Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a respiratory syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syn-drome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Once SARS-CoV-2 was detected in Wuhan(Hubei Province,China),it rap-idly spread widely across China and the world,posing a serious threat to global health and the economy.With the development of Artificial Intelligence(AI)technology and the openness and application of open-source software,tremendous progress has been achieved in the quantitative study of chest radiology for COVID-19,enabling the quantitative dataization of radiological image data,which adds a powerful indicator to the prognosis study of COV-ID-19.Therefore,we reviewed the current literature on the factors predicting the severity and prognosis of COV-ID-19,and summarized demographic,laboratory and radiological factors to help with risk stratification and prog-nosis assessment for COVID-19 patients and assist in their clinical management and treatment.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a crucial role in regulating many physiological processes. Activating the AhR-CYP1A1 axis has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy against various inflammatory diseases. Here, a practical in situ cell-based fluorometric assay was constructed to screen AhR-CYP1A1 axis modulators, via functional sensing of CYP1A1 activities in live cells. Firstly, a cell-permeable, isoform-specific enzyme-activable fluorogenic substrate for CYP1A1 was rationally constructed for in-situ visualizing the dynamic changes of CYP1A1 function in living systems, which was subsequently used for discovering the efficacious modulators of the AhR-CYP1A1 axis. Following screening of a compound library, LAC-7 was identified as an efficacious activator of the AhR-CYP1A1 axis, which dose-dependently up-regulated the expression levels of both CYP1A1 and AhR in multiple cell lines. LAC-7 also suppressed macrophage M1 polarization and reduced the levels of inflammatory factors in LPS-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages. Animal tests showed that LAC-7 could significantly mitigate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice, and markedly reduced the levels of multiple inflammatory factors. Collectively, an optimized fluorometric cell-based assay was devised for in situ functional imaging of CYP1A1 activities in living systems, which strongly facilitated the discovery of efficacious modulators of the AhR-CYP1A1 axis as novel anti-inflammatory agents.

Notum, a negative feedback regulator of the Wnt signaling, has emerged as a promising target for treating glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). This study showcases an efficient strategy for discovering the anti-Notum constituents from herbal medicines (HMs) as novel anti-GIOP agents. Firstly, a rapid-responding near-infrared fluorogenic substrate for Notum was rationally engineered for high-throughput identifying the anti-Notum HMs. The results showed that Bu-Gu-Zhi (BGZ), a known anti-osteoporosis herb, potently inhibited Notum in a competitive-inhibition manner. To uncover the key anti-Notum constituents in BGZ, an efficient strategy was adapted via integrating biochemical, phytochemical, computational, and pharmacological assays. Among all identified BGZ constituents, three furanocoumarins were validated as strong Notum inhibitors, while 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MP) showed the most potent anti-Notum activity and favorable safety profiles. Mechanistically, 5-MP acted as a competitive inhibitor of Notum via creating strong hydrophobic interactions with Trp128 and Phe268 in the catalytic cavity of Notum. Cellular assays showed that 5-MP remarkably promoted osteoblast differentiation and activated Wnt signaling in dexamethasone (DXMS)-challenged MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. In dexamethasone-induced osteoporotic mice, 5-MP strongly elevated bone mineral density (BMD) and improved cancellous and cortical bone thickness. Collectively, this study constructs a high-efficient platform for discovering key anti-Notum constituents from HMs, while 5-MP emerges as a promising anti-GIOP agent.

Objective:To explore the correlation between perfusion parameters of multi-slice spiral CT and serum costimulating molecules B7 family 3(B7-H3), alpha-fetoprotein anisoplast 3(AFP-L3) and its diagnostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:Fifty patients with hepatocellular carcinoma admitted to the Huzhou First People′s Hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 (study group) and 40 healthy subjects who participated in physical examination during the same period (control group) were retrospectively selected as the study objects. Perfusion imaging parameters of multi-slice spiral CT and serum B7-H3 and AFP-L3 levels were compared between the two groups. Pearson test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to analyze the correlation between perfusion parameters of multi-slice spiral CT and serum B7-H3 and AFP-L3 levels and its diagnostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma.Results:The levels of blood flow (BF), hepatic artery perfusion (AP), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT) and serum levels of B7-H3 and AFP-L3 in the study group were higher than those in the control group: (213.72 ± 35.01) ml/(100 g·min) vs. (126.17 ± 14.01) ml/(100 g·min), (152.37 ± 30.45) ml/(100 g·min) vs. (18.21 ± 1.21) ml/(100 g·min), (25.89 ± 3.01) ml/(100 g·min) vs. (23.62 ± 2.37) ml/(100 g·min), (19.32 ± 3.58) s vs. (5.12 ± 1.03) s, (401.35 ± 42.37) ng/L vs. (221.38 ± 23.01) ng/L, (353.47 ± 40.35) mg/L vs. (291.12 ± 23.45) mg/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The results of Pearson test showed that BF, AP, BV, MTT were positively correlated with serum B7-H3 and AFP-L3 levels in hepatocellular carcinoma patients ( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve of BF, AP, BV and MTT combined diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was higher than that of single index ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Multi-slice spiral CT perfusion parameters BF, AP, BV, MTT and serum levels of B7-H3, AFP-L3 are increase and have positively correlated in the hepatocellular carcinoma patients, and multi-slice spiral CT perfusion parameters have high diagnostic value for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a severe mental disorder that significantly impacts an indi-vidual's health,with its primary symptom being fear-based memories.In the pathological state of PTSD,fear-based memo-ries are prolonged and intensified by certain physiological mechanisms.Therefore,expediting the extinction of fear-based memories and preventing their excessive consolidation are crucial for successful treatment.Recently,researchers have dis-covered that ketamine,beyond its role as an anesthetic,also plays a substantial part in regulating fear-based memories.This paper aims to elucidate the role of ketamine in modulating conditioned fear-based memories across various time frames and brain regions,as well as the associated molecular mechanisms.Furthermore,it seeks to clarify the specificity of dif-ferent molecular mechanisms in distinct time frames of fear-based memories and assess whether ketamine could be a prima-ry medication for treating PTSD.

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a respiratory syndrome caused by severe acute respiratory syn-drome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Once SARS-CoV-2 was detected in Wuhan(Hubei Province,China),it rap-idly spread widely across China and the world,posing a serious threat to global health and the economy.With the development of Artificial Intelligence(AI)technology and the openness and application of open-source software,tremendous progress has been achieved in the quantitative study of chest radiology for COVID-19,enabling the quantitative dataization of radiological image data,which adds a powerful indicator to the prognosis study of COV-ID-19.Therefore,we reviewed the current literature on the factors predicting the severity and prognosis of COV-ID-19,and summarized demographic,laboratory and radiological factors to help with risk stratification and prog-nosis assessment for COVID-19 patients and assist in their clinical management and treatment.

Objective:To explore the correlation between perfusion parameters of multi-slice spiral CT and serum costimulating molecules B7 family 3(B7-H3), alpha-fetoprotein anisoplast 3(AFP-L3) and its diagnostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:Fifty patients with hepatocellular carcinoma admitted to the Huzhou First People′s Hospital from May 2021 to May 2022 (study group) and 40 healthy subjects who participated in physical examination during the same period (control group) were retrospectively selected as the study objects. Perfusion imaging parameters of multi-slice spiral CT and serum B7-H3 and AFP-L3 levels were compared between the two groups. Pearson test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to analyze the correlation between perfusion parameters of multi-slice spiral CT and serum B7-H3 and AFP-L3 levels and its diagnostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma.Results:The levels of blood flow (BF), hepatic artery perfusion (AP), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT) and serum levels of B7-H3 and AFP-L3 in the study group were higher than those in the control group: (213.72 ± 35.01) ml/(100 g·min) vs. (126.17 ± 14.01) ml/(100 g·min), (152.37 ± 30.45) ml/(100 g·min) vs. (18.21 ± 1.21) ml/(100 g·min), (25.89 ± 3.01) ml/(100 g·min) vs. (23.62 ± 2.37) ml/(100 g·min), (19.32 ± 3.58) s vs. (5.12 ± 1.03) s, (401.35 ± 42.37) ng/L vs. (221.38 ± 23.01) ng/L, (353.47 ± 40.35) mg/L vs. (291.12 ± 23.45) mg/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The results of Pearson test showed that BF, AP, BV, MTT were positively correlated with serum B7-H3 and AFP-L3 levels in hepatocellular carcinoma patients ( P<0.05). ROC curve analysis results showed that the area under the curve of BF, AP, BV and MTT combined diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was higher than that of single index ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Multi-slice spiral CT perfusion parameters BF, AP, BV, MTT and serum levels of B7-H3, AFP-L3 are increase and have positively correlated in the hepatocellular carcinoma patients, and multi-slice spiral CT perfusion parameters have high diagnostic value for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective This study aims to develop a guideline for assessing and maintaining intrinsic capacity in older adults,offer recommendations to professionals regarding these assessments,and encourage the implementation of evidence-based clinical practices across various settings,including communities,hospitals,nursing homes,and other geriatric care environments.Methods An evidence-based approach guided the collection of questions through a lit-erature review.Preliminary recommendations were developed through a systematic search of domestic and interna-tional guideline networks,professional association websites,and comprehensive databases.Subsequently,the recom-mendations were revised,and the consensus was achieved through a round of expert consensus meetings and 3 rounds of expert correspondence,culminating in the formation of the guidelines.Results The developed guideline encompasses 2 aspects and 5 dimensions of assessment and maintenance,comprising a total of 28 questions and 39 recommendations.Specifically,6 questions and 9 recommendations were formulated for the cognitive dimension,5 questions and 7 recommendations for the locomotion dimension,6 questions and 7 recommendations for the vitality dimension,6 questions and 9 recommendations for the psychological dimension,and 5 questions and 7 recommenda-tions for the sensory dimension.Among these,34 are classified as strong recommendations,while 5 are categorized as weak recommendations.Conclusion The guideline offers scientifically robust,acceptable,and comprehensible rec-ommendations that equip the professionals with a foundation for decision-making aiming at preserving the intrinsic capacity of older adults.

Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a severe mental disorder that significantly impacts an indi-vidual's health,with its primary symptom being fear-based memories.In the pathological state of PTSD,fear-based memo-ries are prolonged and intensified by certain physiological mechanisms.Therefore,expediting the extinction of fear-based memories and preventing their excessive consolidation are crucial for successful treatment.Recently,researchers have dis-covered that ketamine,beyond its role as an anesthetic,also plays a substantial part in regulating fear-based memories.This paper aims to elucidate the role of ketamine in modulating conditioned fear-based memories across various time frames and brain regions,as well as the associated molecular mechanisms.Furthermore,it seeks to clarify the specificity of dif-ferent molecular mechanisms in distinct time frames of fear-based memories and assess whether ketamine could be a prima-ry medication for treating PTSD.