Objective This study focused on the preparation of air plasma-activated water and its application in the field of disinfection.By developing single-layer and double-layer dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)devices,we aimed to prepare plasma-activated liquid with high-efficiency disinfection ability.Methods We constructed single-layer and double-layer DBD devices using air as the working gas to generate activated water.The plasma temperature variation,discharge process and emission spectrum were captured and analyzed by a thermal imager,a time-resolved enhanced camera and a high-resolution spectrometer to evaluate the efficient energy conversion and particle excitation capabilities of the device.In addition,disinfection experiments were conducted on typical microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to verify the disinfection effect of the activation solution.Results We adjusted the plasma treatment time for accurate disinfection of typical microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli,and Staphylococcus aureus.Compared with a single-layer DBD device,the double-layer DBD device could produce higher concentrations of reactive species,significantly improving the disinfection effect of the activated liquid.Conclusion By using the air plasma activated water technology,an activated solution with highly efficient disinfection capability was successfully prepared.This study not only improves the disinfection efficiency,but also has potential environmental friendliness and economy,which provides a scientific basis and technical support for the application of plasma technology in the field of disinfection.

Objective This study focused on the preparation of air plasma-activated water and its application in the field of disinfection.By developing single-layer and double-layer dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)devices,we aimed to prepare plasma-activated liquid with high-efficiency disinfection ability.Methods We constructed single-layer and double-layer DBD devices using air as the working gas to generate activated water.The plasma temperature variation,discharge process and emission spectrum were captured and analyzed by a thermal imager,a time-resolved enhanced camera and a high-resolution spectrometer to evaluate the efficient energy conversion and particle excitation capabilities of the device.In addition,disinfection experiments were conducted on typical microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to verify the disinfection effect of the activation solution.Results We adjusted the plasma treatment time for accurate disinfection of typical microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli,and Staphylococcus aureus.Compared with a single-layer DBD device,the double-layer DBD device could produce higher concentrations of reactive species,significantly improving the disinfection effect of the activated liquid.Conclusion By using the air plasma activated water technology,an activated solution with highly efficient disinfection capability was successfully prepared.This study not only improves the disinfection efficiency,but also has potential environmental friendliness and economy,which provides a scientific basis and technical support for the application of plasma technology in the field of disinfection.

Objective This study aimed to explore clinical characteristics of four types of obesity based on metabolic classification. Methods Forty-eight obese patients were divided according to their clinical characteristics into 4 groups including metabolic healthy obesity (MHO), hypometabolic obesity (LMO), hypermetabolic obesity (HMO), and metabolic obesity with inflammation (IMO). 20 normal weight individuals were also recruited as a control group. Body fat, body weight, visceral index, and basal metabolism were measured by Omron body fat meter. Fat content and its distribution were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. All participating patients underwent various tests for 75 g oral glucose tolerance, blood glucose, insulin, C peptide. Lipid profile, thyroid function and sex hormones levels, and inflammation factors were also measured. Results (1)Patients in MHO group had higher body fat content, but had no metabolic disorder and inflammation. Their hormones levels were normal. (2) Lower metabolic rate and lower hormones levels were found in the patients in LMO group with increasing visceral fat. Trunk/subcutaneous fat mass was significantly higher than that in MHO group(1. 19 ± 0. 25 vs 0. 97 ± 0. 32, P<0. 05). There were abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism in LMO group. The insulin action index was significantly lower than that in MHO group(0. 006 6 ± 0. 002 7 vs 0. 012 1 ± 0. 009 5, P<0. 05). The area under the curve of glucoseconcentrationwassignificantlyhigherinLMOgroupthanthatinMHOgroup[(18.71±8.68vs12.70±4.63) mmol/L, P<0. 05]. (3)Heart rate and blood pressure were higher in HMO group. The heart rate was significantly increased compared with that in MHO group [(90. 50 ± 8. 24 vs 73. 20 ± 14. 11) beat/min, P<0. 05]. The waist circumference was significantly larger than that in MHO group [(111. 88 ± 10. 54 vs 98. 05 ± 15. 56) cm, P<0. 05]. (4) In IMO group, insulin action index was significantly lower than MHO group (0. 007 0 ± 0. 003 3 vs 0.0121±0.0095,P<0.05). ThetrunkfatmassanduricacidlevelsweresignificantlyhigherthanMHOgroup [(17236.38±4610.60vs15816.10±5453.42)gand(468.28±121.32vs376.84±97.14) μmol/L,bothP<0. 05]. Patients in IMO group had acanthosis nigricans, but their glucose level was relatively normal. Conclusion The metabolic-based obese diagnosis is essential for understanding the obesity etiology and providing individualized treatment.