The innate immune sensor NLRP3 inflammasome overactivation is involved in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. PGAM5 is a mitochondrial phosphatase involved in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. However, the role of PGAM5 in ulcerative colitis and the mechanisms underlying PGAM5 regulating NLRP3 activity remain unknown. Here, we show that PGAM5 deficiency ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. By combining APEX2-based proximity labeling focused on PGAM5 with quantitative proteomics, we identify NEK7 as the new binding partner of PGAM5 to promote NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation in a PGAM5 phosphatase activity-independent manner upon inflammasome induction. Interfering with PGAM5-NEK7 interaction by punicalagin inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages and ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice. Altogether, our data demonstrate the PGAM5-NEK7 interaction in macrophages for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and further provide a promising therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis by blocking the PGAM5-NEK7 interaction.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a relatively rare chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disorder. In recent years, with advanced imaging technology, MMD detection rate has been increasing annually. Multimodal MRI has played an important role in the screening, diagnosis and treatment evaluation of MMD. This article reviews the research progress of multimodal MRI in MMD from aspects of vascular morphology, hemodynamics, microstructural damage of brain tissues and brain functional networks, aiming to provide references for MMD diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To explore the latent class characteristics of fear of childbirth among expectant fathers of third trimester based on latent profile analysis, and to analyze the differences in characteristics among different classes and influencing factors.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select expectant fathers accompanying their partners for prenatal check-ups at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from March to September 2024 as the subjects of the investigation. A General Information Questionnaire, Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used for the survey; latent profile analysis was employed to explore the latent typing of fear of childbirth among expectant fathers of third trimester, and univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to investigate related influencing factors.Results:A total of 269 expectant fathers were included in the final analysis, aged 31 (29, 34) years old. The score of Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale was (49.58 ± 13.28); the scores of Perceived Social Support Scale was 64.00 (51.00, 71.50); the scores of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was 29.00 (26.00, 33.00); the score of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was 7.00 (5.00, 9.00). Latent profile analysis showed that the level of fear of childbirth among expectant fathers of third trimester could be divided into four latent classes: "low fear of childbirth-pain fear group" (19.0%, 51/269), "moderate fear of childbirth-maternal and infant safety concern group" (24.5%, 66/269), "moderate fear of childbirth-medical trust group" (32.0%, 86/269), and "high fear of childbirth-comprehensive group" (24.5%, 66/269). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that expectant fathers with high psychological resilience were more likely to be classified into the low fear of childbirth-pain fear group ( OR values ranged from 0.863 to 0.909, all P<0.05); expectant fathers with higher levels of prenatal depression were more likely to be classified into the high fear of childbirth-comprehensive group ( OR values ranged from 1.286 to 1.366, all P<0.05); compared with the low fear of childbirth-pain fear group, younger expectant fathers were more likely to be classified into the moderate fear of childbirth-medical trust group ( OR=0.871, P<0.05); compared with the moderate fear of childbirth-medical trust group, expectant fathers with lower family monthly income were more likely to be classified into the high fear of childbirth-comprehensive group ( OR=3.093, P<0.05). Conclusions:There are significant class characteristics in the level of fear of childbirth among expectant fathers of third trimester, and it is recommended that medical staff implement targeted personalized intervention measures based on the characteristics of each class to reduce the level of fear of childbirth among expectant fathers.

Objective:To explore the latent class characteristics of fear of childbirth among expectant fathers of third trimester based on latent profile analysis, and to analyze the differences in characteristics among different classes and influencing factors.Methods:Convenience sampling was used to select expectant fathers accompanying their partners for prenatal check-ups at Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine from March to September 2024 as the subjects of the investigation. A General Information Questionnaire, Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale were used for the survey; latent profile analysis was employed to explore the latent typing of fear of childbirth among expectant fathers of third trimester, and univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to investigate related influencing factors.Results:A total of 269 expectant fathers were included in the final analysis, aged 31 (29, 34) years old. The score of Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale was (49.58 ± 13.28); the scores of Perceived Social Support Scale was 64.00 (51.00, 71.50); the scores of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was 29.00 (26.00, 33.00); the score of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was 7.00 (5.00, 9.00). Latent profile analysis showed that the level of fear of childbirth among expectant fathers of third trimester could be divided into four latent classes: "low fear of childbirth-pain fear group" (19.0%, 51/269), "moderate fear of childbirth-maternal and infant safety concern group" (24.5%, 66/269), "moderate fear of childbirth-medical trust group" (32.0%, 86/269), and "high fear of childbirth-comprehensive group" (24.5%, 66/269). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that expectant fathers with high psychological resilience were more likely to be classified into the low fear of childbirth-pain fear group ( OR values ranged from 0.863 to 0.909, all P<0.05); expectant fathers with higher levels of prenatal depression were more likely to be classified into the high fear of childbirth-comprehensive group ( OR values ranged from 1.286 to 1.366, all P<0.05); compared with the low fear of childbirth-pain fear group, younger expectant fathers were more likely to be classified into the moderate fear of childbirth-medical trust group ( OR=0.871, P<0.05); compared with the moderate fear of childbirth-medical trust group, expectant fathers with lower family monthly income were more likely to be classified into the high fear of childbirth-comprehensive group ( OR=3.093, P<0.05). Conclusions:There are significant class characteristics in the level of fear of childbirth among expectant fathers of third trimester, and it is recommended that medical staff implement targeted personalized intervention measures based on the characteristics of each class to reduce the level of fear of childbirth among expectant fathers.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a relatively rare chronic occlusive cerebrovascular disorder. In recent years, with advanced imaging technology, MMD detection rate has been increasing annually. Multimodal MRI has played an important role in the screening, diagnosis and treatment evaluation of MMD. This article reviews the research progress of multimodal MRI in MMD from aspects of vascular morphology, hemodynamics, microstructural damage of brain tissues and brain functional networks, aiming to provide references for MMD diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To investigate the clinical and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of children with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (DR-PTB) and drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (DS-PTB) in Sichuan region.Methods:Active pulmonary tuberculosis children with positive sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture were collected and divided into the drug-resistant and drug-sensitive groups according to the results of the drug susceptibility test who admitted to the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu from January 2020 to October 2024. The general data such as age, ethnic, gender, initial or retreatment regimens, body mass index (BMI), clinical symptoms such as cough, sputum, fever, and chest CT features were compared between the two groups. Non-parametric rank sum test, chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability method were used for comparison between groups. The CT risk factors for the development of DR-PTB were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results:A total of 110 children were enrolled, including 44(40.00%) males and 66(60.00%) females, with the age of 13.00(12.00, 14.00) years (range from 5.00 to 14.00 years). There were 28 cases in drug-resistant group and 82 in drug-sensitive group. Comparison of the clinical data between the two groups showed that the percentages of retreated patients (25.00%(7/28)) and ethnic minorities (78.57%(22/28)) in the drug-resistant group were higher than those in the drug-sensitive group (1.22%(1/82) and 57.32%(47/82)), which were both statistically significant (Fisher′s exact probability method and χ2=4.03, respectively, both P<0.05). The age of the children in the drug-resistant group was 13.00 (12.00, 13.50) years, which was younger than the age of 13.00 (12.00, 14.00) years in the drug-sensitive group ( U=828.00, P=0.021). There were no statistically differences of gender, BMI, history of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, history of exposure to tuberculosis patients, positive immunological diagnostic tests, and the incidences of cough, sputum, fever, wheezing, shortness of breath and chest pain between the two groups (all P>0.05). Chest CT signs showed that lung lesions involving both right and left lobes accounted for 53.57%(15/28) in the drug-resistant group, and the incidence of solid pulmonary parenchyma (including wall-less cavities) was 92.86%(26/28), which were both higher than those in the drug-sensitive group (15.85%(13/82) and 70.73%(58/82)), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=6.95 and 5.66, respectively, both P<0.05). The incidence of small nodules/tree-in-bud pattern in the drug-sensitive group was higher than that in the drug-resistant group (98.78%(81/82) vs 82.14%(23/28)), and the difference was statistically significant (Fisher′s exact probability method, P=0.004). Binary logistic regression showed that bilateral lung involvement and solid pulmonary parenchyma (including wall-less cavities) were positively correlated with DR-PTB in children (odds ratio ( OR)=4.487, 95% confidence internal ( CI) 1.561 to 12.897, P=0.005 and OR=9.670, 95% CI 1.626 to 57.529, P=0.013, respectively). The occurence of small nodules/tree-in-bud was negatively correlated with DR-PTB in children ( OR=0.058, 95% CI 0.006 to 0.584, P=0.016). Conclusions:Among pulmonary tuberculosis children in Sichuan region, ethnic minorities and retreatment patients with DR-PTB are more common than thoses with DS-PTB. Chest CT findings of DR-PTB mainly show multiple solid pulmonary parenchyma with wall-less cavities, and the lesions often involve right and left lung lobes, whereas DS-PTB CT findings mainly show small nodules/tree-in-bud predominantly.

Objective:To describe the current situation of mental health service utilization of community pa-tients with five mental disorders in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and provide reference for health education and formulating relevant policies.Methods:The multistage stratified sampling method with unequal probability was used to select a total of 12 315 community residents aged 18 and over in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Using Composite International Diagnostic Interview,mood disorders,anxiety disorders,substance use disorders,intermit-tent explosive disorders,and eating disorders,and health service utilization were investigated.Descriptive statistics was completed by single factor analysis method.Results:The lifetime rates of consultation and treatment of any mental disorder were 18.7％and 10.2％,respectively.The highest proportion of patients received treatment by non-medical professionals was 31.4％,followed by psychiatrists in psychiatric hospital or psychologists in general hospitals.Among the patients,1.1％of them received medication,and 2.5％received psychotherapy.Conclusion:The utilization rate of mental health services in community patients with five mental disorders is relatively low.It is necessary to conduct health education for medical help seeking properly.

Objective:To investigate the effects of modified electroconvulsive therapy(MECT)in combina-tion with medication and medication alone on relapse and cognitive functioning in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD).Methods:Totally 324 patients meeting the diagnostic criteria ofthe DSM-5 for MDD were select-ed and divided into combined MECT group(n=117)and non-combined MECT group(n=207).At baseline and 5 years of follow-up,both groups completed the General Information Questionnaire,Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),and Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)to analyze associations between cognitive functioning and mul-tiple variables.Results:At baseline,there were no significant differences between the two groups on general infor-mation,MoCA,and HAMD scores(Ps＞0.05).After 5 years of follow-up,the relapse rate was lower in the com-bined MECT group than in the un-combined MECT group[(37.6％vs.72.0％),P＜0.001].MECT was a protec-tive factor against recurrence of MDD[RR(95％CI)=0.52(0.40-0.66)],and the MoCA scores were lower in the combined MECT group than in the un-combined MECT group[(20.9±3.5)vs.(23.6±4.2),β=-1.93,P＜0.001].Conclusion:Combined MECT is a protective factor against MDD recurrence.Its effects on the cognitive functioning of MDD patients may have long-term effects.

Objective:To study the prevalence and association factors of depressive and anxiety disorders in the hypertensive population.Methods:Using the database obtained from the 2013 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance and the 2013-2015 China Mental Health Survey,4 861 hypertensive residents were used as study subjects.And using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ)as diagnostic criterion for depressive and anxiety disorders,the 12-month prevalence was calculated.Multifactorial lo-gistic regression models were used to explore the association factors of hypertension comorbid depressive and anxie-ty disorders.Results:The 12-month prevalence rates of depressive disorders and anxiety disorders were 4.1％and 5.0％in 4 861 hypertensive residents.Chinese Han[OR(95％CI):2.00(1.01-3.93)],lack of sleep[OR(95％CI):1.82(1.34-2.48)],having myocardial infarction[OR(95％CI):2.35(1.18～4.67)]and stroke in the past year[OR(95％CI):2.10(1.19-3.72)],and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[OR(95％CI):2.11(1.11-4.05)]were risk factors of hypertension comorbid depressive disorder.Hypertensive people with controlled blood pressure[OR(95％CI):2.01(1.30-3.13)]had a higher risk of co-morbid depressive disorder than those with blood pressure above the normal range on this measurement.Chinese Han[OR(95％CI):2.51(1.32-4.80)],Southwest China[OR(95％CI):1.64(1.02-2.63)],and lack of sleep[OR(95％CI):1.45(1.09-1.93)]were risk factors of hypertension comorbid anxiety disorder.Former but current non-smoking[OR(95％CI):0.48(0.23-0.99)]was a protective factor of hypertension comorbid anxiety disorder.Conclusion:The 12-month prevalence of anxiety disorder was higher than that of depressive disorder in this hypertensive population.Both Han and sleep deprived hypertensive people had a higher risk of comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders.

Objective:To describe and analyze suicide risk of patients with schizophrenia,major depressive disorder,and bipolar disorder.Methods:A total of 2 016 patients with schizophrenia,903 patients with major de-pressive disorder,and 381 patients with bipolar disorder from inpatients,clinics,or communities who met the diag-nostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition were recruited.All patients were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview to diagnose mental disor-ders and assess suicide risk,as well as Clinical-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity(CRDPSS)to as-sess symptoms.Differences and risk factors of suicide risk among three types of mental disorders were explored u-sing multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:In the past one month,37 patients with schizophrenia(1.8％),516 patients with major depressive disorder(57.1％),and 102 patients with bipolar disorder(26.8％)had suicide risk.Compared with patients with schizophrenia,suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder(OR=36.50)and bipolar disorder(OR=20.10)increased.Female(OR=1.87),smoking(OR=1.76),family history of suicide(OR=5.09),higher score of CRDPSS hallucination(OR=1.80),and higher score of CRDPSS depression(OR=1.54)were risk factors of suicide risk of patients.Conclusions:Suicide risk of patients with ma-jor depressive disorder and bipolar disorder is higher than that of patients with schizophrenia.In clinical practice,it is important to regularly assess suicide risk of patients.Patients who experience symptoms of hallucination and de-pression should be paid more attention to.