Objective:To compare the chemical composition of decoction and granules of Sangju Decoction; To provide a method for quality evaluation of Sangju Decoction.Methods:HPLC was used to establish fingerprints, and a comprehensive comparative study was conducted on the traditional decoction and formula granules of Sangju Decoction from four aspects: chemical composition type, fingerprint similarity, chemical pattern recognition analysis, and representative index component content.Results:The fingerprint similarity of the 10 batches of traditional decoction was >0.988. 35 peaks were identified and 12 peaks were identified as common peaks (neochlorogenic acid for peak 7, chlorogenic acid for peak 10, cryptochlorogenic acid for peak 11, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid for peak 13, rutin for peak 17, lenoside A for peak 19, lignan for peak 20, isochlorogenic acid B for peak 24, ammonium glycyrrhizate for peak 25). The fingerprint similarity of the formulation pellets was >0.983, and 29 characteristic peaks were identified. Compared with the traditional decoction, some batches of the granules lacked peaks 14, 26, 27, 30, 32 and 34, and clustering analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) could distinguish between the two. The contents of the 10 index components neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, forsythia ester glycoside A, grass glycosides, isochlorogenic acid B, 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, forsythia glycosides, monkshood glycosides in the traditional soup were higher than that in the granules, and the contents of rutin and ammonium glycyrrhizate in the granules were higher than that in traditional decoction.Conclusions:The content and composition of traditional decoction and formula granules of Sangju Decoction are significantly different. The combination of fingerprinting and chemical pattern identification effectively can effectively evaluate the difference between traditional decoction and formula granules of Sangju Decoction, which can lay a foundation for the quality control and rational clinical application of formula granules of Sangju Decoction.

Objective:To analyze the disease characteristics, diagnosis and treatment methods of venous pulsatile tinnitus treated by intervention of sigmoid sinus.Methods:Fifty patients (from Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong University between February 2014 and July 2020) with venous pulsatile tinnitus treated by sigmoid sinus surgery were analyzed retrospectively. The tinnitus characteristics, imaging findings, surgical methods, intraoperative findings and postoperative tinnitus changes were recorded. The patients were followed up for 6-12 months. The sign rank sum test was used to analyze the difference in tinnitus grading before and after surgery. There were 50 patients with unilateral venous pulsatile tinnitus, including 49 females and 1 male. The age ranged from 17 to 67 years, with a median age of 44 years. There were 45 cases of right tinnitus and 5 cases of left tinnitus. The degree of tinnitus before operation was grade Ⅱ or above, including 4 cases of gradeⅡ, 11 cases of grade Ⅲ, 22 cases of grade Ⅳ and 13 cases of grade Ⅴ.Results:Thirty-seven cases were cured, 8 cases were ineffective (no change in tinnitus), 3 cases were markedly effective (tinnitus grade decreased by 3 in 2 cases, 4 in 1 case), and 2 cases were effective (tinnitus grade decreased by 1). The difference of tinnitus grade before and after operation was statistically significant ( Z=-5.70, P<0.05). Temporal bone CT showed 36 cases of sigmoid diverticulum (including 17 cases with sigmoid sinus dehiscence), 12 cases of sigmoid sinus dehiscence and 2 cases of absence of the temporal bone cortex abutting to sigmoid sinus. Thirty-five cases were performed with closure of sigmoid sinus diverticulum, 4 cases were performed with resurfacing of the sigmoid plate, 5 cases were performed with narrowing of sigmoid sinus, 4 cases were performed with simple opening of pre sigmoid mastoid air chamber, 1 case of opening was performed with pre sigmoid mastoid air chamber combined with narrowing of sigmoid sinus, and 1 case was performed with opening of pre sigmoid mastoid air chamber combined with closure of sigmoid sinus diverticulum. Conclusions:Venous pulsatile tinnitus is common in women. The common causes may be sigmoid sinus wall abnormalities such as sigmoid sinus diverticulum and perisigmoid bone defect. Imaging examinations are helpful for diagnosis. Venous pulsatile tinnitus can be treated with surgery.

Objective: To compare the short-term efficacy and long-term survival rate of radical radiotherapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy and sequential chemotherapy in esophageal cancer patients, and to investigate the dominant population of esophageal cancer patients who were suitable for concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Methods: Two hundred and eighty patients with esophageal cancer treated with radical radiotherapy from July 2015 to June 2020 were recruited, including 140 patients with concurrent chemotherapy and 140 patients with sequential chemotherapy. The short-term efficacy and long-term survival rate between two groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors for short-term efficacy, long-term survival rate and the dominant population suitable for concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Results: There was no significant difference about the short-term efficacy between the two groups(P>0.05), but in patients with TNM<Ⅳ, the complete remission(CR) rate in concurrent chemotherapy group(18.6%) was higher than that in sequential chemotherapy group(7.7%)(χ2=5.079,P=0.024). Among patients with midpiece esophageal cancer, CR rate in concurrent chemotherapy group was higher than that in sequential chemotherapy group(20.0%vs6.7%, χ2=4.498,P=0.034). The CR rate in patients with TNM<Ⅳ and midpiece esophageal cancer was higher in concurrent chemotherapy group(21.2%) than that in sequential chemotherapy group(2.2%)(χ2=7.459,P=0.006). Results of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the total survival time(4.0 years) and the 3-year survival rate(73.2%) in concurrent chemotherapy group were higher than those in sequential chemotherapy group(2.8 years, 24.2%)(P<0.000 1,P<0.000 1). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with TNM<Ⅳ and midpiece esophageal cancer(OR=11.85) had higher CR rate in group with concurrent chemoradiotherapy(P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that concurrent chemoradiotherapy was a protective factor for death in patients with esophageal cancer(HR=0.448,P<0.000 1). Concurrent chemoradiotherapy was also a protective factor for death in patients with TNM<Ⅳ(HR=0.286), with midpiece esophageal cancer(HR=0.499), with midpiece esophageal cancer and TNM<Ⅳ(HR=0.218), with non-esophageal involvement all around(HR=0.384), with TNM<Ⅳ and non-esophageal involvement all around(HR=0.197), and with TNM<Ⅳ and non-ulcer type(HR=0.266,P<0.05). Conclusion Compared to patients with esophageal cancer treated with sequential chemoradiotherapy, patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy have higher CR rate and long-term survival rate. Patients with TNM<Ⅳ, midpiece tumor location, non-esophageal involvement all around and non-ulcer type esophageal are the superior population for concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features, pathological types, imaging features, and surgical strategies of lateral skull base benign tumors with intracranial invasion.Methods:From January 2011 to March 2021, 36 patients of lateral skull base benign tumors with intracranial invasion were included in this retrospective study. Among the 36 patients, 14 cases were male, 22 cases were female, the aged range from 20-67, with the median age of 48. The clinical manifestations, characteristic imaging findings, pathological types, surgical approach selection, and prognosis were analyzed.Results:36 cases of lateral skull base tumors with intracranial invasion were all accepted surgeries. 23 cases were neurogenic tumors, facial nerve tumors ( n=8), neurogenic tumors in jugular foramen with unknown origin( n=6), hypoglossal schwannoma ( n=3), transotic intralabyrinthine schwannoma ( n=3), vestibular schwannoma involving the middle ear( n=2), vagal nerve schwannoma( n=1). Other types of tumors included meningioma ( n=10) and paraganglioma (Di 1 or 2, n=3). Different pathological types of tumors had different clinical manifestations and imaging manifestations. Sixteen cases were subjected to primary resection, while, other 20 cases underwent staged operation. Among the patients with staged operation, 10 patients had completed the second stage operation, five patients were waiting for the second stage operation, the other five patient′s residual intracranial tumor were significantly reduced and the space between tumor and brain tissues widened after the first stage operation, so, the following up with "wait and scan”policy was suggested. The total resection rate of tumors was related to the pathological nature, in which neurogenic tumors were 15/17, and meningiomas were 5/8. The main postoperative complications were cerebrospinal fluid leakage and infection in the operation area. There were two cases of postoperative intracranial infection, and three cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in non staged operation cases. Conclusions:Lateral skull base tumors with intracranial invasion are rare. The most common pathological type is schwannoma, followed by meningioma and paraganglioma. For this type of tumor, if there is infection in the operation area and neck invasion is large, it is suggested to choose staged surgery, which can reduce the risk of intracranial infection and the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Staged surgery strategy can also reduce the difficulty of second stage surgery, so the operation is much safer than non staged surgery.

Objective:To evaluate postoperative pain control and functional recovery of standardized pain management after total hip arthroplasty.Methods:A retrospective analysis between December 2018 and August 2019 included 100 patients who underwent unilateral total hip arthroplasty in department of arthroplasty at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. After informed consent were obtained, the 100 subjects were randomly divided into the control group and the study group according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which totaled 50 patients in each group. Traditional postoperative pain management was used in control group and a self-made standardized pain management strategy was chosen in the study group. The prognosis of postoperative pain and the Harris Hip Score (HHS) were compared between the two groups.Results:Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in pain outcomes and HHS ( P>0.05). After standardized management of pain, the pain outcome scores of the intervention group were all higher than those of the control group, and the total pain outcome score of the intervention group (12.23±2.39) points was lower than that of the control group (14.50±2.18) points, with statistically significant difference ( t value was 4.962, P<0.001). All the Harris scale scores of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group, and the total score of the intervention group (73.61±5.06) was higher than that of the control group (64.98±7.35), with statistically significant differences ( t value was -6.652, P<0.001). Conclusion:Standardized pain management protocol can be fairly effective in the prognosis of postoperative pain and functional recovery and therefore improve patients′ satisfaction after total hip arthroplasty.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of combining simultaneous triple semicircular canal plugging (TSCP) and cochlear implantation (CI) to treat vertigo and hearing loss in advanced Meniere's disease(MD) patients, so as to provide an alternative surgical procedure for treating this disorder. Methods: Data from seven patients, who were referred to our hospital and diagnosed with unilateral MD strictly meeting the criteria issued by Chinese Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Committee (2006), from Jan. 2015 to Jan. 2016, were retrospectively analyzed in this work. Seven patients, in whom the standardized conservative treatment had been given for at least one year and frequent vertigo still occurred, underwent simultaneous TSCP and CI under general anesthesia via mastoid approach. Postoperative follow-up time was more than six months. Vertigo control and auditory function were measured. Pure tone audiometry, speech perception scores, caloric test, head impulse test (HIT), and vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) were performed for evaluation of audiological and vestibular functions. Results: All patients had bilateral severe sensorineural hearing loss preoperatively. One side hearing loss was due to MD and another side was due to reasons including sudden sensorineural hearing loss, mumps and other unknown reason. The total control rate of vertigo in seven MD patients was 100.0% in the six-month follow-up, with complete control rate of 85.7% (6/7) and substantial control rate of 14.3% (1/7). Improved hearing threshold and speech perception scores were observed in all study participants. Postoperative average aided hearing threshold was 32.5 dBHL, the average monosyllabic word score was 42.6% and speech perception scores of sentences tested in quiet was 52.3%. Tinnitus improved in five cases, and no significant change in two patients. Post-operatively, all patients suffered from temporary vertigo and balance disorders. Vertigo was disappeared in all patients within 3-5 days, while, an average recovery time of balance disorders was 19.7 days. Six months after treatment, loss of semicircular canal function by caloric test was found in the operation side of all patients and no change in cVEMP or oVEMP test was noted. All patients had no facial paralysis, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and other complications. Conclusions A combined approach of TSCP and CI which could control vertigo effectively and improve hearing loss and tinnitus represents an effective and safe therapy for some advanced MD patients.

OBJECTIVETo analyze factors relevant to revisional tympanomastoid surgery for chronic otitis media(COM).

METHODSThe clinical data of 159 patients (159 ears), who exhibited either wet ear or relapsed after the initial operation, and were subjected to revisional tympanomastoid surgery, were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Of those 159 consecutive patients, 85 were males and 74 were females, aged 11-64 years, with a median age of 36 years old. The situations in terms of intra-operative findings, surgical procedures, change dressing post-operation, dry ear time, and the improvement of aural ability during the second operation, were recorded and analyzed.

RESULTSThe second surgery found that, of those 159 patients underwent the re-operation, 67 presented with cholesteatoma and 92 had no cholesteatoma. In addition, the inadequate skeletonization and insufficient opening for mastoid cavity accounted for 70.4% (112/159) of all previous operations, the external auditory canal stenosis for 98.7% (157/159), the high facial ridge leading to insufficient drainage for 61.0% (97/159), the lesion in tympanic ostium of Eustachian tube for 34.6% (55/159), the insufficient drainage due to inappropriate post-operating dressing for 5.0% (8/159), the postauricular incision for 30.8% (49/159), and the endaural incision for 69.2% (110/159). As for the re-operation of the canal wall down mastoidectomy, tympanoplasty plus plastic repairing of cavity of concha were performed in 94 cases, the modified Bondy plus plastic repairing of cavity of concha in four cases, the radical mastoidectomy plus plastic repairing of cavity of concha in 59 cases, and the simple cleaning for mastoid cavity in two cases. Since one to two weeks after the revisional operations, the post-operating dressing was performed with aid of microscopy once a week on average. The average dry ear time ranged from 2 to 6 weeks (median=3 weeks). During a period of 6-93 months for the follow-up, all patients presented with dry ears. The epithelialization of the operating cavity was well and the tympanic membranes were integrity. Neither granulation tissue nor cholesteatoma was found to reoccur. Both pure tone hearing thresholds and air-bone gap decreased in 87 cases after the revisional operation, with statistically significant different in comparison to those two parameters before the operation (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe primary causes responsible for the wet ear or reoccurrent cholesteatoma after tympanomastoid surgery may be related to the improper operation procedures and selection of incision, the non-standard operation, inexhaustive removal of pathological tissues, as well as the irregular postoperation change dressing, and other factors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear ; surgery ; Chronic Disease ; Ear Auricle ; surgery ; Eustachian Tube ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastoid ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Otitis Media ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Tympanic Membrane ; pathology ; surgery ; Tympanoplasty ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the prognostic factors relevant to acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss (ALHL).Methods 196 adult ALHL patients,including 82 males and 114 females with mean age of (43.1 ± 14.3)years old were included.All patients received the same therapy and were evaluated the curative effect.To evaluate the impact factors on the prognosis of hearing,inclusive of age,gender,time delay before the first visit,degree of deafness,vestibular function,electrocochleogram,and the serum levels of thyroxines by SPSS 18.0 software.Results Of those 196 patients with ALHL,124 (63.3％) were recovery,5(2.6％) were excellent better,42(21.4％) were better,and 25 (12.8％) were poor,with a total effective rate of 87.2％.Among 15 (12.1％) who recurred the hearing loss,2 developed into Meniere's disease during the follow-up.The mean age of patients with poor hearing effect was significantly older than that of other patients (P ＜ 0.05).No relativity was found between gender and hearing curative effect.There existed a statistical difference in total effective rate among subjects with different histories (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the recovery rate was significantly different between groups,i.e.,the course of disease was less than 14 days,between 14 days and 6 months,and between 6 months and 2 years (P ＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in total effective rate among different degrees of deafness (P ＞ 0.05).However,in term of the recovery rate,the difference was statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).The recovery rate in patients with mild hearing loss was higher than that in middle or heavy hearing loss (both P ＜ 0.05).Among patients with mild deafness,the recovery rate in patients whose history was less than 3 months was significantly higher than that more than 3 months (P ＜ 0.05).For moderate deafness patients,the recovery rate in patients whose history was less than 7 days was significantly higher than that more than 1 month (P ＜ 0.05).There were statistical differences in hearing effect of 130 (66.3％) patients with abnormal vestibular function in comparison to that with normal vestibular function (x2 =15.1,P ＜ 0.05).There were 17(8.7％) patients with abnormal electrocochleogram combined with abnormal vestibular function,and the hearing effects were all poor.There were 45 (23.0％) patients with abnormal thyroxine levels in serum,which was significant higher than that in health adults of 5.9％ (x2 =7.26,P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference in hearing prognosis between patients with abnormal and normal thyroxine levels (x2 =2.51,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions With respect to ALHL,the hearing effect is associated significantly with the history.The severity of hearing loss is negative prognostic factor for hearing recovery.Age,vestibular function,and electrocochleogram might predict hearing recovery.Gender and thyroxine levels couldn't predict the hearing prognosis,although there is a high incidence rate in patients with ALHL.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors related to the occurrence of otitis media with effusion (OME) in patients with long-term tracheal intubation. METHOD: This retrospective study included 47 cases with endotracheal intubation more than 7 days (endotracheal intubation group) and 20 cases without mechanically ventilated in the same period(control group). The relationships between secretory otitis media with age, gender, intubation method,duration of intubation, breathing patterns, consciousness, gastric tube position were analysed. RESULT: The study showed 27 out of 47 patients in endotracheal intubation group had OME, 9 cases had negative pressure in the middle ear and 11 patients were normal. No OME was found in control group, and 2 cases with negative pressure in bilateral middle ear were detected. The incidence of OME was significantly increased in patients with the application of ventilator in PEEP mode or nasotracheal tube, and with conscious disturbance or tracheal intubation using for more than 10 days. The presence of OME had a significantly higher rate in patients with nasal intake subjects than the oral intake subjects. The incidence of OME decreased significantly in patients using glucocorticoid. CONCLUSION The incidence of OME increased in patients applied with tracheal intubation for more than 7 days. Ventilator in PEEP mode, nasotracheal tube, and conscious disturbance were closely related with OME. Application of glucocorticoids reduced the incidence of OME.
Ear, Middle ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Otitis Media with Effusion ; Pressure ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To explore the long-term efficacy and safety of triple semicircular canal occlusion (TSCO) in the treatment of intractable Meniere's disease (MD) so as to provide an alternative surgical procedure for treating this disorder.Methods Data from Forty-nine patients,who were referred to our hospital and diagnosed with unilateral MD strictly meeting the criteria issued by Chinese Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Committee (2006) from Dec.2010 to Jul.2012,were retrospectively analyzed in this work.Forty-nine patients,in whom the standardized conservative treatment was given at least one year and frequent vertigo still occurred,received TSCO.Vertigo control and auditory function were measured.Pure tone audiometry,caloric test,and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) were performed for evaluation of audiological and vestibular function.Magnetic resonance hydrograph of inner ear was performed in patients received TSCO after 2 years for the observation of morphology of membranous labyrinth.Postoperative follow-up period was more than 2 years.Results According to the preoperative staging of hearing,among these 49 patients,there were 2 cases in stage Ⅱ (with an average hearing threshold of 25-40 dBHL),40 in stage Ⅲ (41-70 dBHL) and 7 in stage Ⅳ (over 70 dBHL).Vertigo was controlled effectively in all 49 cases in two-year follow-up,of which 40 cases (81.6％) were completely controlled and 9 cases (18.4％) were substantially controlled after surgery.The rate of hearing preservation was 69.4％ and the rate of hearing loss was 30.6％.Post-operatively,all patients suffered from temporary vertigo and balance disorders.Vertigo was disappeared in all patients within 3-5 days,while averagely recovered after 13.5 days.Two years afer treatment,loss of semicircular canal function by caloric test was found in the operation side of all patients and no change in cVEMP test was noted.All patients had no facial paralysis,cerebrospinal fluid leakage,and other complications.Magnetic resonance hydrograph of inner ear showed that endolymph fluid in the position of plugging had no water after 2-years of TSCO.Conclusions TSCO,which can reduce vertiginous symptoms effectively in patients with intractable MD in long-term follow-up,represents an effective and safe therapy for this disorder.TSCO is expected to be used as an alternative procedure for the treatment of MD in selected patients suffering from severe hearing loss or recurrence after endolymphatic sac surgery.