Infectious keratitis(IK)is a major blinding eye disease worldwide. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving prognosis and reducing the economic burden. This article reviews advances in the diagnosis and treatment of IK, aiming to provide new insights for clinical management. In terms of diagnosis, in addition to conventional methods such as microbial culture and confocal microscopy, molecular diagnostic technologies—including high-throughput sequencing(NGS), CRISPR, and nanotechnology-based systems—have significantly enhanced the sensitivity and specificity of multiplex pathogen detection. These approaches are particularly valuable for identifying mixed infections and rare pathogens. Regarding treatment, in response to the growing challenge of drug resistance, novel drug delivery systems employing nanotechnology and bioactive dressings have markedly improved antibacterial efficacy by enhancing drug penetration and retention. Immunomodulatory therapy and photodynamic therapy effectively control inflammatory responses and improve outcomes. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, as well as microbiome-based therapies, have demonstrated significant advantages in reducing recurrence rates. Stem cell therapy offers new hope for repairing severe corneal damage, while gene therapy—through gene editing or transduction—strengthens the innate defense mechanisms of the cornea and reduces treatment-related side effects.

Objective:To compare the safety and efficacy of continuous transversus abdominis plane (CTAP) block and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in abdominal surgery postoperatively.Methods:PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and other English and Chinese databases were searched since their establishment to February 2021 with "continuous/modified, transversus/transverse abdominis plane block, TAP block, patient controlled analgesia, patient-controlled analgesia, patient controlled intravenous analgesia, patient-controlled intravenous analgesia, PCA/PCIA/IV-PCA" as the search keywords. According to the analgesia treatment methods, patients were divided into continuous transversus abdominis plane block group (CTAP group) and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia group (PCIA group). Review Manager 5.4 software was used to conduct a Meta-analysis on outcome indicators such as postoperative nausea and (or) vomiting (PONV), dizziness, pain score and recovery status after abdominal surgery. Risk ratio ( RR) was calculated for counting data, Mean ± SD was calculated for measurement data. Heterogeneity was measured by I2, and related data were analyzed by using either a fixed effects model or a random effects model. Results:(1) The results of literature search: A total of 6 randomized controlled trials, including 2 published in English and 4 published in Chinese were analyzed, involving 479 patients. The results of the Meta-analysis: Compared with PCIA, CTAP block had lower incidence of PONV ( RR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.08-0.62, P<0.01), lower incidence of dizziness ( RR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.09-0.79, P=0.02), lower pain scores on movement at 24 h ( MD=-0.75, 95% CI: -1.42--0.08, P=0.03) and 48 h ( MD=-0.68, 95% CI: -1.05--0.31, P<0.001) postoperatively, and earlier time of first mobilization ( MD=-0.49, 95% CI: -0.69--0.30, P<0.001) and first exhaust ( MD=-10.47, 95% CI: -13.53--7.41, P<0.001), with statistically significant differences. However, there were no statistically significant differences in pain scores at rest at 24 h ( MD=-0.25, 95% CI: -0.57-0.08, P=0.14) and 48 h ( MD=-0.15, 95% CI: -0.39-0.09, P=0.22) postoperatively and postoperative length of hospital stay ( MD=-1.01, 95% CI: -2.28-0.26, P=0.12). Conclusion:CTAP block is a relatively safe and effective analgesic method, and it′s more consistent with the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and can be recommended as an alternative method of PCIA.