Cancer is a highly deadly disease, with breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer being the most prevalent in women. However, traditional cancer treatments present challenges due to their strong toxic side effects and adverse reactions. Numerous studies have demonstrated that natural products derived from various plants possess therapeutic and preventive properties against cancer. These phytochemicals have been extensively investigated as a potential alternative to conventional chemotherapy drugs, owing to their safety and efficacy. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent advances in the chemoprevention and mechanisms of phytochemicals against the four major female cancers. The focus will be on how these phytochemicals regulate cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis to impede cancer progression. Given their extensive clinical applications, phytochemicals hold great promise in the field of cancer treatment. It hopes that this review will inspire more researchers to explore the potential of these natural compounds in combating female cancers.

Gliomas are the most common primary neuroepithelial tumors of the central nervous system in adults, of which glioblastoma is the deadliest subtype. Apart from the intrinsically indestructible characteristics of glioma (stem) cells, accumulating evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment also plays a vital role in the refractoriness of glioblastoma. The primary functions of platelets are to stop bleeding and regulate thrombosis under physiological conditions. Furthermore, platelets are also active elements that participate in a variety of processes of tumor development, including tumor growth, invasion, and chemoresistance. Glioma cells recruit and activate resting platelets to become tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), which in turn can promote the proliferation, invasion, stemness, and chemoresistance of glioma cells. TEPs can be used to obtain genetic information about gliomas, which is helpful for early diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic effects. Platelet membranes are intriguing biomimetic materials for developing efficacious drug carriers to enhance antiglioma activity. Herein, we review the recent research referring to the contribution of platelets to the malignant characteristics of gliomas and focusing on the molecular mechanisms mediating the interaction between TEPs and glioma (stem) cells, as well as present the challenges and opportunities in targeting platelets for glioma therapy.
Humans ; Glioma/metabolism* ; Blood Platelets/physiology* ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology* ; Tumor Microenvironment

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly, and BuChE has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we reported the development of compound 8e, a selective reversible BuChE inhibitor (eqBuChE IC₅₀ = 0.049 μmol/L, huBuChE IC₅₀ = 0.066 μmol/L), identified through extensive virtual screening and lead optimization. Compound 8e demonstrated favorable blood-brain barrier permeability, good drug-likeness property and pronounced neuroprotective efficacy. Additionally, 8e exhibited significant therapeutic effects in zebrafish AD models and scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Further, 8e significantly improved cognitive function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Proteomics analysis demonstrated that 8e markedly elevated the expression levels of very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), offering valuable insights into its potential modulation of the Reelin-mediated signaling pathway. Thus, compound 8e emerges as a novel and potent BuChE inhibitor for the treatment of AD, with significant implications for further exploration into its mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications.

Objective To develop an endothelialized microfluidic chip model that simulates the spatial architecture and bioactivity of retinal vasculature,enabling thrombosis modeling and thrombolytic efficacy validation.Methods A tri-level microvascular network chip(300/200/100 μm diameters)with bifurcated architecture was fabricated using soft lithography.Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMECs)were perfused into channels,with endothelial coverage monitored via phase-contrast microscopy and F-actin staining.Cellular bioactivity was assessed using mitochondrial membrane potential probes(5,5,6,6-Tetrachloro-1,1,3,3-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide,JC-1)and nitric oxide(NO)quantification.Fresh blood samples from 10 healthy donors(Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University,March to June 2024)were perfused with digital injection pump to mimic blood flow in human body into 3 experimental groups:normal whole blood,and TNF-α-activated endothelium+normal blood,TNF-α-activated endothelium+TNF-α-treated blood.Three inlet blood flow rates of 37.8、11.1 and 3.5 μL/min were set in each group.Two experimental groups,normal saline and recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator(rtPA),were established using the endothelialized microfluidic thrombosis model to validate thrombolytic efficacy.Endothelial functional impacts were assessed through integrated DAPI/NO staining and thrombosis model analysis across 3 intervention phases:pre-thrombosis,post-thrombosis,and post-thrombolysis.Results A tri-level microfluidic vascular model(300/200/100 μm diameters)was successfully constructed.In 72 h after endothelial cell perfusion,complete channel coverage was achieved,with phase-contrast microscopy and F-actin staining confirming confluent cellular alignment.JC-1/NO assays validated preserved endothelial bioactivity.Compared with the whole blood group,both TNF-α-activated endothelium+normal blood and TNF-α-activated endothelium+TNF-α-treated blood groups exhibited significantly increased thrombus occupancy rates at identical flow rates(all P<0.001).Notably,TNF-α-activated endothelium+TNF-α-treated blood group demonstrated the highest thrombus ratio at 3.5 μL/min(P<0.001).The rtPA group showed superior thrombolytic efficacy versus saline(P<0.001).Endothelial monolayer integrity was maintained across intervention phases,with thrombosis triggering significant NO elevation(P<0.001).Conclusion Our retinal vasculature-mimetic microfluidic model enables precise thrombosis modeling and drug evaluation,providing new methodology for studying retinal vascular occlusive diseases.

Objective: To construct a Family with sequence similarity 50 member A(FAM50A) gene knockout mouse insulinoma pancreatic β-cell line Beta-TC-6 using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology and to prepare polyclonal antibodies specifically recognizing FAM50A. Methods: Two guide RNAs(sgRNAs) targeting the FAM50A gene were designed,and a recombinant plasmid expressing blue fluorescent protein(BFP) was constructed for gene knockout.The successfully constructed plasmid was transfected into Beta-TC-6 cells,and BFP-positive single cells were isolated for clonal expansion.The expanded monoclonal cell lines were genotyped by Sanger sequencing,and FAM50A protein expression was assessed by Western blot.Purified human recombinant FAM50A protein was used to immunize New Zealand rabbits for the preparation of a polyclonal antibody.The specificity of the prepared antibody was then validated using the successfully established FAM50A knockout cell line. Results: A monoclonal cell line with a successful knockout of the FAM50A gene was identified.Sanger sequencing confirmed base deletions at the target site.Western blot analysis showed a complete absence of FAM50A protein expression in this cell line.The prepared polyclonal antibody successfully recognized endogenous murine FAM50A protein in wild-type Beta-TC-6 cells and in hTERT-RPE1 cells overexpressing human FAM50A-GFP fusion protein,while no signal was detected in the FAM50A knockout cells. Conclusion This study successfully established a FAM50A gene knockout Beta-TC-6 cell model and generated a FAM50A polyclonal antibody,providing powerful tools for future research.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of ab-externo circumferential suture trabeculotomy(CST)on the 24 h pattern of intraocular pressure(IOP)in primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).METHODS: This retrospective study included 18 POAG patients who had poor control of IOP from March 2021 to May 2022. The ab-externo CST was performed, and IOP was tested preoperatively and 1 a postoperatively(9:00 a.m., 12:00 a.m., 3:00 p.m., 6:00 p.m., 9:00 p.m., 12:00 p.m., 3 a.m., and 6:00 a.m.). The mean, peak, trough, and range of IOP, as well as the average diurnal-nocturnal IOP change were calculated and compared.RESULTS: The 24 h IOP curves exhibited a decreasing trend during the diurnal period and an increasing trend during the nocturnal period, reaching a trough in the afternoon and peaking at night; the time of trough and peak IOP occurred several hours earlier compared to preoperative eyes. Postoperatively, the mean, peak, and trough IOP values were significantly lower compared to preoperative levels. The range of fluctuation showed no significant difference, while the average diurnal-nocturnal IOP change increased significantly.CONCLUSION: CST could reduce IOP of patients with POAG, but could not change the range of IOP fluctuation. However, an increase in the average diurnal-nocturnal IOP change was observed, indicating that CST might not necessarily reduce diurnal-nocturnal IOP fluctuations.

Objective:To retrospectively summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment of 49 patients with hyperthyroid cardiopath and to explore the diagnosis and treatment methods of hyperthyroid cardiopathy.Methods:A total of 49 patients with hyperthyroid cardiopath(HC group) who were successfully treated and followed up in the Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, from January 2016 to December 2021 were collected, and 85 cases of Graves′ disease without heart disease were collected as the control group(GD group). The medical history, laboratory tests, and echocardiographic parameters of the two groups were compared. Differences in thyroid and cardiac indicators before and after treatment in the HC group were summarized, along with the dosage of β-receptor blockers used in treating different types of conditions(atrial fibrillation and heart failure.Results:Patients in the HC group were older and had a longer duration of hyperthyroidism than those in the GD group( P<0.001, P=0.002). There were no significant differences in thyroid hormone levels between the two groups except for reverse triiodothyronine(rT 3). Age and rT 3 were independent risk factors of hyperthyroid cardiopathy. rT 3 level was linearly positively correlated with brain natriuretic peptide, systolic pulmonary artery pressure, left artrium diamete (LAD) and left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVDs; r=0.352, P<0.001; r=0.392, P=0.019; r=0.202, P=0.029; r=0.242, P=0.028). In patients of HC group, free triiodothyronine(FT 3) level returned to normal range after 2.87(1.63, 5.53) months of treatment with radioiodine(41/49) or antithyroid drugs(8/49), while brain natriuretic peptide, LAD, LVDs, and systolic pulmonary artery pressure declined after 5.00(1.25, 8.00) months of treatment. Non-selective β-receptor blockers were used for both hyperthyroid heart failure and atrial fibrillation, and there was no statistically significant difference in dosage[(86.52±47.83)mg vs(88.67±47.19)mg, P>0.05]. Conclusions:rT 3 may be a biomarker of hyperthyroid cardiopath and indicate the severity of hyperthyroidism. β-receptor blockers are crucial in treating patients with hyperthyroidism who develop atrial fibrillation and heart failure.

The mutual recognition of medical examination results is significant for improving the utilization efficiency of limited resources in large public hospitals,promoting the sharing of quality medical resources,alleviating the high costs and diffi-culties of healthcare for the public,reducing pressure on medical insurance funds,and enhancing the efficiency of fund utiliza-tion.This study reviews the research on mutual recognition of medical examination results in China,analyzing it from four as-pects:regulatory norms,platform construction,policy awareness,and performance distribution.It identifies research hotspots and directions related to mutual recognition,clarifies the challenges and key points in the implementation of relevant policies,and suggests future research directions,including strengthening theoretical research,improving empirical studies,and innovating re-search methods.

Objective To predict and validate the core targets of Sijunzi Decoction through network pharmacology and animal experiments,and to explore the mechanism of action of Sijunzi Decoction in inhibiting the occurrence of adenomas in chronic colorectal inflammation.Methods Based on TCMSP,GeneCards and OMIM databases,screen potential targets for active components of Sijunzi Decoction and gene targets related to disease and immunity,construct a potential target regulatory network for active components of Sijunzi Decoction,analyze relevant pathways and core targets through pathway enrichment and protein interaction networks,and explore potential targets of Sijunzi Decoction in inhibiting intestinal diseases.By intervening in the DSS induced chronic colorectal inflammation mouse model with Sijunzi Decoction,the protective effect of Sijunzi Decoction on chronic colorectal inflammation mice was confirmed through changes in intestinal phenotype and pathological staining in each group of mice.Finally,the transcriptional levels and protein expression levels of the core targets related to Sijunzi Decoction predicted based on network pharmacology were verified through qRT PCR and Western Blot,further validating the mechanism of Sijunzi Decoction's inhibitory effect on the occurrence of adenomas in mice with chronic colorectal inflammation.Results Network pharmacology analysis shows that Sijunzi Decoction is related to inflammatory,immune,and tumor related pathways,and 15 related core targets have been screened and predicted.After intervention with Sijunzi Decoction in DSS chronic colorectal inflammation model mice,it slowed down the inflammatory response of the colon and significantly improved the number and size of intestinal tumors.QRT PCR and Western Blot further confirmed that the mechanism of action of Sijunzi Decoction is related to the core targets of network pharmacology prediction,EGFR,MAPK8,and CASP3.Conclusion Sijunzi Decoction can inhibit the expression levels of EGFR,MAPK8,and CASP3,exerting the effect of inhibiting the occurrence of adenomas in chronic colorectal inflammation.This provides a new idea for further exploring the mechanism of Sijunzi Decoction's inhibition of the occurrence of adenomas in chronic colitis.

Objective:To explore the influencing factors for falls in inpatients during the rehabilitation period of stroke and research humanistic care strategies.Methods:Using a retrospective case-control study design,32 stroke patients who experienced falls in the rehabilitation department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from January 2019 to December 2022 were selected as the observation group,and 64 stroke patients who were hospitalized in the same department during the same period and did not suffer from falls were matched 1:2 by age and gender as the control group.Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors for falls in inpatients during the rehabilitation period of stroke.Results:The results of multivariate analysis showed that a history of falls(OR=8.688,P=0.036),a fall risk score(OR=1.615,P=0.018),sleep disorders(OR=5.378,P=0.031),malnutrition(OR=11.071,P=0.035),and osteoporosis(OR=15.831,P=0.006)were the independent risk factors for falls in inpatients during the rehabilitation period of stroke.Conclusion:There are many influencing factors for falls in inpatients during the rehabilitation period of stroke.Medical staff should take effective intervention measures based on different risk factors and implement humanistic care to reduce the incidence of falls in inpatients during the rehabilitation period of stroke.