Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is a common malignant tumor with a high fatality rate worldwide， with limited overall survival benefits and pronounced drug resistance issues， highlighting the urgent need for novel sensitization strategies and patient stratification systems. Ferroptosis， as an iron-dependent form of lipid peroxidation-driven cell death， is closely associated with tumor treatment responses. In addition to the classic glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）/glutathione （GSH） pathway， the ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 （FSP1）-coenzyme Q10 （CoQ10） pathways and the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase （DHODH） pathway are two newly identified anti-ferroptosis pathways that function at the plasma membrane and mitochondria， respectively， and determine cellular sensitivity to ferroptosis in synergy with GPX4. This article systematically reviews the mechanism of action of the FSP1-CoQ10 and DHODH pathways in HCC and related research advances， proposes related therapeutic strategies， and look forward to its clinical translation and application prospects.

BACKGROUND:The exact pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis is currently unclear.Traditional clinical treatment strategies for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis are symptomatic treatments such as pain relief and reduction of inflammation,which can stop the progression of the disease to a certain degree but cannot reverse the destruction of the cartilage.Cartilage degeneration,as one of the most prominent pathologic features in the development of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis,has been the subject of an increasing number of studies that focus on its pathogenesis.Consequently,we hope to provide an ideal radical solution for the regeneration of the temporomandibular joint.OBJECTIVE:To review the progress of research on cartilage degeneration in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.METHODS:The search terms were"temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis,degradation of cartilage matrix,synovitis,oxidative stress,chondrocyte hypertrophy,chondrocyte apoptosis,ferroptosis,autophagy,angiogenesis,extracellular vesicles"in Chinese and English.Literature search was conducted in PubMed database and CNKI,and the time limit for the search was from January 2004 to October 2024.Screening was performed by analyzing and reading the literature,and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,81 papers were finally included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Increased secretion of cartilage matrix degrading enzymes causes degradation of the cartilage matrix,leading to cartilage degeneration.(2)Synovitis promotes cartilage degeneration through macrophage M1-type polarization and production of inflammatory mediators.(3)Oxidative stress promotes cartilage degeneration by exacerbating the inflammatory response through overproduction of reactive oxygen species.(4)Chondrocyte phenotypic changes and death lead to the decrease of cartilage matrix synthesis,resulting in cartilage degeneration.(5)Blood vessels of subchondral bone penetrate the calcified cartilage layer to reach the superficial cartilage layer,which destroys the cartilage structure and leads to cartilage degeneration.(6)Bioactive substances carried by serum-derived extracellular vesicles in inflammatory states also promote cartilage degeneration in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND:The exact pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis is currently unclear.Traditional clinical treatment strategies for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis are symptomatic treatments such as pain relief and reduction of inflammation,which can stop the progression of the disease to a certain degree but cannot reverse the destruction of the cartilage.Cartilage degeneration,as one of the most prominent pathologic features in the development of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis,has been the subject of an increasing number of studies that focus on its pathogenesis.Consequently,we hope to provide an ideal radical solution for the regeneration of the temporomandibular joint.OBJECTIVE:To review the progress of research on cartilage degeneration in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.METHODS:The search terms were"temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis,degradation of cartilage matrix,synovitis,oxidative stress,chondrocyte hypertrophy,chondrocyte apoptosis,ferroptosis,autophagy,angiogenesis,extracellular vesicles"in Chinese and English.Literature search was conducted in PubMed database and CNKI,and the time limit for the search was from January 2004 to October 2024.Screening was performed by analyzing and reading the literature,and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,81 papers were finally included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Increased secretion of cartilage matrix degrading enzymes causes degradation of the cartilage matrix,leading to cartilage degeneration.(2)Synovitis promotes cartilage degeneration through macrophage M1-type polarization and production of inflammatory mediators.(3)Oxidative stress promotes cartilage degeneration by exacerbating the inflammatory response through overproduction of reactive oxygen species.(4)Chondrocyte phenotypic changes and death lead to the decrease of cartilage matrix synthesis,resulting in cartilage degeneration.(5)Blood vessels of subchondral bone penetrate the calcified cartilage layer to reach the superficial cartilage layer,which destroys the cartilage structure and leads to cartilage degeneration.(6)Bioactive substances carried by serum-derived extracellular vesicles in inflammatory states also promote cartilage degeneration in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.

This paper summarizes Professor WANG Xiuxia's clinical experience in treating hyperprolactinemia using the liver soothing therapy. Professor WANG identifies liver qi stagnation and rebellious chong qi （冲气） as the core pathomechanisms of hyperprolactinemia. Furthermore， liver qi stagnation may transform into fire or lead to pathological changes such as spleen deficiency with phlegm obstruction or kidney deficiency with essence depletion. The treatment strategy centers on soothing the liver， with a modified version of Qinggan Jieyu Decoction （清肝解郁汤） as the base formula. Depending on different syndrome patterns such as liver stagnation transforming into fire， liver stagnation with spleen deficiency， or liver stagnation with kidney deficiency， heat clearing， spleen strengthening， or kidney tonifying herbs are added accordingly. In addition， three paired herb combinations are commonly used for symptom specific treatment， Danggui （Angelica sinensis） with Chuanxiong （Ligusticum chuanxiong）， Zelan （Lycopus lucidus） with Yimucao （Leonurus japonicus） ， and Jiegeng （Platycodon grandiflorus） with Zisu （Perilla frutescens）.

BACKGROUND:Streptococcus mutans is an important pathogen of dental caries,and timely detection of its levels is of great significance for early detection and treatment of dental caries. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of loop-mediated isothermal amplification(FTA-LAMP)direct extraction of Streptococcus mutans DNA. METHODS:(1)Bacterial suspensions containing ATCC standard strains(Streptococcus mutans)were prepared and inoculated into the brain-heart leachate medium.After mixed thoroughly,the mixture was then diluted in a 10-fold gradient into seven concentrations(4.2×107,4.2×106,4.2×105,4.2×104,4.2×103,4.2×102,4.2×10 CFU/mL),two parallel controls were made for each dilution level,and sterile water was used as a blank control.(2)The DNA of Streptococcus mutans was extracted using FTA Elute card,boiling method,kit extraction and lysate extraction methods separately and then amplified using LAMP technology was amplified.A specificity test was also performed to compare the differences between the four DNA extraction methods.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The DNA extracted by all four methods met the requirements for LAMP amplification.Specificity test results showed that only Streptococcus mutans could specifically amplify the target gene.The detection limit value of the DNA concentration was 4.2×103 CFU/mL for the lysate method,4.2×104 CFU/mL for the FTA Elute card extraction method,4.2×106 CFU/mL for the kit extraction method,and 4.2×107 CFU/mL for the boiling method.In the other aspects of the four extraction methods,the kit extraction method had the highest experimental cost,number of steps and time;the other three methods had the same number of steps,with the FTA Elute card method requiring the least amount of instruments,the boiling method having the lowest single cost,and the lysate extraction method taking the least amount of time.Only a small amount of bacteria were needed for successful extraction using both the FTA Elute card and lysate extraction methods.Compared with the FTA Elute card method,the lysate extraction method was superior in terms of time,but it had a high single cost and required more equipment.To conclude,the FTA-LAMP technology established in this study has the advantages of ease of operation,high specificity,high sensitivity,and visualization,which is expected to be a new way for efficient extraction and detection of Streptococcus mutans.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of 4-octyl itaconate(4-OI)on vascular endothelial function in diabetic mice,since endothelial dysfunction is the key and initial factor for vascular complications in diabetes.Methods:The db/db mice were used to establish a mouse model of diabetes,and high glucose(HG)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were used to establish a cell model of diabetes.After 4-OI treatment,HE staining,Masson staining,and reticular fiber staining were used to observe pathological changes of the thoracic aorta in the control group,the model group,and the intervention group;Western blot was used to measure the expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),a marker for endothelial fibrosis;immuno-fluorescence assay was used to measure the expression levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein(BAX)and B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)in the thoracic aorta of mice in the control group,the model group,and the intervention group;immunoblotting was used to observe the effect of 4-OI intervention on the expression of BAX,Bcl-2,and the proteins associated with the cytochrome C(CytC)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase(caspase)pathway in HG-induced HUVECs.Results:The results showed that 4-OI could significantly improve vascular endothelial dysfunction in db/db diabetic mice.Compared with the model group,the intervention group had a significant increase in the expression of Bcl-2(0.73±0.07 vs.0.52±0.04,F=49.380,P=0.009)and a significant reduction in the expression of BAX(1.41±0.14 vs.1.89±0.12,F=37.270,P=0.008)after 4-OI treatment.In the cell model of HUVECs induced by HG,compared with the high glucose group,the intervention group had a sig-nificant increase in the expression of Bcl-2(1.22±0.04 vs.0.81±0.09,F=75.410,P<0.001)and a significant reduction in the expres-sion of BAX(0.83±0.04 vs.1.12±0.04,F=268.100,P<0.001)after 4-OI treatment,as well as significant reductions in the expres-sion of CytC(0.61±0.03 vs.1.01±0.03,F=234.000,P<0.001),caspase-9(0.62±0.03 vs.1.04±0.04,F=164.300,P<0.001),and caspase-3(0.92±0.06 vs.1.74±0.04,F=424.100,P<0.001).Conclusion:In conclusion,4-OI inhibits vascular endothelial cell apoptosis in diabetic mice by affecting the expression of the CytC/Caspase pathway factors,thereby improving vascular endothelial dys-function in diabetes.

This study analyzed the practical experience of the World Health Organization,the European Union,the United States,and Japan,to reveal the characteristics of health emergency drills in terms of institutional construction,technological integration,and international collaboration.The health emergency drills present three major development trends:paradigm shift driven by social demand,efficiency improvement empowered by intelligent technology,and deepening international cooperation under the global governance framework.In response to the construction needs of China's public health emergency system,policy recommendations were proposed to establish a hierarchical classification system,a full-cycle training strategy for major infectious diseases,a dual wheel drive mechanism by both techniques and qualified personnel,and a path for global governance participation.

Objective:To establish a rapid,quantitative and visualized method for the rapid detection of Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP).Methods:Nucleic acid of S.mutans was extracted for LAMP reaction,the detection experimental conditions were optimized.Finally the positive results of the experiments were quantita-tively analyzed by using the mobile-based detection equipment.Results:The system detected the samples within 23 min and showed good specificity and sensitivity with an accuracy of 1.625×10-3 ng/μL.Positive results were captured,identified and quantified u-sing a mobile application,and the quantified results showed a good linear relationship between the absolute G value and the DNA concentration,with an equation of y=3.2x+57.133(R2=0.988 2).Conclusion:Quantitative detection of S.mutans by LAMP has the characteristics of high sensitivity,high specificity,result visualization,convenience and time-saving,and can quantify bacterial DNA.It is a new method for the early detection of caries susceptibility,and can be widely used in clinic.

Objective:To establish a rapid,quantitative and visualized method for the rapid detection of Streptococcus mutans(S.mutans)based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP).Methods:Nucleic acid of S.mutans was extracted for LAMP reaction,the detection experimental conditions were optimized.Finally the positive results of the experiments were quantita-tively analyzed by using the mobile-based detection equipment.Results:The system detected the samples within 23 min and showed good specificity and sensitivity with an accuracy of 1.625×10-3 ng/μL.Positive results were captured,identified and quantified u-sing a mobile application,and the quantified results showed a good linear relationship between the absolute G value and the DNA concentration,with an equation of y=3.2x+57.133(R2=0.988 2).Conclusion:Quantitative detection of S.mutans by LAMP has the characteristics of high sensitivity,high specificity,result visualization,convenience and time-saving,and can quantify bacterial DNA.It is a new method for the early detection of caries susceptibility,and can be widely used in clinic.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of echocardiography indicators combined with se-rum recombinant human arginase 1(ARG1)and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)in children with sepsis.Methods A total of 116 children with sepsis admitted to the hospital from May 2022 to June 2023 were enrolled in the study as the sepsis group.According to the severity of sepsis,the children were further divided into general sepsis group(52 cases),severe sepsis group(38 cases)and septic shock group(26 cases).Ac-cording to the prognosis of the children,the children with sepsis were divided into good prognosis group(84 cases)and poor prognosis group(32 cases).A total of 116 healthy children who underwent physical examina-tion in the hospital during the same period were enrolled as the control group.The left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LV-EDV)and early diastolic mitral flow peak velocity(E)were detected by using color Doppler ultrasound.Ser-um ARG1 and G6PD levels were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The echo-cardiographic indexes and serum ARG1 and G6PD levels were compared between the sepsis group and the con-trol group,and among sepsis children with different disease severity and different prognosis.The receiver op-erating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of echocardiographic indexes com-bined with serum ARG1 and G6PD for poor prognosis in children with sepsis.Results Compared with the control group,the sepsis group had significant reductions in LVEF,E,and G6PD(P＜0.05)and significant increases in LVEDD,LVEDV,and ARG1(P＜0.05).With the aggravation of sepsis,the levels of LVEF,E,and G6PD in children with sepsis gradually decreased(P＜0.05),while the levels of LVEDD,LVEDV,and ARG1 gradually increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the good prognosis group,the poor prognosis group had significantly lower levels of LVEF,E,and G6PD(P＜0.05)and significantly higher levels of LVEDD,LV-EDV,and ARG1(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of echocardiographic indexes com-bined with serum ARG1 and G6PD in predicting poor prognosis of children with sepsis was 0.971,and the sensitivity and specificity were 84.4％and 83.2％,respectively.Conclusion The levels of LVEF,E,and G6PD in children with sepsis significantly decreases,and the levels of LVEDD,LVEDV,and ARG1 signifi-cantly increases.Echocardiographic parameters combined with serum ARG1 and G6PD have high predictive value for poor prognosis in children with sepsis.