OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanisms of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. in improving sleep. METHODS Network pharmacology was employed to identify the active components of L. ruthenicum and their associated disease targets， followed by enrichment analysis. A caffeine‑induced zebrafish model of sleep deprivation was established ， and the zebrafish were treated with L. ruthenicum Murr. extract （LRME） at concentrations of 0.1， 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL， respectively； 24 h later， behavioral changes of zebrafish and pathological alterations in brain neurons were subsequently observed. The levels of inflammatory factors [interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-1β， IL-10， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）]， oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， catalase （CAT）]， and neurotransmitters [5- hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA）， glutamic acid （Glu）， dopamine （DA）， and norepinephrine （NE）] were measured. The protein expression levels of protein kinase B1 （AKT1）， phosphorylated AKT1 （p-AKT1）， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， sarcoma proto-oncogene，non-receptor tyrosine kinase （SRC）， and heat shock protein 90α family class A member 1 （HSP90AA1） in the zebrafish were also determined. RESULTS A total of 12 active components and 176 intersecting disease targets were identified through network pharmacology analysis. Among these， apigenin， naringenin and others were recognized as core active compounds， while AKT1， EGFR and others served as key targets； EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance signaling pathway was identified as the critical pathway. The sleep improvement rates in zebrafish of LRME low-， medium-， and high-dose groups were 54.60%， 69.03% and 77.97%， 开发。E-mail：hjp_yft@163.com respectively， while the inhibition ratios of locomotor distance were 0.57， 0.83 and 0.95， respectively. Compared with the model group， the number of resting counts， resting time and resting distance were significantly increased/extended in LRME medium- and high-dose groups （P＜0.05）. Neuronal damage in the brain was alleviated. Additionally， the levels of IL-6， IL-1β， TNF-α， MDA， Glu， DA and NE， as well as the protein expression levels of AKT1， p-AKT1， EGFR， SRC and HSP90AA1， were markedly reduced （P＜0.05）， while the levels of IL-10， SOD， GSH-Px， CAT， 5-HT and GABA， as well as Bcl-2 protein expression， were significantly elevated （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS L. ruthenicum Murr. demonstrates sleep-improving effects， and its specific mechanism may be related to the regulation of inflammatory responses， oxidative stress， neurotransmitter balance， and the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of total flavonoids from Carthamus tinctorius L. （TFCTL） on hepatic stellate cell （HSC） activation based on the microRNA （miRNA）-204/NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1 （NUAK1）/Hippo signaling axis， thereby elucidating the potential mechanism underlying their antifibrotic effects. METHODS The HSC-T6 cells were divided into control group， model group， TFCTL low-concentration group （20 μg/mL）， TFCTL medium-concentration group （40 μg/mL）， and TFCTL high-concentration group （60 μg/mL）. Except for control group， the remaining groups were treated with 5 ng/mL of transforming growth factor-β to induce the activation of hepatic stellate cells， followed by the addition of corresponding drug solutions/culture medium and incubation for 24 hours. Cell apoptosis was assessed， the expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， type Ⅰ collagen （Collagen Ⅰ） and proteins associated with the Hippo/Yes-associated protein （YAP） pathway [YAP， large tumor suppressor kinase 1 （LATS1）， and mammalian STE20-like kinase 1 （MST1）] were detected. Additionally， cell transfection was used to investigate the activity of the miRNA-204/NUAK1/Hippo signaling axis at both the genetic and protein levels. RESULTS After intervention with TFCTL， the apoptosis rate of HSC-T6 cells and the protein expressions of MST1 （except for the TFCTL high-concentration group） and LATS1 were significantly increased （P＜0.05）， while the protein expressions of α-SMA， CollagenⅠ， and YAP （except for the TFCTL medium-concentration group） were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. Further results from cell transfection experiments revealed that after transfection with miRNA-204 mimics， the mRNA it’s protein expressions of α-SMA， CollagenⅠ， NUAK1， and YAP in HSC-T6 cells were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）， while the mRNA and protein expressions of LATS1 and the mRNA expression of MST1 were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Conversely， the results were opposite following transfection with miRNA-204 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS TFCTL can exert anti-hepatic fibrosis effects by up-regulating the expression of miRNA-204， thereby down- regulating the expressions of NUAK1， inactivating the Hippo/YAP pathway， which in turn suppresses the activation of HSC and promotes their apoptosis.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among children aged 0-9 years in Guangzhou, so as to provide reference basis for further exploring scientifically effective prevention and control measures. Methods: Reported cases of HFMD in children aged 0-9 years in Guangzhou City from 2013-2025 were selected from China disease prevention and control information system, and the incidence in different years was analyzed descriptively; the trends of the composition ratio and incidence in various age groups were analyzed by using the Joinpoint regression model, spatial autocorrelation analyses were performed at the district level, and the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model (SARIMA) was applied to predict annual incidence rate for 2026. Results: From 2013 to 2025, the average annual reported incidence rate of HFMD among children aged 0-9 years in Guangzhou was 2 513.98/100 000, showing a fluctuating trend. Peaks of incidence occurred from May to July and from September to October. The male to female ratio was 1.49∶1. The average annual incidence rate was 4 743.99/100 000 in the 0-1 years age group, 3 298.19/100 000 in the 2-5 years age group, and 544.22/ 100 000 in the 6-9 years age group. Joinpoint regression analysis showed a decreasing trend in the proportion of the 0-1 years age group (APC= -6.02 %, t =-3.77) and an increasing trend in the proportion of the 6-9 years age group (APC=16.39%, t =5.67) (both P < 0.05 ). No significant global spatial clustering was observed at the district level; however, local scattered clusters were identified in certain areas. Using the SARIMA(2,0,0)(2,0,0) 12 model, the predicted annual incidence rate of HFMD among children aged 0-9 years in Guangzhou in 2026 was 2 680.56/100 000. Conclusions From 2013 to 2025, the annual incidence rate of HFMD among children aged 0-9 years in Guangzhou exhibited a fluctuating trend; the highest incidence rate is observed in the 0-1 years age group, while the proportion of cases in the 6-9 years age group increase year by year;and local spatial clusters of abnormal distribution are identified. It is essential to enhance risk monitoring and health education in key populations and areas to mitigate the risk of infection in children.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Gardeniae Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma on ferroptosis in the rat model of myocardial infarction and further elucidate its role in myocardial remodeling. MethodsThe rat model of myocardial infarction was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The 50 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into model group， ferroptosis inhibitor group （2 mg·kg^-1）， enalapril group （2.1 mg·kg^-1）， and low- and high-dose （4 g·kg^-1 and 8 g·kg^-1， respectively） Gardeniae Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， with 10 rats in each group. The rat model of myocardial infarction was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 4 weeks of treatment， echocardiography was used to assess the cardiac structure and function. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining were employed to observe pathological morphology and fibrosis of the myocardial tissue. Serum levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP）， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， and myosin heavy chain-β （MHC-β） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Prussian blue staining was performed to detect myocardial iron deposition. The myocardial mitochondrial structure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione （GSH） in the myocardial tissue were determined by lipid peroxidation assay kits. Immunofluorescence assay was conducted to observe the fluorescence intensity of nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2） in the myocardial tissue. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression levels of proteins in the Nrf2/solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）/glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） pathway. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group showed increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， left ventricular end-systolic diameter （LVESD）， and serum levels of NT-proBNP， TGF-β， and MHC-β （P<0.01）， decreased left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS） （P<0.01）， disarrangement of myocardial cells， inflammatory cell infiltration， severe myocardial fibrosis， increased myocardial iron deposition， and irregular mitochondrial morphology with vacuolation. Furthermore， the modeling led to increased MDA （P<0.01）， decreased GSH （P<0.01）， diminished Nrf2 fluorescence intensity in the myocardial tissue， and downregulated expression levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Gardeniae Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma reduced the LVEDD， LVESD， and serum levels of NT-proBNP， TGF-β， and MHC-β （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased the LVEF and LVFS （P<0.05， P<0.01）， alleviated pathological changes such as myocardial cell disarrangement， inflammatory cell infiltration， myocardial fibrosis， and iron deposition， lowered the level of MDA （P<0.05， P<0.01）， raised the level of GSH （P<0.05， P<0.01）， improved the mitochondrial morphology and reduced vacuolation in the myocardial tissue， enhanced Nrf2 fluorescence intensity， and upregulated the expression levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 （P<0.05， P<0.01） in the rat model of myocardial infarction. ConclusionGardeniae Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma alleviates pathological damage and myocardial remodeling in the rat model of myocardial infarction by inhibiting ferroptosis， the mechanism of which is related to the activation of Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Gardeniae Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma on ferroptosis in the rat model of myocardial infarction and further elucidate its role in myocardial remodeling. MethodsThe rat model of myocardial infarction was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The 50 successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into model group， ferroptosis inhibitor group （2 mg·kg^-1）， enalapril group （2.1 mg·kg^-1）， and low- and high-dose （4 g·kg^-1 and 8 g·kg^-1， respectively） Gardeniae Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， with 10 rats in each group. The rat model of myocardial infarction was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 4 weeks of treatment， echocardiography was used to assess the cardiac structure and function. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining were employed to observe pathological morphology and fibrosis of the myocardial tissue. Serum levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP）， transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）， and myosin heavy chain-β （MHC-β） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Prussian blue staining was performed to detect myocardial iron deposition. The myocardial mitochondrial structure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione （GSH） in the myocardial tissue were determined by lipid peroxidation assay kits. Immunofluorescence assay was conducted to observe the fluorescence intensity of nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2） in the myocardial tissue. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression levels of proteins in the Nrf2/solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）/glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） pathway. ResultsCompared with the sham group， the model group showed increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter （LVEDD）， left ventricular end-systolic diameter （LVESD）， and serum levels of NT-proBNP， TGF-β， and MHC-β （P<0.01）， decreased left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and left ventricular fractional shortening （LVFS） （P<0.01）， disarrangement of myocardial cells， inflammatory cell infiltration， severe myocardial fibrosis， increased myocardial iron deposition， and irregular mitochondrial morphology with vacuolation. Furthermore， the modeling led to increased MDA （P<0.01）， decreased GSH （P<0.01）， diminished Nrf2 fluorescence intensity in the myocardial tissue， and downregulated expression levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Gardeniae Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma reduced the LVEDD， LVESD， and serum levels of NT-proBNP， TGF-β， and MHC-β （P<0.05， P<0.01）， increased the LVEF and LVFS （P<0.05， P<0.01）， alleviated pathological changes such as myocardial cell disarrangement， inflammatory cell infiltration， myocardial fibrosis， and iron deposition， lowered the level of MDA （P<0.05， P<0.01）， raised the level of GSH （P<0.05， P<0.01）， improved the mitochondrial morphology and reduced vacuolation in the myocardial tissue， enhanced Nrf2 fluorescence intensity， and upregulated the expression levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 （P<0.05， P<0.01） in the rat model of myocardial infarction. ConclusionGardeniae Fructus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma alleviates pathological damage and myocardial remodeling in the rat model of myocardial infarction by inhibiting ferroptosis， the mechanism of which is related to the activation of Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway.

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of the Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors Fasudil and Y27632 on promoting angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro and on flap survival in mice. Methods Thirty-six SPF-grade adult male ICR mice were randomly divided into the Y27632 group, Fasudil group, and control group, with 12 mice in each group. From 3 d before surgery, the mice were intraperitoneally injected daily with Y27632 solution, Fasudil solution, and an equal volume of normal saline, respectively. Then, a peninsular flap model pedicled on the iliolumbar vessels on the back of the mice was established surgically. Laser speckle contrast imaging was used to evaluate flap blood perfusion immediately after surgery (day 0) and on day 5, and the pedicle artery diameter was measured and proximal and distal blood flow were calculated. On day 5 after surgery, the flap necrosis rate was calculated, and CD31-positive microvessel density in the distal part of the flap was detected by immunofluorescence. In addition, EdU cell proliferation, scratch, Transwell, and Matrigel tube formation assays were used to compare the effects of Fasudil and Y27632 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro, with DMSO treatment as the control. ResultsOn day 5 after surgery, the flap necrosis rate in the Fasudil group was (2.0±1.5)%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group and the Y27632 group (P<0.001), and the necrosis rate in the Y27632 group was also significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.001). The pedicle iliolumbar artery diameter in the Fasudil group on day 0 and day 5 after surgery was (143.8±4.2) μm and (177.6±7.6) μm, respectively, both significantly larger than those in the control group and the Y27632 group (P<0.001). On day 5 after surgery, the proximal and distal blood flow in the Fasudil group were (453.0±12.5) PU and (79.2±4.8) PU, respectively, both significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.001) and the Y27632 group (P<0.05). The microvessel density in the distal surviving tissue of the flap was (71.6±3.5) vessels/region, significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.001) and also significantly higher than that in the Y27632 group (P＜0.05). On day 0 after surgery, the pedicle iliolumbar artery diameter in the Y27632 group was smaller than that in the control group (P＜0.05), while on day 5 after surgery, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The proximal and distal blood flow on day 5 after surgery were also significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.001), and the microvessel density was also significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), but the distal blood flow showed no significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05). In vitro experiments showed that the proliferation rate, migration rate, and number of invasive cells of HUVECs in the Fasudil and Y27632 groups were significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between the two drug groups (P>0.05), whereas the tube formation ability of the Fasudil group was significantly better than that of the Y27632 group (P<0.05). ConclusionBoth Fasudil and Y27632 can effectively promote angiogenesis and improve flap survival rate, but the effect of Fasudil is more significant, which may be related to its sustained regulation of hemodynamics and vascular stability.

Objective To establish human colorectal cancer(CRC)organoids and to evaluate the efficacy of chem-otherapy drugs.Methods Patient-derived CRC cells were cultured to form organoids.The CRC organoids and origi-nal tissues were stained with molecular markers of CRC immunohishtochemically.CRC organoids were used to test drug sensitivity and different concentrations of chemotherapy drugs 5-fluorouracil,oxaliplatin and irinotecan were given respectively;Organoid activity before and after drug treatment was measured by 3D cell viability assay.Results The patient-derived organoids(PDO)from 5 CRC tissues were successfully established.The expression of CK20,Ki67 and Villin proteins was similar in organoids and in original tumor.The organoids retained histologcial features similar to those of the original tumors.Different PDO showed differential sensitivity to different chemothera-py drugs.Conclusions CRC-PDO can dispaly their different sensitivities to different chemotherapy drugs,and could provide valuble reference for personalized treatment for CRC patients.

Cataract is the world's leading cause of blindness, and surgery is the most effective treatment for cataract. With the development of femtosecond laser technology and ophthalmic surgical equipment, the application of femtosecond laser systems in cataract surgery is becoming increasingly widespread. It can be used in cataract surgery for corneal incisions, anterior capsulotomy, lens fragmentation, arcuate incisions and other key operations. Compared to traditional surgery, femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)offers significant advantages in precision, safety and postoperative visual outcomes. Its clinical benefits have garnered growing recognition among ophthalmologists. However, the key technologies and high-precision equipment for FLACS remain predominantly controlled by Western countries. In China, the research in this field began later. This article reviews the technological advancements in FLACS, with a focus on femtosecond laser technology, optical coherence tomography(OCT), artificial intelligence, and clinical application progress. The objective is to provide theoretical foundations and practical insights for the development of ophthalmic medical technology in China.

Objective: To analyze the changes in classroom lighting environment of schools in Suzhou and their impact on refractive progression among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide the basis for accurate provention and control of myopia. Methods: A baseline investigation was conducted in October 2022 by using a stratified cluster random sampling method to recruit primary and secondary school students from Suzhou. A follow up visit was performed in October 2023. A total of 12 302 students and 360 classrooms that participated in both surveys were included analysis. The visual acuity progression over one year and classroom lighting conditions were assessed. Group comparisons were performed by using the Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum, and Chi-square tests. Multivariate Logistic regression was employed to identify the major factors influencing refractive changes. Results: The compliance rate of average illuminance on classroom blackboard surface increased from 72.22% to 75.28%, while the compliance rate of average illuminance on desks decreased from 89.44% to 87.22%, the overall myopia rate among students rose from 59.63% to 66.99% from 2022 to 2023. The average annual progression of equivalent spherical power(SE) in the right eye of students was -0.25(-0.75,0.06)D. Significant statistical differences were observed in the annual mean changes across different school levels, regions, baseline refractive statuses, and classroom lighting environment change groups ( Z/H =316.59, -8.27, 38.80 , 51.01, all P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that pre myopia, low myopia, junior high school, senior high school, vocational high school, and improved classroom lighting environment were protective factors of reducing the risk of rapid progression in refractive error ( OR =0.58, 0.69, 0.81, 0.50, 0.28, 0.82, all P <0.05). Conversely, female students and rural students had higher risks of rapid myopia progression ( OR =1.09, 1.42, both P <0.05). Conclusions Over one year follow up, the complance rate of classroom lighting indicators in Suzhou remaines stable, while students refractive status shows a trend toward myopia. Improving classroom lighting environment can reduce the risk of rapid myopia progression.

Objective To systematically evaluate the psychometric properties of specific self-reported outcome assessment tools for patients undergoing Endoscopic Transnasal Transsphenoidal Surgery(ETTS),with the aim of pro-viding clinical healthcare professionals with evidence to guide the selection of appropriate assessment tools.Methods A systematic search was performed across multiple databases,including the North American Skull Base Society,PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CNKI,VIP database,Wanfang database,and the China Biomedical Literature Database,for studies published from the inception of each database to January 9,2025,that are related to ETTS-specific symptom assessment tools.Totally 2 independent researchers screened the literature and extracted relevant data.The consensus-based health measurement tool selection bias risk checklist and quality standards were used to evaluate the methodological quality and psychometric properties of the included studies,which helped to form the development of recommendations.Results A total of 11 articles were included,covering 8 specific self-reported outcome assessment tools for patients undergoing endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection.Of these,the Pituitary Outcome Score and the Leiden Bother and Needs Questionnaire for patients with pituitary disease 2 tools were rated as Grade A recommendations,and 6 tools were rated as Grade B recommendations.Conclusion POS and LBNQ-Pituitary are recommended due to their relatively strong overall methodological quality and psychometric properties.However,further validation with larger sample sizes is necessary.