Objective　To investigate the association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the state of sustained immune response after hepatitis B vaccination, to explore the possibility to predict the effect of hepatitis B vaccination.Methods　Data were analysed from 10 153 individuals aged 18 years and older who had received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine and met the inclusion criteria in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018. They were divided into seropositive and seronegative groups based on the results of post-vaccination hepatitis B marker testing. The association between NLR and sustained immune response status after hepatitis B vaccination was assessed using a variety of methods, including multivariate weighted logistic regression models, generalised linear analysis, and smoothed curve fitting.Results　This study included 10 153 subjects with a mean age of 35.36 years, 42.82% male and 57.18% female. Adjusted multivariate weighted logistic regression models showed that for each unit increase in NLR level, the odds of a sustained immune response after hepatitis B vaccination decreased by 7% (OR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.88-0.97). Stratified analysis of NLR levels showed that the odds of a sustained immune response were 37% lower in the group with the highest NLR levels (T4) compared with the lowest group (T1) (OR=0.63, 95%CI: 0.47-0.85), and the odds of a sustained immune response were 30% lower in the T3 group compared with the T1 group (OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.53-0.91). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a non-linear relationship between NLR and sustained immune response status after hepatitis B vaccination (P non-linear<0.05), approximating an 'L' curve. Inflection point analysis showed that when NLR <2.16, elevated NLR significantly reduced the occurrence of sustained immune response status after hepatitis B vaccination; when NLR >2.16, the effect of its elevation on the production of sustained immune response after vaccination leveled off.Conclusion　NLR levels were negatively associated with the development of a sustained immune response after hepatitis B vaccination. Lower NLR levels have a strong positive correlation with sustained immune response after hepatitis B vaccination, whereas higher NLR levels may attenuate the effect of hepatitis B vaccination.

OBJECTIVE To optimize ethanol extraction process of Yihuang powder. METHODS An orthogonal experiment was designed by reflux extraction with ethanol volume fraction， liquid-to-material ratio， and extraction time as investigation factors. The parameters used were the contents of hesperidin， nobiletin， tangeretin， gallic acid， chebulagic acid， chebulinic acid， liquiritin， glycyrrhizin， eugenol， and the paste-forming rate. The analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was used to calculate the comprehensive score. The optimal ethanol extraction process parameters of Yihuang powder were determined by verifying the results predicted by orthogonal experiment and genetic algorithm （GA）-back propagation neural network （BP neural network）. RESULTS The optimal ethanol extraction process parameters， as optimized by orthogonal experiment， were as follows: ethanol volume fraction of 60%， liquid-solid ratio of 14∶1 （mL/g)， extraction time of 90 min， and extraction for 2 times. The comprehensive score obtained by verification was 79.19. Meanwhile， the optimal ethanol extraction process parameters， optimized by GA-BP neural network， were ethanol volume fraction of 65%， liquid-solid ratio of 14∶1 （mL/g )， extraction time of 60 min， and extraction for 2 times. The comprehensive score obtained by verification was 85.30， higher than the results obtained from orthogonal experiment. CONCLUSIONS The optimization method of orthogonal experiment combined with GA-BP neural network is superior to the traditional orthogonal experiment optimization method. The optimized ethanol extraction process of Yihuang powder is stable and reliable.

Objective To investigate the value of radiomics nomogram model based on enhanced CT for predicting postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).Methods The clinical and abdominal imaging data of 82 patients who underwent PD were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into training set and validation set at a ratio of 3∶2.In the venous phase of CT,the maximum slice of the pancreatic duct was selected to delineate the region of interest(ROI),and the features were extracted and screened to construct the radiomics model.The independent risk factors associated with POPF were screened by univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses to construct the clinical model.A nomogram model was created by combining Radiomics score(Radscore)and clinical risk factors.The diagnostic performance of the model was verified by the vali-dation set.Results The nomogram model demonstrated significant predictive power,with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.862 and 0.806 in the training set and validation set,respectively.Conclusion The nomogram model exhibits excellent predictive performance and outperforms the clinical model and radiomics model in predicting POPF,which can provide important guidance for clinical deci-sion-making.

Natural killer(NK)cells are important members of innate immune system,playing an important role in anti-viral and anti-tumor responses.Development and differentiation of NK cells go through multiple stages and are regulated by a variety of factors.Conventional NK(cNK)cells,which are widely present in peripheral tissues of adult organisms,mainly develop from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)through common lymphoid progenitors(CLPs)and NK cell precursors(NKPs).Transcrip-tion factors play a key role in regulating differentiation of hematopoietic precursors into NK cells.In recent years,with discovery and in-depth study of other members of innate lymphoid cells(ILCs)family,it has been revealed that NK cells have a developmental path-way independent of other ILC subsets,development and differentiation stages of NK cells have been more finely defined,and a series of transcription factors regulating development and differentiation of NK cells at various stages have been gradually discovered.This article focuses on definition of NK cell development stages and regulation of transcription factors,which will improve our understanding of development and differentiation of NK cells.

Objective:To explore the effect of communication competence and psychological resilience on job burnout among Operating Room nurses.Methods:From March to June 2023, randomized clustering sampling was used to select 138 registered Operating Room nurses from four ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Taizhou for investigation. The survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire, Operating Room Nurses' Job Stressor Scale, Chinese version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Nurses' Clinic Communication Competence Scale, and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to explore the effects of communication competence and psychological resilience on job burnout among Operating Room nurses.Results:A total of 138 questionnaires were sent out, and 133 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 96.38% (133/138). Among 133 Operating Room nurses, the job burnout score was (56.35±9.28), and the communication competence, psychological resilience, and work stress scale scores were (196.71±18.92), (78.09±18.31), and (96.37±22.47), respectively. Pearson correlation showed that job burnout among Operating Room nurses was negatively correlated with psychological resilience ( r=-0.475, P<0.01) and communication competence ( r=-0.241, P<0.01), and positively correlated with work stress ( r=0.360, P<0.01). Hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that, after controlling for other variables, psychological resilience and communication competence were the influencing factors of job burnout among Operating Room nurses ( P<0.01), which could explain 17.70% of the variation. Conclusions:The level of job burnout among Operating Room nurses is relatively high, and psychological resilience and communication competence are independent influencing factors. Managers can provide psychological counseling and support services for Operating Room nurses, offer communication competence training programs, and prevent and reduce job burnout among Operating Room nurses.

Objective: The study aimed to review the oncological characteristics and treatment of pregnancy-associated cancers and analyze the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to provide evidence-based recommendations for reproductive function preservation, oncological treatment, and obstetric management. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study among pregnant patients with cancer in 7 Chinese tertiary A hospitals from 2003 to 2021. We conducted multiple logistic regression to determine the influence of various factors on preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants, log-binomial regression to analyze temporal changes, and χ 2 tests to explore the effects of cancer type/treatment. Results: Of 204 women, 17% terminated their pregnancies; 59% received pre-delivery treatment. Every 6 years, the rates of pregnancy termination (relative risk [RR]=0.48;95% confidence interval [CI]=0.35–0.67) and iatrogenic preterm births (RR=0.73; 95% CI=0.54–0.98) reduced, and that of pre-delivery treatment increased, mainly due to increased rates of surgery (RR=1.87; 95% CI=1.31–2.67). Maternal systemic diseases were related to small-for-gestational-age infants (odds ratio [OR]=12.02; 95% CI=1.82–79.43).Chemotherapy with taxanes plus platinum-based agents was related to adverse obstetric outcomes (OR=1.87; 95% CI=1.42–2.46; p<0.05). Thyroid (OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.22–0.57) and ovarian cancer (OR=0.70; 95% CI=0.50–0.98) were associated with fewer cesarean sections.Thyroid cancer was associated with fetal growth restriction (OR=5.21; 95% CI=1.21–22.55). Conclusion Rates of pregnancy termination in cancer declined. Taxane plus platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Cancer type influenced outcomes.

Objective: The study aimed to review the oncological characteristics and treatment of pregnancy-associated cancers and analyze the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to provide evidence-based recommendations for reproductive function preservation, oncological treatment, and obstetric management. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study among pregnant patients with cancer in 7 Chinese tertiary A hospitals from 2003 to 2021. We conducted multiple logistic regression to determine the influence of various factors on preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants, log-binomial regression to analyze temporal changes, and χ 2 tests to explore the effects of cancer type/treatment. Results: Of 204 women, 17% terminated their pregnancies; 59% received pre-delivery treatment. Every 6 years, the rates of pregnancy termination (relative risk [RR]=0.48;95% confidence interval [CI]=0.35–0.67) and iatrogenic preterm births (RR=0.73; 95% CI=0.54–0.98) reduced, and that of pre-delivery treatment increased, mainly due to increased rates of surgery (RR=1.87; 95% CI=1.31–2.67). Maternal systemic diseases were related to small-for-gestational-age infants (odds ratio [OR]=12.02; 95% CI=1.82–79.43).Chemotherapy with taxanes plus platinum-based agents was related to adverse obstetric outcomes (OR=1.87; 95% CI=1.42–2.46; p<0.05). Thyroid (OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.22–0.57) and ovarian cancer (OR=0.70; 95% CI=0.50–0.98) were associated with fewer cesarean sections.Thyroid cancer was associated with fetal growth restriction (OR=5.21; 95% CI=1.21–22.55). Conclusion Rates of pregnancy termination in cancer declined. Taxane plus platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Cancer type influenced outcomes.

Objective To explore and analyze the prescription patterns of Professor Zhou Min in treating primary liver cancer at different stages according to the China Liver Cancer Staging (CNLC) system. Methods The clinical records of outpatients with primary liver cancer treated by Professor Zhou Min were collected and entered into the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (Version 2.50) to establish a database. Data mining methods such as frequency analysis, drug association analysis, and cluster analysis were employed, the pathogenesis of primary liver cancer the prescription patterns at different stages was explored and medication rules were analyzed according to Professor Zhou Min's experience in treating liver cancer at various CNLC stages. Results A total of 202 prescriptions from 113 patients with primary liver cancer were collected, involving 230 traditional Chinese medicines. The high-frequency drugs and drug combinations at each stage were identified. The drugs with higher frequencies at each stage included Fuling, Chenpi, Yiyiren, fried Baishu, and Fabanxia. For stage Ⅰ, high-frequency drugs also included Zhongjiefeng, Xiangfu, Jiangcan, and Jianghuang. For stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ, high-frequency drugs further encompassed Zhongjiefeng, Xianhecao, Banzhilian, Baihua Sheshecao, Jiangcan, Zeqi, Xiangfu, and Maidong. For stage Ⅳ, high-frequency drugs also include Maydis stigma, Huoxiang, fried Maiya, Jineijin, and fried Guya. The majority of the drugs were cold in nature, with sweet and bitter tastes being the most common, and their meridian tropism were mostly distributed in the spleen and stomach meridians. The drug combinations with higher frequencies at each stage were mostly derived from Sijunzi Decoction and Erchen Decoction. The drug efficacies were mainly heat-clearing and dampness-resolving. Cluster analysis screened out new prescriptions with unique characteristics at each stage. Conclusion By performing data mining on the prescriptions used by Professor Zhou Min in treating primary liver cancer at various CNLC stages through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Platform, combined with his understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical experience of the disease, the pathogenesis characteristics of primary liver cancer are summarized as dampness-heat, phlegm, and toxin accumulation, as well as qi and yin deficiency. The basic treatment methods established are heat-clearing and dampness-resolving, spleen-invigorating and yin-nourishing, with an emphasis on strengthening the body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors and stage-based treatment. Flexible prescriptions and medications are used for different complications.

Objective: The study aimed to review the oncological characteristics and treatment of pregnancy-associated cancers and analyze the obstetric and neonatal outcomes to provide evidence-based recommendations for reproductive function preservation, oncological treatment, and obstetric management. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study among pregnant patients with cancer in 7 Chinese tertiary A hospitals from 2003 to 2021. We conducted multiple logistic regression to determine the influence of various factors on preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age infants, log-binomial regression to analyze temporal changes, and χ 2 tests to explore the effects of cancer type/treatment. Results: Of 204 women, 17% terminated their pregnancies; 59% received pre-delivery treatment. Every 6 years, the rates of pregnancy termination (relative risk [RR]=0.48;95% confidence interval [CI]=0.35–0.67) and iatrogenic preterm births (RR=0.73; 95% CI=0.54–0.98) reduced, and that of pre-delivery treatment increased, mainly due to increased rates of surgery (RR=1.87; 95% CI=1.31–2.67). Maternal systemic diseases were related to small-for-gestational-age infants (odds ratio [OR]=12.02; 95% CI=1.82–79.43).Chemotherapy with taxanes plus platinum-based agents was related to adverse obstetric outcomes (OR=1.87; 95% CI=1.42–2.46; p<0.05). Thyroid (OR=0.36; 95% CI=0.22–0.57) and ovarian cancer (OR=0.70; 95% CI=0.50–0.98) were associated with fewer cesarean sections.Thyroid cancer was associated with fetal growth restriction (OR=5.21; 95% CI=1.21–22.55). Conclusion Rates of pregnancy termination in cancer declined. Taxane plus platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Cancer type influenced outcomes.

Objective:To observe the effect of nutrition intervention and exercise rehabilitation treatment on the sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:It was a cross-sectional study. From March 2019 to September 2020, 101 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with sarcopenia treated in the Department of Endocrinology of Tianjin Third Central Hospital were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into four groups with propensity score matching method: sarcopenia education group without nutrition and resistance training group (group A, n=22), simple nutrition intervention group (group B, n=28), nutritional intervention combined with resistance training group (group C, n=27) and nutritional intervention combined with aerobic and resistance training group (group D, n=24). All the patients were intervened for 24 weeks, two patients in groups C and D dropped due to their own reasons. The 25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (25(OH)D 3), grip strength, muscle mass of the limbs and short physical performance battery (SPPB) scores were measured before and 24 weeks after the intervention in all the participants. Results:After the intervention, the 25(OH)D 3 levels in the B, C, D groups was (33.45±4.05), (33.68±4.69), (34.28±5.58) μg/L, respectively, all were higher than those before the treatment (all P<0.01), and there was no significant differences among the three groups ( P>0.05). The muscle mass in the B, C, D groups after intervention was 5.650 (5.102, 6.658), 6.601 (6.007, 7.156) and 6.520 (6.017, 7.302) kg/m 2, respectively, all were significantly higher than those before the treatment (all P<0.01); the muscle mass in group C and D increased more significantly than that in group B ( P<0.01), but there was no significant differences between group C and D ( P>0.05). After the intervention, the muscle strength in the C and D groups was 20.60 (19.20, 24.55) kg and 21.15 (19.43, 26.63) kg, and the SPPB scores was 8.00 (7.00, 9.00) points and 8.00 (8.00, 9.00) points, respectively, all were higher than those before the intervention (all P<0.01), but there was no significant differences between the two groups(both P>0.05). The SPPB function score in group D was better than that in group C, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Nutritional intervention can improve the muscle mass in elderly type 2 diabetes patients with sarcopenia. Combined with rehabilitation training, the muscle strength and muscle function of these patients could also be improved, and the improvement of muscle mass is better than that in patients receiving nutritional intervention only. In terms of increasing muscle strength, the two kinds of rehabilitation training are equivalent. If combined with aerobic exercise, it can also improve the muscle function of these patients.