Nutrition dietary prescription (NDP) refers to quantified recipes or dietary plans that are developed and implemented by trained physicians, clinical dietitians, or registered dietitians to target the main issues faced by individual chronic disease patients based on nutritional screening, nutritional assessment, diagnosis of malnutrition, and comprehensive evaluation. As an important part of nutritional management of chronic diseases, NDP is recommended to be implemented with exercise prescriptions and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) food therapies to improve the nutritional status and clinical outcomes of patients with chronic diseases, thereby enhancing their quality of life and reducing medical costs.

Objective To explore the relationship between lipid metabolism and the risk of proliferative retinopathy(PDR)in patients with peripheral diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods A total of 276 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)who visited our hospital from May 2022 to July 2023 were selected and divided into the simple T2DM group(n=164)and the combined DR(DR)group(n=112).The DR group was further divided into the non-proliferative retinopathy(NPDR)subgroup(n=58)and the PDR subgroup(n=54)based on the severity of DR.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between lipid metabolism indicators and PDR,and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of PDR.Results In the DR group,DM duration,the utilization rate of insulin(Ins),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),fasting blood glucose(FPG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),Leptin,TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),residual cholesterol(RC),serum creatinine(Scr),and serum uric acid(SUA)were higher than those in the T2DM group(P<0.05),while fasting C-peptide(FC-P),HDL-C and adiponectin(APN)were lower than those in the T2DM group(P<0.05).The levels of SBP,HbA1c,TC,TG,LDL-C,Leptin,TG/HDL-C,RC,Scr and SUA in the PDR subgroup were higher than those in the NPDR subgroup(P<0.05),while FC-P,HDL-C and APN were lower than those in the NPDR subgroup(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that PDR was positively correlated with the levels of TG/HDL,RC,and Leptin(r=0.331,0.264,0.358,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with APN(r=-0.174,P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that TG/HDL-C(OR 2.067,95%CI 1.827～2.643),RC(OR 1.538,95%CI 1.336～2.372),Leptin(OR 1.673,95%CI 1.361～2.474),APN(OR 0.674,95%CI 0.231～0.865),and FC-P(OR 0.147,95%CI 0.067～0.887)were the influencing factors for the progression of NPDR to PDR.Conclusions Lipid metabolism is closely related to the progression from DR to PDR.Clinically,lipid metabolism monitoring of DR patients should be done well to improve prognosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between high DNA stainability(HDS)and routine semen parameters.Methods Semen samples were collected from 396 men of childbearing age who were admitted to our department.Correlations of HDS with routine semen parameters and age were analyzed.Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the routine semen parameters that had the greatest influence on HDS.The correlation of HDS and DNA fragmentation index(DFI)with routine semen parameters and age in 244 patients with teratozoospermia was analyzed.The 244 patients were divided into extremely severe,severe,moderate,and mild teratozoospermia groups,and differences in HDS,DFI,and routine semen parameters were compared among the four groups.Results HDS was negatively correlated with total sperm count,sperm concentration,sperm progressive motility,and normal sperm morphology rate(NSMR)(P<0.01).After adjusting for potential confounders,including total sperm count,sperm concentration,sperm progressive motility,NSMR,and DFI,NSMR had the most significant negative effect on HDS(P<0.05).In the 244 patients with teratozoospermia,HDS was negatively correlated with NSMR(P<0.01)and positively correlated with the percentage of sperm head and tail abnormalities(P<0.05),while DFI was positively correlated with the percentage of sperm tail abnormalities(P<0.01).There was a significant difference in the percentage of sperm head abnormalities among the four teratozoospermia groups.The more severe the malfor-mation,the higher the percentage of sperm head abnormalities was(P<0.001).HDS in the extremely severe teratozoospermia group was significantly higher than that in the mild and moderate teratozoospermia groups(P<0.05).No significant differences in DFI were found among the four groups(P>0.05).Conclusion HDS was closely correlated with routine semen parameters and was a crucial biomarker for assessing sperm quality,particularly the extent of sperm head abnormalities.

Nutrition dietary prescription (NDP) refers to quantified recipes or dietary plans that are developed and implemented by trained physicians, clinical dietitians, or registered dietitians to target the main issues faced by individual chronic disease patients based on nutritional screening, nutritional assessment, diagnosis of malnutrition, and comprehensive evaluation. As an important part of nutritional management of chronic diseases, NDP is recommended to be implemented with exercise prescriptions and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) food therapies to improve the nutritional status and clinical outcomes of patients with chronic diseases, thereby enhancing their quality of life and reducing medical costs.

Objective To investigate the correlation between seminal plasma oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)and normalized ORP(nORP)with sperm DNA fragmentation index(DFI),high DNA staining(HDS),and motility parameters,and to explore whether these parameters can be used as biomarkers for evaluating male fertility potential.Methods A total of 309 men who attended the andrology clinic at the Department of Reproductive Medicine,General Hospital of Northern Theater Command,between October 2023 and December 2023,were selected in this study.We analyzed the correlation between seminal plasma ORP and nORP and parameters such as DFI using the electrode method,HDS,age,days of abstinence,semen volume,total sperm count,sperm concentration,sperm motility(forward motile sperm count,forward motile sperm percentage,non-forward sperm count,non-forward sperm percentage,immotile sperm count,immotile sperm percentage,and sperm motility rate),and motility indices(curvilinear velocity[VCL],straight-line velocity[VSL],average velocity[VAP],linear index[LIN],straightness index[STR],and wobble coefficient[WOB]).The nORP results were divided into three groups and analyzed in relation to each of the parameters mentioned above.A generalized linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between nORP and HDS,with smooth curve fitting performed to visualize this relationship.Results Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses revealed that both ORP and nORP were positively correlated with semen volume,percentage of immotile sperm,and DFI,but negatively correlated with forward motile sperm count,percentage of forward motile sperm,sperm motility rate,VSL,and VAP(P＜0.05).Additionally,ORP was positively correlated with abstinence days and immotile sperm count(P＜0.05)and negatively correlated with LIN,STR,and WOB(P＜0.05).However,nORP was positively correlated with HDS(P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with total sperm count,sperm concentration,non-forward sperm count,non-forward sperm percentage,immotile sperm count,and VCL(P＜0.05).The nORP group showed significant differences in semen volume,total sperm count,sperm concentration,forward motile sperm count,forward motile sperm percentage,non-forward sperm count,non-forward sperm percentage,immotile sperm count,immotile sperm percentage,sperm motility rate,VCL,VSL,VAP,DFI,and HDS(P＜0.05).A smooth curve fitting of nORP and HDS,adjusted for age and abstinence days,demonstrated a linear upward trend in nORP as HDS increased.Conclusion Both ORP and nORP are associated with sperm DFI and key motility parameters.Moreover,nORP is closely related to HDS,which reflects sperm maturity,offering a more comprehensive indicator of semen quality.Thus,nORP can be utilized as a biomarker for assessing male fertility potential.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of melatonin in alleviating hypoxia-induced apoptosis in ovarian gra-nulosa cells.Methods Rat ovarian granulosa cells were isolated and divided into normoxic,hypoxic,and melatonin groups.Hypoxia-induced injury models were established in the hypoxic and melatonin groups,and granulosa cells in the melatonin group were treated with melatonin.A total of 24 rats were randomized into the control,model,and intervention groups(n=8 per group).Rat models of declining ovarian function induced by long-term hypoxia were established in the model and intervention groups.The rats in the intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with melatonin.Cell proliferation was measured using a CCK-8 assay,and lactate secretion and HIF-1αprotein with a specific kit,respectively.The levels of estradiol and progesterone in the cell supernatant and rat serum were detected using ELISA.Granulosa cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,ovarian morphology by HE staining,and Bax and caspase-3 expression by Western blotting.Results Compared with the normoxic group,the hypoxic group exhibited decreased granulosa cell proliferation,increased apoptosis,elevated lactate and HIF-1α levels,and reduced estradiol and progesterone levels(P＜0.05).Compared with hypoxic group,these changes were significantly reversed in the molatonin group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the model group showed increased lactate,HIF-1α,Bax,and caspase-3 levels,decreased estradiol and progesterone levels,and reduced follicles.Compared with the model group,all the indicators were ameliorated in the intervention group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Melatonin alleviated hypoxia-induced granulosa cell apoptosis and promoted the recovery of ovarian function.

Objective To explore the impact of the interaction between fasting plasma glucose(FPG)and serum uric acid(SUA)on peripheral diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods Peripheral DR patients(n=188)admitted to our hospital from July 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the research subjects and divided into mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)group(M-NPDR,n=114)and severe NPDR(S-NPDR,n=74)group.DM patients without diabetic retinopathy admitted to our hospital during the same period were set as the control(T2DM,n=100)group.The general data and biochemical indicators were compared among the three groups.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between FPG and SUA and the severity of DR.The interaction between FPG and SUA was evaluated.A nomogram model was established to predict the occurrence of severe NPDR.Results The DM duration,best corrected visual acuity converted to logarithm of minimum resolution angles(logMAR BCVA),FPG,SUA and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(UACR)in M-NPDR and S-NPDR groups were higher than those in T2DM group(P＜0.05).Subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT),albumin(ALB)and free triiodothyronine(FT3)were lower than those in the T2DM group(P＜0.05).BUN in S-NPDR group was higher than that in T2DM group(P＜0.05).The DM duration,logMAR BCVA,FPG,TC,TG and SUA in S-NPDR group were higher than those in M-NPDR group(P＜0.05),and SFCT was lower than that in M-NPDR group(P＜0.05).SFCT,FPG,ALB,SUA,and(UACR)were independent influencing factors of severe NPDR(P＜0.05).The column chart model predicted the probability of severe NPDR occurrence,with area under curve of 0.919 and 0.910 before and after validation,and the average absolute error of the calibration curve 0.013,which can be used as risk tool to predict DR severity of T2DM patients.Conclusions FPG and SUA are risk factors affecting the severity of DR and there is an interaction.Early warning of risk factors based on the nomogram model is helpful to improve the prognosis of patients with peripheral DR.

Objective:To explore the application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the preoperative evaluation of carotid body tumor (CBT).Methods:The clinical data of 13 CBT patients undergoing contrast enhanced ultrasound test and surgical treatment at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from Nov 2017 to Aug 2021 was retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 13 patients, 7 patients had bilateral lesions. 18 tumors were identified by contrast enhanced ultrasound, which showed rich blood supply, with marked enhancement in 13 tumors and moderate enhancement in 5 tumors. The origins of the arterial supply for tumors were identified by contrast enhanced ultrasound. Time-intensity curve analysis showed that the tumors had enhancement characteristics of fast wash in and slow wash out. The mean contrast wash in time was (3.33±1.40) s, the mean peak intensity was (10.41±1.74) dB, and the mean wash out time was (56.47±22.28) s. A total of 13 cases underwent successful surgical removal. Five cases of external carotid artery ligation and 2 cases of internal carotid artery reconstruction were performed during surgery. Postoperative transient neurological injury occurred in 5 cases. There were no cases of cerebral infarction or death in the perioperative period. Mean postoperative follow-up was 14.31 months. Five cases of neurological injury had satisfactory recovery and no other adverse events occurred.Conclusions:Contrast enhanced ultrasound is an effective method of preoperative imaging assessment for CBT, which helps the surgical planning and preoperative preparation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between high DNA stainability(HDS)and routine semen parameters.Methods Semen samples were collected from 396 men of childbearing age who were admitted to our department.Correlations of HDS with routine semen parameters and age were analyzed.Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the routine semen parameters that had the greatest influence on HDS.The correlation of HDS and DNA fragmentation index(DFI)with routine semen parameters and age in 244 patients with teratozoospermia was analyzed.The 244 patients were divided into extremely severe,severe,moderate,and mild teratozoospermia groups,and differences in HDS,DFI,and routine semen parameters were compared among the four groups.Results HDS was negatively correlated with total sperm count,sperm concentration,sperm progressive motility,and normal sperm morphology rate(NSMR)(P<0.01).After adjusting for potential confounders,including total sperm count,sperm concentration,sperm progressive motility,NSMR,and DFI,NSMR had the most significant negative effect on HDS(P<0.05).In the 244 patients with teratozoospermia,HDS was negatively correlated with NSMR(P<0.01)and positively correlated with the percentage of sperm head and tail abnormalities(P<0.05),while DFI was positively correlated with the percentage of sperm tail abnormalities(P<0.01).There was a significant difference in the percentage of sperm head abnormalities among the four teratozoospermia groups.The more severe the malfor-mation,the higher the percentage of sperm head abnormalities was(P<0.001).HDS in the extremely severe teratozoospermia group was significantly higher than that in the mild and moderate teratozoospermia groups(P<0.05).No significant differences in DFI were found among the four groups(P>0.05).Conclusion HDS was closely correlated with routine semen parameters and was a crucial biomarker for assessing sperm quality,particularly the extent of sperm head abnormalities.

Objective To explore the relationship between lipid metabolism and the risk of proliferative retinopathy(PDR)in patients with peripheral diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods A total of 276 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)who visited our hospital from May 2022 to July 2023 were selected and divided into the simple T2DM group(n=164)and the combined DR(DR)group(n=112).The DR group was further divided into the non-proliferative retinopathy(NPDR)subgroup(n=58)and the PDR subgroup(n=54)based on the severity of DR.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between lipid metabolism indicators and PDR,and Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of PDR.Results In the DR group,DM duration,the utilization rate of insulin(Ins),systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),fasting blood glucose(FPG),glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),Leptin,TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),residual cholesterol(RC),serum creatinine(Scr),and serum uric acid(SUA)were higher than those in the T2DM group(P<0.05),while fasting C-peptide(FC-P),HDL-C and adiponectin(APN)were lower than those in the T2DM group(P<0.05).The levels of SBP,HbA1c,TC,TG,LDL-C,Leptin,TG/HDL-C,RC,Scr and SUA in the PDR subgroup were higher than those in the NPDR subgroup(P<0.05),while FC-P,HDL-C and APN were lower than those in the NPDR subgroup(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that PDR was positively correlated with the levels of TG/HDL,RC,and Leptin(r=0.331,0.264,0.358,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with APN(r=-0.174,P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that TG/HDL-C(OR 2.067,95%CI 1.827～2.643),RC(OR 1.538,95%CI 1.336～2.372),Leptin(OR 1.673,95%CI 1.361～2.474),APN(OR 0.674,95%CI 0.231～0.865),and FC-P(OR 0.147,95%CI 0.067～0.887)were the influencing factors for the progression of NPDR to PDR.Conclusions Lipid metabolism is closely related to the progression from DR to PDR.Clinically,lipid metabolism monitoring of DR patients should be done well to improve prognosis.