,gene interaction and expression pattern were analyzed.The results showed that CNL subfamily genes of C.pilosula were amplified during evolution;CNL and TNL gene structures ar-relatively conservative;Expression pattern analysis showed that there were differences in temporal expression patterns of C.pilosula NBS-LRR family genes under F.oxysporum infection.The highly expressed genes DN64786c1g6,DN64786c1g5,DN48234c0g2,DN54844c1g2,DN59747c0g3,DN56071c1g8,DN64591c1g1,DN48464c1g1,DN59886c0g1 play an important role in regulating the disease resistance of C.pilosula.The DN54844c1g2 may interact with GLR family,and then participate in immune regulation by regulating Ca2+ influx;DN64786c1g5 may interact with cytc-1 and cytc-2,and then participate in the response of C.pilosula to root rot by participating in redox reaction;DN59747c0g3 may interact with MPK3 and play an important role in the response of C.pilosula to root rot by participating in map signal cascade,phosphorylating WRKY transcription factor and participating in hypersensitivity reaction(HR).Conclusion The identification and expression analysis of NBS-LRR family genes of C.pilosula is of great significance to explore the mechanism of root rot resistance and gene function of C.pilosula..

Objective: To explore the mechanism of moxibustion for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by observing the metabolite changes in urine using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic analysis. Methods: Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, and a moxibustion group. Rats in the model and moxibustion groups were established as collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models. The control and model groups did not receive any intervention; rats in the moxibustion group received moxibustion at Shenshu (BL23) and Zusanli (ST36). After three weeks of intervention, ankle joint, serum, and urine samples were collected for pathological examinations and metabolomic tests. Results: After moxibustion treatment, the CIA rats showed increased body mass, reduced swelling of the hind paws and arthritis score, decreased serum cytokine levels, and improved histopathological evaluation of the ankle joint. Twenty-four significantly altered metabolites were found, mainly involved in alanine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, phenylalanine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis. These metabolites may serve as potential biomarkers for RA. Conclusion: Moxibustion can effectively resist inflammation in CIA rats. The potential biomarkers and the abnormal metabolic pathways of RA can be identified by LC-MS-based metabolomics. Metabolomics may be an effective way to explain the mechanism of moxibustion in treating RA.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations, risk factors and outcomes of patients with acute cingulate cortex (CC) infarction.Methods:Patients with acute CC infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from December 2019 to April 2022 were enrolled retrospectively. According to the location of infarction, they were divided into anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) infarction group and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) infarction group. The clinical manifestations, stroke risk factors, imaging examination and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of the patients were analyzed. At one month after onset, the modified Rankin Scale was used to evaluate the short-term outcome.Results:A total of 21 patients with acute CC infarction were enrolled, including 12 males (57.14%), aged 67.14±12.36 years (range, 45-89 years). There were 16 patients (76.19%) with ACC infarction, including 13 (81.25%) unilateral CC infarction. The clinical manifestations were mainly apathy, decreased concentration, and executive dysfunction. There were 5 patients (23.81%) with PCC infarction, all with unilateral onset, mainly manifested as memory loss and visual space disorder. Among the 21 patients, 18 (85.71%) had ≥2 vascular risk factors, and 13 patients (61.90%) had ≥3 vascular risk factors, of which hypertension was most common (90.48%); 19 (90.48%) were caused by atherosclerosis, and 2 (9.52%) were caused by cardiogenic embolism. After treatment, the symptoms of both groups were improved significantly, and there was statistical difference in the NIHSS score before and after treatment ( Z=4.07, P<0.01). During the follow-up, 16 patients (76.19%) had a good outcome, 5 (23.81%) had a poor outcome and no death occurred. Conclusions:ACC and PCC infarction mainly showed different forms of cognitive impairment. If the diagnosis and treatment are timely, the overall outcome of CC infarction is good.

Objective:To evaluate the influence of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) on left atrial strain by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.Methods:Thirty-five patients, who were admitted for TAVR in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from September 2015 to July 2018, were recruited. Echocardiography was performed 1 day before and 12 months after TAVR. Traditional ultrasound results, including aortic valve area (AVA), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left atrial volume index (LAVI), peak velocity of tricuspid regurgitation (Vtr), peak velocity of the lateral wall of mitral annulus in early diastolic period (e′) and the ratios of peak mitral orifice velocity in early diastolic period to e′ (E/e′), were recorded. Two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging derived left atrial strain, which included reservoir (LASr), conduction (LAScd) and contraction (LASct), were recorded as well. The differences between pre-operation and post-operation were analyzed.Results:Compared to pre-operation, aortic valve area was increased ( P<0.001). Left ventricular systolic function was improved significantly (LVEDV and LVESV were decreased, LVEF was increased, all P<0.001). As to the left ventricular diastolic function, although LAVI and Vtr were decreased (both P<0.05), e′ and E/e′ were hardly changed (both P>0.05). Meanwhile, left atrial strain, including LASr, LAScd and LASct, were improved significantly 1 year post-TAVR (all P<0.01). Conclusions:Left atrial strain is able to evaluate the left atrial function of reservoir, conduction and contraction.Left atrial strain can be a promising tool of assessing left atrial function in patients underwent TAVR.