Objective:To establish an early warning model of oral infection risk in patients with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy and to verify its predictive efficacy, so as to provide reference for formulating strategies to prevent oral infections.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to select 288 patients with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy from January 2021 to January 2023 in Hematology Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences) as the training set. According to whether they developed oral infection after chemotherapy, they were divided into the infected group and the non-infected group. The risk factors of oral infection in patients with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy were investigated, and a risk warning model was established. A total of 246 acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy patients admitted to the same hospital from February 2023 to February 2024 were selected as the validation set to conduct external verification of the model.Results:The oral infection rate was 19.44% (56/288) in the training set. There were 21 males and 35 females in the infected group (56 cases), with 49 cases<60 years old and 7 cases ≥60 years old. There were 102 males and 130 females in the non infected group (232 cases), with 196 cases<60 years old and 36 cases ≥60 years old. Multivariate analysis showed that neutrophil count <1.5×10 9/L, nutritional risk screening 2002≥3 points, high-dose of methotrexate, antibiotic types ≥3, poor oral self-cleaning habits, oral pH ≤6.5 were the risk factors for oral infection in patients with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy ( OR values were 2.716-10.074, all P<0.05). Based on this, the risk early warning model was as follows: Logit ( P)=-5.849+2.310× neutrophil count <1.5×10 9/L+1.363× nutritional risk screening 2002≥3 points +1.150× high-dose methotrexate +1.132× antibiotic types ≥3 + 1.044× oral pH ≤6.5 + 0.999× poor oral self-cleaning habits. The area under receiver operator characteristics curves (ROC) curve of this model Logit ( P) was 0.892, the maximum approximate entry index was 0.653, the sensitivity was 0.804, and the specificity was 0.849. Hosmer-Lemeshow test results indicated that χ2=4.91, P=0.768. For external validation, the goodness of fit test results were χ2=6.47, P=0.595. The area under ROC curve was 0.884, the sensitivity was 0.832, and the specificity was 0.825. Conclusions:The established early warning model of oral infection risk in patients with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy has good predictive value, which is helpful for medical staff to conduct early risk assessment of oral infection in such patients, and formulate countermeasures to reduce the incidence and improve the treatment effect of the disease.

Objective:To establish an early warning model of oral infection risk in patients with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy and to verify its predictive efficacy, so as to provide reference for formulating strategies to prevent oral infections.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to select 288 patients with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy from January 2021 to January 2023 in Hematology Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences) as the training set. According to whether they developed oral infection after chemotherapy, they were divided into the infected group and the non-infected group. The risk factors of oral infection in patients with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy were investigated, and a risk warning model was established. A total of 246 acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy patients admitted to the same hospital from February 2023 to February 2024 were selected as the validation set to conduct external verification of the model.Results:The oral infection rate was 19.44% (56/288) in the training set. There were 21 males and 35 females in the infected group (56 cases), with 49 cases<60 years old and 7 cases ≥60 years old. There were 102 males and 130 females in the non infected group (232 cases), with 196 cases<60 years old and 36 cases ≥60 years old. Multivariate analysis showed that neutrophil count <1.5×10 9/L, nutritional risk screening 2002≥3 points, high-dose of methotrexate, antibiotic types ≥3, poor oral self-cleaning habits, oral pH ≤6.5 were the risk factors for oral infection in patients with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy ( OR values were 2.716-10.074, all P<0.05). Based on this, the risk early warning model was as follows: Logit ( P)=-5.849+2.310× neutrophil count <1.5×10 9/L+1.363× nutritional risk screening 2002≥3 points +1.150× high-dose methotrexate +1.132× antibiotic types ≥3 + 1.044× oral pH ≤6.5 + 0.999× poor oral self-cleaning habits. The area under receiver operator characteristics curves (ROC) curve of this model Logit ( P) was 0.892, the maximum approximate entry index was 0.653, the sensitivity was 0.804, and the specificity was 0.849. Hosmer-Lemeshow test results indicated that χ2=4.91, P=0.768. For external validation, the goodness of fit test results were χ2=6.47, P=0.595. The area under ROC curve was 0.884, the sensitivity was 0.832, and the specificity was 0.825. Conclusions:The established early warning model of oral infection risk in patients with acute leukemia undergoing chemotherapy has good predictive value, which is helpful for medical staff to conduct early risk assessment of oral infection in such patients, and formulate countermeasures to reduce the incidence and improve the treatment effect of the disease.

Objective:To explore the standardized performance of a FISH probe before clinical detection.Methods:The probe sensitivity and specificity of ETV6/RUNX1 were analyzed via interphase and metaphase FISH in 20 discarded healthy bone marrow samples. The threshold system of the probe was established using an inverse beta distribution, and an interpretation standard was established. Finally, a parallel-controlled polymerase chain reaction detection study was conducted on 286 bone marrow samples from patients at our hospital. The clinical sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic coincidence rate of ETV6/RUNX1 FISH detection were analyzed, and the diagnostic consistency of the two methods was analyzed by the kappa test.Results:The probe sensitivity and specificity of the ETV6/RUNX1 probe were 98.47% and 100%, respectively. When 50, 100, and 200 cells were counted, the typical positive signal pattern cutoffs were 5.81%, 2.95%, and 1.49%, respectively, and the atypical positive signal pattern cutoffs were 13.98%, 9.75%, and 6.26%, respectively. The clinical sensitivity of FISH was 96.1%, clinical specificity was 99.6%, diagnostic coincidence rate was 99.00%, diagnostic consistency test kappa value was 0.964, and P value was <0.001.Conclusion:For FISH probes without a national medical device registration certificate, standardized performance verification and methodology performance verification can be performed using laboratory developed test verification standards to ensure a reliable and accurate reference basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Recent clinical research shows that the local treatment of primary tumor can improve cancer-specific-survival and overall-survival for metastatic prostate cancer patients.Differ with lymph node metastasis,there is not enough high-level randomized controlled trial data to decide whether the prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis will be benefited from local treatment,meanwhile,it also needs to figure out the factors influencing prognosis of patients.How to efficiently combine multi local treatment with system treatment is a current research hot spot as well.