Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract and adversely affects the quality of life of patients and the healthcare burden on society. Currently, drug therapy alone can achieve clinical remission in some patients, but it cannot break through the ceiling of what can be achieved with current therapies, and new therapeutic options still need to be found. Neuro-immunity-inflammation is closely related to each other, and the potential role of neuroelectric stimulation in modulating inflammatory response has made it a hot spot in the study of IBD treatment. However, the intrinsic mechanism of action is still unexplained and needs to be explored by further studies. This review discusses the role and mechanisms of vagus nerve electrical stimulation, sacral nerve electrical stimulation, tibial nerve electrical stimulation and other neuromodulation methods.

Objective: To investigate whether fibroblast growth factor 18(FGF18) can induce human gingival fibroblasts(HGFs) isolatedin vitroto differentiate into osteoblast-like cells, and to explore the mechanism of osteogenesis. Methods : HGFs were isolated, cultured and identified by tissue block method. The third generation of HGFs were divided into experimental group and control group. FGF18 and L-DMEM was added to the experimental group while L-DMEM was added to the control group.The effects of different concentrations of FGF18(0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 mg/L) on proliferation of HGFs were detected by Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and alizarin red staining were used to detect the osteogenesis and mineralization ability of the cells after induction. RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry staining, and Western blot were used to detect the expression of genes and proteins related to osteogenesis and BMP2 in the BMP signaling pathway. Results: Compared with the control group, the experimental group could promote the proliferation of HGFs at 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11days(P<0.05),ALP activity and mineral salt deposition increased after induction at 14 and 21 days(P<0.05), and the expressions of ALP, OPN, OCN mRNA and BMP2 mRNA in BMP signaling pathway significantly increased(P<0.01). The expressions of OPN, OCN and BMP2 protein at 21 days were significantly higher than those at 14 days(P<0.01). Conclusion FGF18 can promote the proliferation of HGFs, and induce the differentiation of HGFs into functional osteoblasts. The osteogenic mechanism is related to the upregulation of BMP2.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract and adversely affects the quality of life of patients and the healthcare burden on society. Currently, drug therapy alone can achieve clinical remission in some patients, but it cannot break through the ceiling of what can be achieved with current therapies, and new therapeutic options still need to be found. Neuro-immunity-inflammation is closely related to each other, and the potential role of neuroelectric stimulation in modulating inflammatory response has made it a hot spot in the study of IBD treatment. However, the intrinsic mechanism of action is still unexplained and needs to be explored by further studies. This review discusses the role and mechanisms of vagus nerve electrical stimulation, sacral nerve electrical stimulation, tibial nerve electrical stimulation and other neuromodulation methods.

BACKGROUND:Cistanoside A has the effects of anti-inflammation,antioxidation,antioxidation,reducing renal damage and anti-osteoporosis,but its effect on osteoclast differentiation,function and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Cistanoside A on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand(RANKL)in vitro and its mechanism. METHODS:Bone marrow macrophages were obtained from the femur and tibia of 4-6-week-old C57BL/6 mice.The cytotoxic effect of Cistanoside A(5,10,20,40,80,and 160 μmol/L)on bone marrow macrophage viability was examined using the cell counting kit-8 assay kit.Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining was performed to observe the effect of different concentrations of Cistanoside A on osteoblast differentiation and its effective intervention concentration was determined.There was positive control group,Cistanoside A low,medium,and high dose groups(40,80,and 160 μmol/L).After cell attachment,50 ng/mL RANKL was added to induce osteoblast differentiation,and the corresponding dose of Cistanoside A was added to the Cistanoside A low,medium,and high dose groups,respectively.F-actin ring and 2-(4-Amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride staining were performed to detect the effects of Cistanoside A on the formation of osteoclasts.Toluidine blue staining of bone abrasion slices was used to observe the effects of Cistanoside A on bone resorption function of osteoclasts.The expression of upstream and downstream proteins of the JNK/MAPK pathway was detected by Western blot.The expression of genes related to osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption function such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,DC-STAMP,Nfatc-1,Ctsk and c-Fos was detected by RT-qPCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining,F-actin ring staining and resorption pit assay showed that Cistanoside A significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner compared with the positive control group.The results of RT-qPCR showed that compared with the positive control group,both high and low dose groups of Cistanoside A could significantly downregulate the mRNA expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase,DC-STAMP,Nfatc-1,Ctsk and c-Fos in a dose-dependent manner.The results of western blot assay showed that the high dose group of Cistanoside A significantly inhibited the expression of p-JNK protein at 10,20,30 and 60 minutes of intervention;compared with the positive control group,Cistanoside A significantly inhibited the expression of Nfatc1 and c-Fos proteins in a dose-dependent manner.To conclude,Cistanoside A could inhibit the formation and bone resorption of osteoclasts by reducing the level of p-JNK protein,inhibiting the activation of MAPK pathway and the expression of key genes in osteoclasts.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common and fatal non communicable disease in the world. Hypertension accounts for a large proportion of global non communicable diseases. Irisin was first discovered and named in 2012. As a muscle myokine, irisin has the function of regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Exercise can promote irisin' participation in energy metabolism in the body. At the same time, it has been found that irisin can intervene in the development of hypertension and have a positive effect on the improvement of hypertension. Therefore, this paper reviews research on the relationship between irisin and hypertension, summarizes the mechanism of irisin’ action on vascular function in hypertension, and analyzes the effect of irisin on blood pressure under exercise intervention.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by emotion dysregulation. Whether implicit emotion regulation can compensate for this deficit remains unknown. In this study, we recruited 159 subjects who were healthy controls, had subclinical depression, or had MDD, and examined them under baseline, implicit, and explicit reappraisal conditions. Explicit reappraisal led to the most negative feelings and the largest parietal late positive potential (parietal LPP, an index of emotion intensity) in the MDD group compared to the other two groups; the group difference was absent under the other two conditions. MDD patients showed larger regulatory effects in the LPP during implicit than explicit reappraisal, whereas healthy controls showed a reversed pattern. Furthermore, the frontal P3, an index of voluntary cognitive control, showed larger amplitudes in explicit reappraisal compared to baseline in the healthy and subclinical groups, but not in the MDD group, while implicit reappraisal did not increase P3 across groups. These findings suggest that implicit reappraisal is beneficial for clinical depression.
Humans ; Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology* ; Emotional Regulation ; Depression ; Emotions/physiology* ; Cognition/physiology*

Evidence suggests that explicit reappraisal has limited regulatory effects on high-intensity emotions, mainly due to the depletion of cognitive resources occupied by the high-intensity emotional stimulus itself. The implicit form of reappraisal has proved to be resource-saving and therefore might be an ideal strategy to achieve the desired regulatory effect in high-intensity situations. In this study, we explored the regulatory effect of explicit and implicit reappraisal when participants encountered low- and high-intensity negative images. The subjective emotional rating indicated that both explicit and implicit reappraisal down-regulated negative experiences, irrespective of intensity. However, the amplitude of the parietal late positive potential (LPP; a neural index of experienced emotional intensity) showed that only implicit reappraisal had significant regulatory effects in the high-intensity context, though both explicit and implicit reappraisal successfully reduced the emotional neural responses elicited by low-intensity negative images. Meanwhile, implicit reappraisal led to a smaller frontal LPP amplitude (an index of cognitive cost) compared to explicit reappraisal, indicating that the implementation of implicit reappraisal consumes limited cognitive control resources. Furthermore, we found a prolonged effect of implicit emotion regulation introduced by training procedures. Taken together, these findings not only reveal that implicit reappraisal is suitable to relieve high-intensity negative experiences as well as neural responses, but also highlight the potential benefit of trained implicit regulation in clinical populations whose frontal control resources are limited.
Humans ; Emotional Regulation ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials/physiology* ; Cognition/physiology* ; Emotions/physiology*

Objective:To investigate the technical key points and clinical effects of laparoscopic surgery using the subgastric approach for infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN).Methods:From October 2020 to October 2021, The clinical data of 6 patients with IPN after severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) undergoing laparoscopic surgery using the subgastric approach at First Hospital and Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University was retrospectively analyzed. Parameters in this report included the operation time, estimated blood loss, and the patient's vital signs, inflammatory marker CRP, and WBC before operation and postoperative 24 h, 3 d, and 1 w, and postoperative complications including pancreatic leakage, organ failure, bleeding, and abdominal infection and incision infection. Follow-up after surgery was completed in outpatient checkups and long-term complications were recorded.Results:There were 4 male and 2 female patients. The median age of the 6 patients was 50 (43.5, 56.5) years. Laparoscopic debridement surgery using the subgastric approach was successfully completed in all the patients and no reoperation was needed. The median operation time was 65 (52.5, 85) min; the median estimated blood loss was 20 (25, 37.5) ml. Median APACHEⅡ score one day before surgery was 11.5 (10.25, 12.75) and the median MCTSI score at initial admission was 8 (7, 8). The inflammatory parameters including CRP, WBC, and neutrophil count on postoperative day 3 and 1w were significantly lower than those before surgery, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P value <0.05). One patient had a postoperative pancreatic fistula and was alleviated after ERCP with pancreatic stent implantation. Another patient had a incision infection after surgery and recovered after complete surgical drainage of the abdominal wall incision. No patients had complications such as heart, lung, and kidney failure, abdominal hemorrhage and infection. During the follow-up, 5 of 6 patients had no newly-occurred diabetes, except one patient who had diabetes before the operation. None of the 6 patients had recurrent IPN. Conclusions:Laparoscopic surgery using the subgastric approach for infected IPN in lesser omental sac is safe and feasible.

OBJECTIVE：To systematically evaluate therape utic efficacy of Yixinshu preparation combined with conventional treatment plan for angina pectoris of coronary heart disease （CHD）vs. conventional treatment plan ，and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical drug use. METHODS ：Retrieved from Cochrane library ，PubMed，Embase，CBM，CNKI，Wanfang database and VIP ，randomized controlled trials （RCTs）about Yixinshu preparation combined with conventional treatment plan （trial group ） versus conventional treatment plan （control group ）for angina pectoris of coronary heart disease were collected during Jan. 1st in 2012 to Oct. 1st in 2020. After extracting the data ，the quality of included studies were evaluated with Cochrane System Evaluator Handbook 5.3；Meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 15.0 software. RESULTS ：A total of 23 RCTs involving 2 853 subjects were included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the efficacy of angina pectoris [RR ＝0.92，95％CI（0.87，0.97），P＜0.05]， the times of angina pectoris attack [SMD ＝－0.98，95％CI（－1.09，－0.87），P＜0.05]，the duration of angina pectoris [SMD ＝ －0.77，95％CI（－0.88，－0.67），P＜0.05]，ECG curative effect [RR ＝0.91，95％CI（0.84，0.98），P＜0.05] and the improve rate of TCM syndromes [RR ＝0.89，95％CI（0.85，0.94），P＜0.05] in trial group were all better than control group ，with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS ：Yixinshu preparation combined with conventional treatment plan is better than conventional treatment plan in terms of improving therapeutic efficacy of angina pectoris and ECG ，TCM syndrome improvement rate ，as well as reducing the frequency of angina pectoris attack ，angina pectoris attack duration.