Objective To explore the dietary nutrition status and nutritional intervention strategy of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods Among the 1 332 patients with AD diagnosed at Xijing Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were enrolled as the study subjects. The dietary intake data of patients were collected through questionnaire surveys and dietary reviews. During the study period, 30 patients did not complete the intervention due to withdrawal or loss of follow-up. Based on the actual number of people who completed the intervention, AD patients were randomly divided into intervention group (n=651, individualized nutritional intervention strategy) and control group (n=651, routine nutritional intervention), and both groups were intervened for 3 months. The cognitive function (MMSE score and MoCA score), nutritional status (MNA scale, NRS-2002 scale), and quality of life (GQOL-74) of the two groups of AD patients were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention strategies. Results A total of 1 332 questionnaires were distributed, and 1 302 valid questionnaires were finally recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.75% (1 302/1 332). The survey results showed that there were no statistical differences in baseline characteristics and dietary nutrition status between the two groups of AD patients before intervention (P>0.05). After nutritional intervention, the cognitive function, quality of life, and nutritional status of patients in the intervention group were significantly improved. The MMSE score, MoCA score, MNA score, and GQOL-74 score of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group, while the NRS-2002 score was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Nutritional intervention strategy has a significant effect on improving nutritional status, cognitive function, and quality of life of AD patients.

Objective This study aims to construct and evaluate a clinical decision support system for individualized frequency repositioning in ICU patients using big data and modern information technology,with the goal of improving ICU nursing quality.Methods From February to August 2023,a dedicated research team was established to construct a data model based on real-world data from 3,988 ICU patients,assessing the impact of different position change frequencies on the incidence of pressure injuries.Based on this model,a decision support system was designed and developed,incorporating modules for personalized patient characteristics input,data analysis and result queries,decision recording,and patient file management.From September to November 2023,ICU nurses at a tertiary hospital in Qingdao city was selected to use the system.A usability survey was conducted using the System Usability Scale(SUS)to evaluate the system's usability.Results The constructed decision support system can display the outcomes for patients under 7 different position change frequencies based on the input of personalized patient characteristics and the calculation results from the data model,providing precise decision support for nurses.A total of 85 nurses participated in the system usability evaluation,with the SUS score of 64.22±13.9.Conclusion The constructed individualized frequency of repositioning decision support system for ICU patients demonstrates good scientific validity and usability,providing clinical nurses with a valuable reference for implementing personalized position change frequencies for patients.

The new era imposes heightened demands on medical professionals,who must not only possess a solid theoretical foundation but also exhibit strong practical skills and innovative capabilities.The quality of medical func-tional laboratory construction is crucial for cultivating high-caliber medical talents.In light of the current developmental status and trends regarding functional experiment teaching within Chinese higher education institutions,particularly the disparities in development across various regions and institutions,the Functional Experiment Teaching Committee of the Chinese Pathophysiology Society has developed an expert consensus on laboratory construction standards.This consensus was established through comprehensive investigations,research,and extensive discussions to provide a reference for di-verse institutions to continuously enhance their levels of laboratory construction.

Objective:To systematically and comprehensively retrieve studies on urethra care for patients with urinary catheter at home and abroad, so as to provide a reference for removing low-value care measures in the future.Methods:Arksey and O'?Malley scoping review method was used to systematically search the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science. The search period was from database establishment to January 1, 2024. Literature was screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and catheter care site, disinfection/cleaner type, frequency, institutional norms, and determinants were independently extracted by two researchers, where determinants were framed based on the theoretical domains framework.Results:A total of 21 papers were included. Urethra low-value care measures were reflected in the selection of nursing solutions that differed significantly from guideline recommendations and were inconsistently standardized across hospitals. Thirteen strategies were proposed to remove urethra low-value care measures. Factors that influenced the removal of low-value care behaviors included knowledge, reinforcement, environment and resources, social influences, personal roles and identities, outcome beliefs and memories, and attention and decision-making processes.Conclusions:Future researchers should further refine the evidence on urethra care and develop contextualized care for complex, multilevel healthcare settings to achieve continuous improvement and high quality care at low cost.

Objective This study aims to construct and evaluate a clinical decision support system for individualized frequency repositioning in ICU patients using big data and modern information technology,with the goal of improving ICU nursing quality.Methods From February to August 2023,a dedicated research team was established to construct a data model based on real-world data from 3,988 ICU patients,assessing the impact of different position change frequencies on the incidence of pressure injuries.Based on this model,a decision support system was designed and developed,incorporating modules for personalized patient characteristics input,data analysis and result queries,decision recording,and patient file management.From September to November 2023,ICU nurses at a tertiary hospital in Qingdao city was selected to use the system.A usability survey was conducted using the System Usability Scale(SUS)to evaluate the system's usability.Results The constructed decision support system can display the outcomes for patients under 7 different position change frequencies based on the input of personalized patient characteristics and the calculation results from the data model,providing precise decision support for nurses.A total of 85 nurses participated in the system usability evaluation,with the SUS score of 64.22±13.9.Conclusion The constructed individualized frequency of repositioning decision support system for ICU patients demonstrates good scientific validity and usability,providing clinical nurses with a valuable reference for implementing personalized position change frequencies for patients.

The new era imposes heightened demands on medical professionals,who must not only possess a solid theoretical foundation but also exhibit strong practical skills and innovative capabilities.The quality of medical func-tional laboratory construction is crucial for cultivating high-caliber medical talents.In light of the current developmental status and trends regarding functional experiment teaching within Chinese higher education institutions,particularly the disparities in development across various regions and institutions,the Functional Experiment Teaching Committee of the Chinese Pathophysiology Society has developed an expert consensus on laboratory construction standards.This consensus was established through comprehensive investigations,research,and extensive discussions to provide a reference for di-verse institutions to continuously enhance their levels of laboratory construction.

Objective:To systematically and comprehensively retrieve studies on urethra care for patients with urinary catheter at home and abroad, so as to provide a reference for removing low-value care measures in the future.Methods:Arksey and O'?Malley scoping review method was used to systematically search the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science. The search period was from database establishment to January 1, 2024. Literature was screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and catheter care site, disinfection/cleaner type, frequency, institutional norms, and determinants were independently extracted by two researchers, where determinants were framed based on the theoretical domains framework.Results:A total of 21 papers were included. Urethra low-value care measures were reflected in the selection of nursing solutions that differed significantly from guideline recommendations and were inconsistently standardized across hospitals. Thirteen strategies were proposed to remove urethra low-value care measures. Factors that influenced the removal of low-value care behaviors included knowledge, reinforcement, environment and resources, social influences, personal roles and identities, outcome beliefs and memories, and attention and decision-making processes.Conclusions:Future researchers should further refine the evidence on urethra care and develop contextualized care for complex, multilevel healthcare settings to achieve continuous improvement and high quality care at low cost.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the occurrence characteristics and risk factors of adverse drug reactions(ADR)of gemcitabine for injection in national centralized volume-based procurement(hereinafter referred to as"centralized procurement"),and provide reference for clinical safe drug use.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to collect the relevant case reports of gemcitabine for injection reported to the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring System by Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from January 2022 to December 2023;basic information of patients,drug use status,patient outcomes,rational drug use and other information were collected,and the occurrence characteristics of ADRs with leukopenia,myelosuppression,neutropenia,thrombocytopenia and liver dysfunction were analyzed.Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation of gender,age,combination of antitumor drugs,original malignant tumor and drug dose with ADR.RESULTS A total of 315 cases reports(315 patients)of gemcitabine-induced ADR were included in this study,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.42∶1 and age of(61.17±9.13)years.The primary malignant tumor was pancreatic cancer(73 cases,23.17%).Leukopenia,myelosuppression and nausea were the most common ADR,followed by neutropenia,thrombocytopenia,liver dysfunction and so on.The severity grade of ADR was mainly 1-2,and the outcome of most ADR was good.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that combination of antitumor drugs was a risk factor for myelosuppression and neutropenia(RR=2.154,95%CI:1.218-3.807,P=0.008;RR=3.099,95%CI:1.240-7.744,P=0.016);gender(female)was a risk factor for leukopenia and liver dysfunction(RR=0.508,95%CI:0.302-0.853,P=0.010;RR=0.301,95%CI:0.102-0.887,P=0.029).In terms of drug use rationality,there were 143 cases(45.40%)of drug use in accordance with the indications of the label,and 172 cases(54.60%)of off-label drug use.Among them,the primary malignant tumors were bladder cancer,bile duct cancer and ovarian cancer,which ranked the top three off-label drug use.CONCLUSIONS The ADR caused by gemcitabine in Inner Mongolia is mainly in the blood and digestive systems.The severity of ADRs is mainly classified as 1-2 levels,and most ADRs have good outcomes.Gender(female)and combination medication are risk factors for gemcitabine-induced ADR.Appropriate chemotherapy regimen should be selected according to the patient's condition and physical condition,and ADR monitoring in blood and digestive systems should be strengthened during medication of gemcitabine.

Objective A scoping review was performed to identify the effectiveness,characteristics,and behavior change techniques of intervention strategies for reducing sedentary behavior among older adults.Methods This study was guided by the scope review methodology framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley.A comprehensive search of databases was conducted in PubMed,Embase,PsycINFO,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,and Sedentary Behavior Research Database to collect the literature on intervention strategies for reducing sedentary behavior among older adults.The search period was from the establishment of the databases to September 20,2022.The study selection and data extraction were performed independently by 2 reviewers.The resulting data were analyzed and arranged using the descriptive analysis and the social network analysis.Results A total of 31 separate studies published between 2011 and 2022 were included in this study.Most intervention strategies were developed based on the Social Cognitive Theory.Almost all sedentary behavior intervention strategies targeted the psychological and behavioral levels of the individual.The main contents of the intervention strategies included goals and plans,feedback and monitoring,natural consequences,social support,repetition and substitution.In the social network analysis,the behavior change techniques that ranked high in degree centrality included goal-setting(behavior),self-monitoring of behavior,action planning,information about health consequences,and feedback on behavior.These intervention strategies could reduce sedentary time from 23 to 151 min/day.Conclusion Domestic nursing researchers should pay attention to sedentary behavior in older adults,and develop intervention strategies for reducing sedentary behavior in local contexts based on the effectiveness,characteristics,and behavior change techniques of the existing sedentary behavior intervention strategies.

Objective To search and summarize the de-implementation strategy of low-value care and describe the specific elements of de-implementation strategies.Methods PubMed,ProQuest,CINAHL,China Biomedical Literature Service System database,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP database were searched until May 10,2023.Literature of de-implementation strategies was screened.Specific elements of the de-implementation strategies(i.e.,actors,actions,temporality,dose,action target,affected implementation outcome and justification)were extracted.Results A total of 20 pieces of the literature were included,of which 18 used multiple strategies and 2 used single strategy.A total of 65 strategies were extracted,and the education strategy was applied 15 times,the assessment and feedback strategy were applied 14 times,and the specific elements of only 3 strategies were fully described.Conclusion Education,assessment and feedback strategies are commonly used in de-implementation of low-value care studies.Future studies should clearly describe the specific elements of de-implementation strategies,in order to promote replication,improvement,and clinical application of strategies.