Objective: To analyze the characteristics of latent classes of dietary patterns among children and adolescents in Qinghai Province, and their association with overweight and obesity, so as to provide a scientific basis for conducting targeted nutritional interventions and weight management for the local population. Methods: From May to October 2025, a multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to recruit 1 611 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years from Chengdong District of Xining City and Gonghe County of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province. Questionnaire survey was conducted using a questionnaire developed by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and physical examination was conducted by using unified measurement standards. Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed on the food intake frequency of the participants. The χ 2 test and Logistic regression analysis were applied to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity. Results: The detection rates of overweight, obesity, and overall overweight/obesity among the participants were 10.4%, 5.8%, and 16.2%, respectively. Latent class analysis identified three dietary patterns: modern mixed pattern ( n =399, 24.8%), low diversity pattern ( n =476, 29.5%), and traditional dietary pattern ( n =736, 45.7%). The potential category distribution differences of three dietary patterns among children and adolescents with and without overweight or obesity were statistically significant (non overweight and obesity: 22.5%, 29.1%, 48.4%; overweight and obesity: 36.4%, 31.8%, 31.8%) ( χ 2=30.69, P <0.01). Logistic regression showed that, compared with the traditional dietary pattern, the modern mixed pattern was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity ( OR =1.68, 95% CI =1.13-2.49); female sex was associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity compared with male sex ( OR =0.66, 95% CI =0.50-0.86) (both P <0.05). Conclusions A positive association exists between the modern mixed dietary pattern and obesity in children and adolescents. It is recommended to reduce the intake of grains and unhealthy foods among overweight and obese children and adolescents, while increasing the consumption of legumes, fish, and shrimp, in order to cultivate healthy and rational dietary habits.

Objective To investigate the treatment effect of Xunjing Tongbian Guasha technique in skin itching of blood deficiency and wind-dryness type uremia.Methods Eighty patients with blood deficiency and wind-dryness type uremia skin itching treated in this hospital were selected as the study subjects and divided into the control group and experiment group by using the random number table method,40 cases in each group.The control group adopted the simple conventional treatment regimen and the experimental group a-dopted the combined intervention of Tongbian Guasha on the basis of the control group.The itching VAS score,PSOI score and QOL-BRIEF score were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the itching VAS score in the experiment group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05);after treatment,the each dimensional scores of PSQI in the two groups were lower than those before treatment in the same group,moreover the scores in each dimension in the experiment group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The each dimensional scores of QOL-BRIEF after treatment in the two groups were higher than those before treatment in the same group,moreover the each dimensional scores in the experiment group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Xunjing Tongbian Guasha tech-nique could effectively relieve the itching symptoms of the patients with blood deficiency wind-dryness type uremia and improve the quality of sleep and life.

BACKGROUND: The STAR (Scientific, Transparent, and Applicable Rankings) working group conducts regular evaluations of Chinese guidelines and consensus statements. This study gathered insights from STAR working group members using qualitative interviews. METHODS: From March to August 2023, members of the STAR specialist committees were interviewed using semi-structured interview outline. The interviewees were selected through purpose-based sampling. Subject analysis was employed to summarize the findings. RESULTS: We conducted interviews with 37 members from 36 committees and summarized the contents into four main themes and 16 specific topics. The value of STAR in enhancing the development and selection of high-quality guidelines in China was commonly mentioned. Challenges identified included the lack of resources and suboptimal organizational structures, collaboration, and evaluation efficiency. Suggestions for the STAR tool included developing extensions for different guideline types, adjusting certain items, and better covering guideline applicability. The promotion of STAR and the consideration of an international committee for global outreach were also highlighted. CONCLUSION STAR has exerted a substantial influence on the evaluation of Chinese guidelines, and the insights gained from interviews offer valuable directions for its further enhancement.
Humans ; China ; Qualitative Research ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Interviews as Topic

Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, has demonstrated remarkable performance in medical imaging across a variety of modalities, including X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, positron emission tomography (PET), and pathological imaging. However, most existing state-of-the-art AI techniques are task-specific and focus on a limited range of imaging modalities. Compared to these task-specific models, emerging foundation models represent a significant milestone in AI development. These models can learn generalized representations of medical images and apply them to downstream tasks through zero-shot or few-shot fine-tuning. Foundation models have the potential to address the comprehensive and multifactorial challenges encountered in clinical practice. This article reviews the clinical applications of both task-specific and foundation models, highlighting their differences, complementarities, and clinical relevance. We also examine their future research directions and potential challenges. Unlike the replacement relationship seen between deep learning and traditional machine learning, task-specific and foundation models are complementary, despite inherent differences. While foundation models primarily focus on segmentation and classification, task-specific models are integrated into nearly all medical image analyses. However, with further advancements, foundation models could be applied to other clinical scenarios. In conclusion, all indications suggest that task-specific and foundation models, especially the latter, have the potential to drive breakthroughs in medical imaging, from image processing to clinical workflows.
Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Deep Learning ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Positron-Emission Tomography

Objective: The study aimed to review the oncological characteristics and treatment of pregnancy-associated cancers and analyze the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to provide evidence-based recommendations for reproductive function preservation, oncological treatment, and obstetric management. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study among pregnant patients with cancer in 7 Chinese tertiary A hospitals from 2003 to 2021. We conducted multiple logistic regression to determine the influence of various factors on preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants, log-binomial regression to analyze temporal changes, and χ 2 tests to explore the effects of cancer type/treatment. Results: Of 204 women, 17% terminated their pregnancies; 59% received pre-delivery treatment. Every 6 years, the rates of pregnancy termination (relative risk [RR]=0.48;95% confidence interval [CI]=0.35–0.67) and iatrogenic preterm births (RR=0.73; 95% CI=0.54–0.98) reduced, and that of pre-delivery treatment increased, mainly due to increased rates of surgery (RR=1.87; 95% CI=1.31–2.67). Maternal systemic diseases were related to small-for-gestational-age infants (odds ratio [OR]=12.02; 95% CI=1.82–79.43).Chemotherapy with taxanes plus platinum-based agents was related to adverse obstetric outcomes (OR=1.87; 95% CI=1.42–2.46; p<0.05). Thyroid (OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.22–0.57) and ovarian cancer (OR=0.70; 95% CI=0.50–0.98) were associated with fewer cesarean sections.Thyroid cancer was associated with fetal growth restriction (OR=5.21; 95% CI=1.21–22.55). Conclusion Rates of pregnancy termination in cancer declined. Taxane plus platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Cancer type influenced outcomes.

Objective: The study aimed to review the oncological characteristics and treatment of pregnancy-associated cancers and analyze the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to provide evidence-based recommendations for reproductive function preservation, oncological treatment, and obstetric management. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study among pregnant patients with cancer in 7 Chinese tertiary A hospitals from 2003 to 2021. We conducted multiple logistic regression to determine the influence of various factors on preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants, log-binomial regression to analyze temporal changes, and χ 2 tests to explore the effects of cancer type/treatment. Results: Of 204 women, 17% terminated their pregnancies; 59% received pre-delivery treatment. Every 6 years, the rates of pregnancy termination (relative risk [RR]=0.48;95% confidence interval [CI]=0.35–0.67) and iatrogenic preterm births (RR=0.73; 95% CI=0.54–0.98) reduced, and that of pre-delivery treatment increased, mainly due to increased rates of surgery (RR=1.87; 95% CI=1.31–2.67). Maternal systemic diseases were related to small-for-gestational-age infants (odds ratio [OR]=12.02; 95% CI=1.82–79.43).Chemotherapy with taxanes plus platinum-based agents was related to adverse obstetric outcomes (OR=1.87; 95% CI=1.42–2.46; p<0.05). Thyroid (OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.22–0.57) and ovarian cancer (OR=0.70; 95% CI=0.50–0.98) were associated with fewer cesarean sections.Thyroid cancer was associated with fetal growth restriction (OR=5.21; 95% CI=1.21–22.55). Conclusion Rates of pregnancy termination in cancer declined. Taxane plus platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Cancer type influenced outcomes.

Objective: The study aimed to review the oncological characteristics and treatment of pregnancy-associated cancers and analyze the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to provide evidence-based recommendations for reproductive function preservation, oncological treatment, and obstetric management. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study among pregnant patients with cancer in 7 Chinese tertiary A hospitals from 2003 to 2021. We conducted multiple logistic regression to determine the influence of various factors on preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants, log-binomial regression to analyze temporal changes, and χ 2 tests to explore the effects of cancer type/treatment. Results: Of 204 women, 17% terminated their pregnancies; 59% received pre-delivery treatment. Every 6 years, the rates of pregnancy termination (relative risk [RR]=0.48;95% confidence interval [CI]=0.35–0.67) and iatrogenic preterm births (RR=0.73; 95% CI=0.54–0.98) reduced, and that of pre-delivery treatment increased, mainly due to increased rates of surgery (RR=1.87; 95% CI=1.31–2.67). Maternal systemic diseases were related to small-for-gestational-age infants (odds ratio [OR]=12.02; 95% CI=1.82–79.43).Chemotherapy with taxanes plus platinum-based agents was related to adverse obstetric outcomes (OR=1.87; 95% CI=1.42–2.46; p<0.05). Thyroid (OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.22–0.57) and ovarian cancer (OR=0.70; 95% CI=0.50–0.98) were associated with fewer cesarean sections.Thyroid cancer was associated with fetal growth restriction (OR=5.21; 95% CI=1.21–22.55). Conclusion Rates of pregnancy termination in cancer declined. Taxane plus platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Cancer type influenced outcomes.

Objective:To observe the effect of nutrition intervention and exercise rehabilitation treatment on the sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study. From March 2019 to September 2020, 101 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with sarcopenia treated in the Department of Endocrinology of Tianjin Third Central Hospital were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into four groups with propensity score matching method: sarcopenia education group without nutrition and resistance training group (group A, n=22), simple nutrition intervention group (group B, n=28), nutritional intervention combined with resistance training group (group C, n=27) and nutritional intervention combined with aerobic and resistance training group (group D, n=24). All the patients were intervened for 24 weeks, two patients in groups C and D dropped due to their own reasons. The 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (25(OH)D 3), grip strength, muscle mass of the limbs and short physical performance battery (SPPB) scores were measured before and 24 weeks after the intervention in all the participants. Results:After the intervention, the 25(OH)D 3 levels in the B, C, D groups was (33.45±4.05), (33.68±4.69), (34.28±5.58) μg/L, respectively, all were higher than those before the treatment (all P<0.01), and there was no significant differences among the three groups ( P>0.05). The muscle mass in the B, C, D groups after intervention was 5.650 (5.102, 6.658), 6.601 (6.007, 7.156) and 6.520 (6.017, 7.302) kg/m 2, respectively, all were significantly higher than those before the treatment (all P<0.01); the muscle mass in group C and D increased more significantly than that in group B ( P<0.01), but there was no significant differences between group C and D ( P>0.05). After the intervention, the muscle strength in the C and D groups was 20.60 (19.20, 24.55) kg and 21.15 (19.43, 26.63) kg, and the SPPB scores was 8.00 (7.00, 9.00) points and 8.00 (8.00, 9.00) points, respectively, all were higher than those before the intervention (all P<0.01), but there was no significant differences between the two groups(both P>0.05). The SPPB function score in group D was better than that in group C, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Nutritional intervention can improve the muscle mass in elderly type 2 diabetes patients with sarcopenia. Combined with rehabilitation training, the muscle strength and muscle function of these patients could also be improved, and the improvement of muscle mass is better than that in patients receiving nutritional intervention only. In terms of increasing muscle strength, the two kinds of rehabilitation training are equivalent. If combined with aerobic exercise, it can also improve the muscle function of these patients.

Objective:To deeply understand the psychological experience of depression adolescents with suicidal ideation.Methods:This was a qualitative study. From June to August 2022, purposive sampling was used to select 18 depression adolescents with suicidal ideation who visited the Children and Adolescent Mental Health Joint Clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University as the research subject. We conducted semi-structured interviews with adolescents, and applied the Colaizzi 7-step analysis method to summarize and extract themes.Results:A total of 2 themes were summarized, including the accumulation of negative sensations and cognition promoted suicidal ideation (unbearable negative emotions, lack of understanding and care, one-sided understanding of life and death) , and having connections, attention, and awe could reduced suicidal ideation (with concern and constraint, fear and awe of death, attention from others and immediate feedback) .Conclusions:Medical and nursing staff should attach great importance to the psychological feelings of depression adolescents with suicidal ideation, and construct effective management methods for the psychological rehabilitation of adolescents.

Terpene synthase (TPS) plays important roles in the synthesis of terpenoids which are the main fragrances in Rhododendron flowers. To understand the function of TPS genes in terpenoid metabolism in relation to flower aroma formation, we identified all TPS gene family members in Rhododendron by analyzing its genome database. We then used a transcriptomic approach to analyze the differential gene expression patterns of TPS gene family members in the scented flower Rhododendron fortunei compared to the non-scented flower Rhododendron 'Nova Zembla'. The contents of terpenoid compounds in petals of the above two Rhododendron species at different developmental stages were also measured by using qRT-PCR and head space-solid phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our results showed that a total of 47 RsTPS members, with individual lengths ranged from 591 to 2 634 bp, were identified in the Rhododendron genome. The number of exons in RsTPS gene ranged from 3 to 12, while the length of each protein encoded ranged from 196 to 877 amino acids. Members of the RsTPS family are mainly distributed in the chloroplast and cytoplasm. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RsTPS genes can be clustered into 5 subgroups. Seven gene family members can be functionally annotated as TPS gene family since they were temporally and spatially expressed as shown in the transcriptome data. Notably, TPS1, TPS10, TPS12 and TPS13 in Rhododendron fortunei were expressed highly in flower buds reached the peak in the full blossoming. Correlation analysis between gene expression levels and terpenoid content indicates that the expression levels of TPS1, TPS4, TPS9, TPS10, TPS12 and TPS13 were positively correlated with the content of terpenoids in the petals of R. fortunei at all flower developmental stages, suggesting that these six genes might be involved in the aroma formation in R. fortunei.
Rhododendron/metabolism* ; Phylogeny ; Terpenes/metabolism* ; Family ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant