Objective: To explore the intra class transmission pattern of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) among students, so as to provide a basis for formulating precise prevention and control strategies. Methods: The data of AHC students in 2023 was obtained from the teacher-student health information module of the "Xiamen i-Education" platform. Taking the onset date from January 1st to December 31st, 2023 as the search criteria, the epidemiological data of confirmed AHC cases among students in the whole city in 2023 was collected. And the Knox test method was employed to quantify cluster risk at the class level. Subgroup comparisons were conducted to examine differences in cluster risk between academic stages and gender combinations. Cross analysis was performed to investigate the interactive effects of two characteristics on cluster risk. Results: In 2023, 708 cases of AHC students were reported in Xiamen, among which 54 class clustered outbreaks were identified. These outbreaks accounted for 40.54% of total cases. Among them, the incidence of class clustered outbreaks with male first onset cases was higher than that with female first onset cases ( χ 2=4.55, P <0.05). The class cluster risk was at a relatively high level within the incubation period (0-2 d) after AHC onset ( RR =4.61-6.43, P <0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that female-female case pairs had a higher class cluster risk ( RR = 4.81- 10.29) compared to other gender combinations ( P <0.05). Primary school case pairs showed a higher risk ( RR =4.60-6.77) than middle school case pairs ( RR =3.85-4.57) (both P <0.05). Cross analysis indicated that primary school and female-female combinations had a higher risk ( RR =4.70-11.24) than other combinations, while middle school and male-female combinations showed a positive interaction ( RR =3.68-6.68)(both P <0.05). Conclusions AHC infection among students is primarily transmitted within classes. Gender and educational stage are key demographic factors influencing class cluster transmission risks. Transmission risks should be assessed by analyzing population characteristics and contact patterns, and targeted interventions should be implemented.

Purpose To quantitatively compare the diffusion parameters of mono-and biexponential diffusion-weighted imaging models,and to obtain optimal sets of b-values in diffusion-weighted MRI for obtaining monoexponential apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)close to perfusion-insensitive intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)model ADC(ADCIVIM)in identifying of pulmonary solid benign and malignant lesions.Materials and Methods IVIM was performed in 40 patients with solid nodule and masse in Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital from July 2021 to August 2022 using a 3.0T MR imager.Two experienced diagnostic radiologists subjectively evaluated the IVIM images.A single index model was used to calculate ADC values(ADC0-1 000,ADC20-1 000,ADC50-1 000,ADC80-1 000,ADC150-1 000,ADC300-1 000,ADC500-1 000,ADC300,500,1 000,ADC300,800,1 000,ADC300,500,ADC300,800 and ADC300,1 000).The reference standard ADCIVIM value were calculated using a double-exponential model.The physician's measurements between two physicians were measured.The malignant and benign groups were compared and receiver operator characteristic curve for all parameters were analyzed.Results The measurement consistency of ADC values under b value sets and ADCIVIM was very good,and the intraclass correlation coefficient was more significant than 0.75.The differences between ADCIVIM and ADC values in each b group were statistically significant(t=-6.016--2.500,all P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of ADCIVIM was the largest(0.906),with an optimal threshold of 1.271×10-3 mm2/s,a sensitivity of 80.0%and a specificity of 93.0%.The diagnostic efficacy close to ADCIVIM were ADC300,800(AUC=0.891),ADC50-1 000(AUC=0.827)and ADC300,800,1 000(AUC=0.795),respectively.The optimal threshold of ADC300,800 was 1.140×10-3 mm2/s,the sensitivity and specificity were 80.0%and 93.7%,respectively.Conclusion Combining b-values 300 s/mm2 and 800 s/mm2 is recommended as routine scanning parameters for identifying the insensitive monoexponential ADC between benign and malignant solid pulmonary lesions.

Purpose To quantitatively compare the diffusion parameters of mono-and biexponential diffusion-weighted imaging models,and to obtain optimal sets of b-values in diffusion-weighted MRI for obtaining monoexponential apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)close to perfusion-insensitive intravoxel incoherent motion(IVIM)model ADC(ADCIVIM)in identifying of pulmonary solid benign and malignant lesions.Materials and Methods IVIM was performed in 40 patients with solid nodule and masse in Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital from July 2021 to August 2022 using a 3.0T MR imager.Two experienced diagnostic radiologists subjectively evaluated the IVIM images.A single index model was used to calculate ADC values(ADC0-1 000,ADC20-1 000,ADC50-1 000,ADC80-1 000,ADC150-1 000,ADC300-1 000,ADC500-1 000,ADC300,500,1 000,ADC300,800,1 000,ADC300,500,ADC300,800 and ADC300,1 000).The reference standard ADCIVIM value were calculated using a double-exponential model.The physician's measurements between two physicians were measured.The malignant and benign groups were compared and receiver operator characteristic curve for all parameters were analyzed.Results The measurement consistency of ADC values under b value sets and ADCIVIM was very good,and the intraclass correlation coefficient was more significant than 0.75.The differences between ADCIVIM and ADC values in each b group were statistically significant(t=-6.016--2.500,all P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of ADCIVIM was the largest(0.906),with an optimal threshold of 1.271×10-3 mm2/s,a sensitivity of 80.0%and a specificity of 93.0%.The diagnostic efficacy close to ADCIVIM were ADC300,800(AUC=0.891),ADC50-1 000(AUC=0.827)and ADC300,800,1 000(AUC=0.795),respectively.The optimal threshold of ADC300,800 was 1.140×10-3 mm2/s,the sensitivity and specificity were 80.0%and 93.7%,respectively.Conclusion Combining b-values 300 s/mm2 and 800 s/mm2 is recommended as routine scanning parameters for identifying the insensitive monoexponential ADC between benign and malignant solid pulmonary lesions.

【Objective】 To investigate the clinical efficacy of human acellular allogeneic dermis (HADM) in the repair of urinary fistula. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 12 female patients with complex vesicovaginal fistula treated during Jun.2021 and Nov.2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients’ average age was 47.3 years, ranging from 38 to 56 years. The body mass index (BMI) ranged from 16.6 to 25.2, with an average of 21.3. HADM was inserted between vagina and bladder wall fistula to repair fistula in all 12 patients. 【Results】 All operations were successful. After the operation, the vaginal urine leakage stopped and the urinary tube was retained for 2 weeks. During the postoperative follow-up of 1 to 16 months, no recurrence or complication were observed. 【Conclusion】 Transvaginal HDMA is an ideal surgical method in the treatment of complex vesicovaginal fistula, which has advantages of small trauma, fast recovery and high success rate.

【Objective】 To explore the diagnosis and choice of surgical treatment of paraurethral cyst in adults. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 56 patients with paraurethral cyst treated at our hospital during Dec.2011 and Jul.2022 were retrospectively analyzed. 【Results】 Of the 56 patients, most of the urethral masses were found during physical examination or bathing, and the time between finding of masses and admission was 2 days to 10 years. Two cases were diagnosed as vaginal wall mass, and one as ureal mass, which were confirmed by postoperative pathology as leiomyoma. Fifty-three cases were diagnosed as paraurethral cysts, 15 of whom underwent fenestration and 38 complete resection of the cyst wall. In the 38 cases who underwent complete resection of cyst wall, 6 had urethral damage due to large and deep cysts closely connected with the urethra, and catheter was indwelled for 10 to 14 days after surgery. All cases were cured without complications. There was no recurrence during the 2 months to 10 years of follow-up. 【Conclusion】 Paraurethral cysts are not difficult to diagnose. Large cysts are likely to damage the urethra due to repeated infection and close connection with urethra. We suggest that the large and deep paraurethral cysts should be removed with fenestration.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the correlation of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients following coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:PubMed, web of science, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang Data were searched for studies on hs-CRP levels in patients undergoing CAG or PCI patients from the incipience of the database to March 7, 2021. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software.Results:Fourteen related studies were included involving 11 885 patients undergoing CAG or PCI (1 034 cases with CIN and 10 851 cases without CIN). The results of meta-analysis showed that the level of hs-CRP in CIN group was significantly higher than that in non-CIN group (WMD=3.77,95 %CI:2.80—4.74, P<0.001, I2=93%), patients with higher levels of hs-CRP before CAG or PCI were more likely to develop CIN. Sensitivity analysis shows that the results of this study had good stability. The results of subgroup analysis show that the differences in sample size, study population, geographical location and the definition of CIN were statistically significant. Conclusion:Available evidence shows that high hs-CRP level is a risk factor for CIN in patients undergoing CAG or PCI, large sample trials are still needed to support this conclusion.

Objective:To analyze the distribution and composition characteristics of jellyfish stings in various coastal baths in Qinhuangdao City from 2017 to 2019, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention, control and early warning of jellyfish stings.Methods:Statistics and analysis of the age, gender, time of stings, location of injury, first symptoms, and playing time in the sea at the time of the sting, etc. of people with jellyfish stings in various bathing beaches along the coast of Qinhuangdao from 2017 to 2019 (July to August) were conducted.Results:The number of jellyfish stings in the coastal bathing beaches of Qinhuangdao City in 2017, 2018, and 2019 was decreasing year by year, with 1 890, 492, and 171 cases respectively. Among them, Qianshuiwan Bathing Beach and Dongshan Bathing Beach had more stings (60.90% and 35.08% respectively in 2017, 24.39% and 64.23% respectively in 2018, 16.96% and 16.42% respectively in 2019). There was no significant change in the gender and age distribution of jellyfish stings each year [57.99% males in 2017, with a median age of 13 (8, 31) years old; 63.21% males in 2018, with a median age of 25 (8, 29) years old; and 59.65% males in 2019, with a median age of 12 (7, 31) years old]. Stings were mainly located at the lower limbs (the proportion of lower limb injuries: 46.54% in 2018, 45.61% in 2019), followed by upper limbs (upper arm, elbow, forearm), trunk, etc. The first symptom was mainly pain (89.43% in 2018, 38.29% in 2019), followed by rash (64.43% in 2018, 59.43% in 2019), numbness, blisters, etc. Sting incidents mainly occurred from 13:00 to 17:59 (the proportion of sting incidents in this time period in 2018 and 2019 were 68.09% and 52.63%, respectively).Conclusions:Jellyfish stings in coastal baths in Qinhuangdao City are mainly distributed in Qianshuiwan Baths and Dongshan Baths. The management of these sea areas should be strengthened, and scientific publicity and medical rescue should be strengthened to prevent jellyfish stings in peak hours and related baths.

Objective:The clinical efficacy, safety and quality of life in female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI)treated by midurethral sling were studied by multicenter retrospective study.Methods:From January 2018 to December 2018, 531 female patients with severe stress urinary incontinence from seven domestic urinary center were included in this study, including 78 cases from General Hospital of Central Theater Command, 122 cases from Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ren Ji Hospital, 67 cases from Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, 68 cases from People’s Hospital of Jiangsu Province, 71 cases from The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 65 cases from Zhejiang Provincial People’s hospital, 60 cases from Xiamen University First Affiliated Hospital. Among the 531 patients, 214 cases received TVT sling with an average age of (58.14±10.16) years. 181 cases were in postmenopausal(84.6%). The number of births ≥2 times was 89 (41.6%) cases. The score of ICI-Q-SF was 16.00±1.73. There were 166 cases of moderate incontinence (77.6%) and 48 cases of severe incontinence (22.4%). There were 317 patients in the TOT/TVT-O group with an average age of (58.33±10.25) years. 247 cases were in postmenopausal(77.9%). The number of births ≥2 times was 120 (37.8%) cases. The score of ICI-Q-SF was 15.79±1.75. There were 256 cases of moderate incontinence (80.8%) and 61 cases of severe incontinence (19.2%). There was no statistically significant difference in general data parameters between the two groups ( P>0.05). 1, 6, 12 months after the operation, the two groups of patients incontinence questionnaire Summary(ICI-Q-SF), common complications and Patient Global Impression of Improvement(PGI-I), satisfaction evaluation follow-up. ICI-Q-SF score improved > by 50% (cure + significant improvement) and 1-hour pad test <10 g (qualitative index) were used as the evaluation index of surgical success. Result:Both of the two surgical methods have high successive rate. There was no significant difference between 94.9% (203/214) of the TVT group and 93.7% (297/317) of the TOT/ TVT-O group ( P>0.05). Postoperative improvement of urinary incontinence (cure rate) [88.3% (189/214)]in the TVT group was slightly higher than that in the TOT/ TVT-O group [77.0% (244/317)] ( P<0.05). There was no change in the recurrence rate of urinary incontinence in the follow-up 6 and 12 months after the operation. There was no statistically significant difference between 4.4% (9/203) in the TVT group and 5.4% (16/297) in the TOT/TVT-O group ( P>0.05). The subjective cure rate 12 months after the operation was 96.3% (206/214) in the TVT group and 95.9% (304/317) in the TOT/TVT-O group ( P>0.05). 10 patients occurred bladder perforation occurred in the TVT group, and no bladder perforation occurred in the TOT/TVT-O group ( P<0.001). The incidence of pain and discomfort in the TVT group was significantly lower at 1.9% than that in the TOT/TVT-O group at 6.9% ( P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of complications such as dysuria/urinary retention, frequent urination/urgency incontinence. Both of them exposed sling ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both TVT and TOT/TVT-O sling can effectively treat female stress urinary incontinence, and both can improve the sexual satisfaction of patients after the surgery, with fewer complications and other advantages. The selection of specific surgical methods in clinical practice can be individualized according to the patient's physical conditions, clinical needs and the operation methods familiar to doctors.

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of female urethral diverticulum resection and reconstruction under the folding position. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 22 female patients with urethral diverticulum was performed from September 2010 to December 2018. There were 12 cases of simple diverticulum, 6 cases of horseshoe diverticulum, 4 cases of circumferential diverticulum, aged from 26 to 72 years, with an average of 46.2 years, whose BMI ranged from 24.2 to 34.8 kg/m², with an average of 30.4 kg/m². Eleven cases (50%) presented with dysuria, 10 cases (45.5%) with repeated urinary tract infections, 7 cases (31.2%) with difficulty of voiding, 10 cases (45.5%) with urethral secretion, 9 cases (40.1%) with difficulty of sexual intercourse, and 4 cases (18.2%) without symptoms. Unlike the traditional surgical procedure under the lithotomy position, the folding position was used to expose the vagina and separate the vaginal mucosa by longitudinal incision, and the diverticulum was completely removed to the neck. The peri-operative complications and efficacy were recorded. Results: All 22 cases underwent successful procedures, and were followed up for 25.2 months on average (ranged 8 to 42 months). One of them suffered from weak stream 2 months after operation, with residual urine volume of 100ml by ultrasonography. Her symptoms improved after dilatation of the urethra. Two cases suffered from different degrees of lower urinary tract storage symptoms 1 month after the operation (1 case of mild dysuria and 1 case of urinary tract infection), who improved after oral administration of levofloxacin tablets for 3-5 days. All patients had no urethral diverticulum recurrence 3 months later by ultrasonography, half a year by cystoscopy, and every six months by ultrasonography. Conclusions Surgical treatment is still the best choice for patients with urethral diverticulum. The success rate of transvaginal urethral diverticulum reconstruction with a Jackknife position is high, postoperative recurrence rate is low, and postoperative complications are few.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of recombinant human Interferon α2b (rhIFN α2b) spray in hand,foot and mouth disease (HMFD).Methods In total,313 HMFD children were enrolled from Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University,Tianjing Second People's Hospital,Hebei Children's Hospital,the Second Hospital affiliated to Wenzhou Medical College,Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Guiyang Public Health Treatment Center from March,2015 to February,2017.They were divided into rhIFN α2b group (148 cases) and ribavirin group (165 cases).The children in rhIFN α2b group were given with the rhIFN α2b spray,and those in ribavirin group were given with the ribavirin spray.Meanwhile,the children were given unified standard interventions for basic treatment.The curative effect and safety between two groups was compared.The t test was used for intergroup comparison and the Wilcoxon rank test was used for non-normal quantitative data.Results At the end of the follow-up period,all kids reached the recovery level,with 144 cases in the rhIFN α2b group and 164 cases in the ribavirin group.Fever,herpes and rashes all disappeared with 7-day follow-up.The total efficiency of the rhIFN α2b group measured at the 72h after treatment was 74.15％,which showed significant differences compared with the ribavirin group with 49.09 ％ efficiency (Z=4.44,P＜0.01).As the secondary outcome measures,the complete disappearance time of fever and the immediate disappearance time of fever in the rhIFN α2b group were significantly shorter than those in the ribavirin group ([27.03±21.99] vs [33.21±26.71],t=-2.13;[23.56±13.96] vs [28.51±18.84],t=-2.07,both P＜0.05).The appetite improvement and the disappearance times of oral herpes and rashes in the rhIFN α2b group were shorter than those in the ribavirin group,with significant differences (x2 =4.94,3.17 and 3.55,respectively,all P=0.000).No adverse event in both groups.Conclusions rhIFN α2b spray treatment in HMFD is proved significantly effective,particularly,it can evidently relieve fever symptoms and promote the disappearance of oral herpes symptoms,and no adverse event is observed throughout the study,which indicates a good safety of the rhIFN α2b spray.Clinical trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR-OIN-17013182.