Owing to its inherent advantages—such as being non-destructive, rapid, highly molecule-specific, and minimally interfered with by moisture—Raman spectroscopy has been widely adopted in the fields of skin barrier function assessment, monitoring the transdermal penetration of active cosmetic ingredients, and the identification and quality control of cosmetic products. Despite these strengths, the practical application of this technique faces a significant bottleneck: the strong fluorescence background generated by endogenous skin components and exogenous cosmetic additives. Endogenous skin substances, such as structural proteins (e.g., collagen and elastin), metabolic coenzymes (e.g., nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and pigments (e.g., melanin), together with exogenous cosmetic constituents like organic colorants, chemical sunscreens, and fragrances, often possess strong absorption and emission characteristics. When excited by lasers, these components produce a fluorescence background that can be 10⁶ to 10⁸ times stronger than the Raman scattering signals, effectively masking the inherently weak vibrational fingerprint information. In recent years, driven by the rapid development of optoelectronic hardware and artificial intelligence algorithms, fluorescence suppression strategies have evolved from isolated, single-method approaches into comprehensive, multi-level synergistic systems. These systems are categorized into three distinct tiers: sample preparation, signal acquisition, and data processing. At the sample preparation level, techniques such as photobleaching and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are employed to eliminate or bypass the generation of fluorescence at the source. At the signal acquisition level, instrumental improvements—including the use of long-wavelength near-infrared excitation (typically 785 nm or 1 064 nm), confocal spatial filtering, and shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS)— are utilized to physically isolate Raman signals from the fluorescence background. Furthermore, at the data processing level, numerical baseline correction methods such as polynomial fitting, penalized least squares (e.g., airPLS, arPLS), wavelet transform, and derivative algorithms are increasingly integrated into the analytical pipeline to extract Raman spectral features from mixed signals without increasing hardware costs or acquisition time. This review provides a systematic categorization and critical evaluation of these fluorescence suppression methods, detailing their underlying principles, technical advantages, and inherent limitations in diverse experimental setups. By focusing on critical application scenarios—including skin barrier assessment, percutaneous absorption monitoring, the routine quality control of cosmetics, and the emerging field of portable on-site detection—this paper explores the current state of technique selection and optimization. Finally, the article discusses future development trends, emphasizing the necessity of constructing adaptive, tiered suppression strategies, developing intelligent and automated data processing algorithms, and promoting the integration of portable, multi-modal diagnostic devices. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive technical reference to facilitate the transition of Raman spectroscopy from a specialized laboratory tool into a routine, robust analytical platform for advancements in skin science and cosmetic research.

Adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) refers to any pregnancy outcome other than a normal live birth, mainly including preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, recurrent pregnancy loss, etc., which seriously threaten the health of both the mother and the fetus. Most APOs originate from abnormal uterine endometrial microenvironment before pregnancy. Once a woman confirms pregnancy, intervening in the uterine endometrium at this stage is often too late. The uterine endometrium, as a key site for embryo implantation and development, its abnormal microenvironment can lead to APO. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the relationship between the pre-pregnancy uterine endometrial microenvironment and APO is helpful for clarifying the mechanism of APO occurrence and providing key ideas and methods for early prevention and treatment. This article reviews the latest research on the mechanism of action between uterine endometrial microenvironment and APO, systematically summarizing the research progress and main conclusions in this field from several aspects such as immune imbalance, inflammatory response, abnormal energy metabolism, and senescence of uterine endometrial stromal cells.

Objective:To Investigate the impact of blood glucose fluctuations within 24 hours of admission on the short-term (3-month) prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis.Methods:A total of 416 patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from November 2022 to October 2023 were enrolled as the research subjects. According to whether re-admission occurred within 3 months after discharge, they were divided into good prognosis group ( n=352) and poor prognosis group ( n=64). General data, laboratory indicators, and blood glucose values within 24 hours of admission [including initial blood glucose, 24-hour average blood glucose, maximum blood glucose, minimum blood glucose, standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG), and largest amplitude of glycemic excursion (LAGE)] were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were plotted and the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated, so as to evaluate the predictive efficacy of each indicator for the prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis. Results:Compared with the good prognosis group, the poor prognosis group showed significantly higher levels of initial blood glucose [12.80(7.13, 17.75) mmol/L vs 8.90(6.80, 11.60) mmol/L], maximum blood glucose [16.15(13.45, 21.10) mmol/L vs 11.2(9.10, 14.40) mmol/L], SDBG [4.19(2.47, 5.03) mmol/L vs 1.79(1.15, 2.81) mmol/L], and LAGE [5.15(3.58,7.65) mmol/L vs 4.05(2.40, 5.70) mmol/L], as well as a significantly longer length of hospital stay [10.5(6, 26.75) days vs 9(6, 15) days], with all differences being statistically significant (all P value <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that initial blood glucose ( OR=1.201, 95% CI 1.099-1.313), SDBG ( OR=1.681, 95% CI 1.306-2.164), LAGE ( OR=1.848, 95% CI 1.524-2.240), and length of hospital stay ( OR=1.136, 95% CI 1.082-1.193) were influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis. ROC analysis showed that the AUC values for initial blood glucose, SDBG, LAGE, and length of hospital stay were 0.741(0.676-0.806), 0.794 (0.728-0.860), 0.836(95% CI 0.793-0.879), and 0.847(95% CI 0.807-0.887), respectively, with sensitivities of 80.1%, 91.8%, 60.8%, and 64.8%, and specificities of 56.3%, 56.3%, 93.8%, and 93.8%. Conclusions:Blood glucose fluctuations within 24 hours of admission are risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with acute pancreatitis.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of endothelial activation and stress index(EASIX)for the prognosis of patients with mantle cell lymphoma(MCL).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted to assess prognosis and compare the clinical features of patients diagnosed with MCL who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2010 to June 2023,had therapeutic indications and received standard treatment.Results:A total of 66 patients were included and divided into high EASIX group and low EASIX group,according to a cutoff value of 0.97 determined by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that prealbumin＜0.2 g/L,high EASIX,and ECOG PS score ≥2 were independent risk factors influencing overall survival(OS)in MCL patients.The median OS of patients in the high and low EASIX group was 13.0 and 37.5 months,and the median progression-free survival was 8.8 and 26.0 months,respectively.The proportions of patients with ECOG PS score ≥2 and prealbumin＜0.2 g/L at onset significantly increased in the high EASIX group compared to those in the low EASIX group.Conclusion:At the time of initial diagnosis,EASIX can serve as an independent prognostic indicator impacting OS in patients with MCL.Furthermore,patients in the high EASIX group experience a poorer prognosis and shorter survival duration compared with those in the low EASIX group.

Enamel demineralization, the formation of white spot lesions, is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment. The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties. This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment, advocating for proactive prevention, early detection, timely treatment, scientific follow-up, and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process, thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Caries/etiology* ; Dental Enamel/pathology* ; Tooth Demineralization/etiology* ; Tooth Remineralization

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the patterns of fasting blood glucose (FBG) trajectories and analyze the relationship between various occupational hazard factors and FBG trajectories in male steelworkers. METHODS: The study cohort included 3,728 workers who met the selection criteria for the Tanggang Occupational Cohort (TGOC) between 2017 and 2022. A group-based trajectory model was used to identify the FBG trajectories. Environmental risk scores (ERS) were constructed using regression coefficients from the occupational hazard model as weights. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the effects of occupational hazard factors using the ERS on FBG trajectories. RESULTS: FBG trajectories were categorized into three groups. An association was observed between high temperature, noise exposure, and FBG trajectory ( P < 0.05). Using the first quartile group of ERS1 as a reference, the fourth quartile group of ERS1 had an increased risk of medium and high FBG by 1.90 and 2.21 times, respectively (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.90, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.17-3.10; OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.09-4.45). CONCLUSION An association was observed between occupational hazards based on ERS and FBG trajectories. The risk of FBG trajectory levels increase with an increase in ERS.
Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Blood Glucose/analysis* ; China ; Prospective Studies ; Occupational Exposure/adverse effects* ; Risk Factors ; Middle Aged ; Steel ; Fasting/blood* ; Metal Workers ; East Asian People

BACKGROUND:The proliferation and phenotypic maintenance of chondrocytes are limited under two-dimensional culture conditions.Porous microspheres serve as scaffolds,providing a three-dimensional culture environment that better mimics in vivo growth conditions.Stromal cell derived factor-1,a homeostatic cytokine with potent chemotactic effects,facilitates cell adhesion and proliferation.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the impact of stromal cell derived factor-1 grafted poly-L-lactic acid porous microspheres on the biological characteristics of chondrocytes and the formation of cartilage tissue.METHODS:(1)The effects of different concentrations of stromal cell derived factor-1 on rabbit chondrocyte proliferation,migration,and phenotypic maintenance were investigated in an in vitro setting.(2)Poly-L-lactic acid porous microspheres were prepared by double emulsion method.Stromal cell derived factor-1 was grafted onto poly-L-lactic acid porous microspheres through carbodiimide reaction.The grafting was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and incubation with stromal cell derived factor-1-specific fluorescent antibodies.(3)Rabbit chondrocytes were inoculated on poly-L-lactic acid porous microspheres and grafted on stromal cell derived factor-1 poly-L-lactic acid porous microspheres to detect cell proliferation and adhesion.(4)The methylacrylamide-gelatin-chondrocyte complex(control group),poly-L-lactic acid porous microsphere-methylacrylamide-gelatin-chondrocyte complex(porous microsphere group),and grafted stromal cell derived factor-1 poly-L-lactic acid porous microsphere-methylacrylamide-gelatin-chondrocyte complex(porous microsphere modified group)were implanted under the skin of the back of nude mice,respectively.Samples were collected 8 weeks later and detected using histological staining and qRT-PCR for chondroblast related genes.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with 0 and 1 000 ng/mL stromal cell derived factor-1,1 and 500 ng/mL stromal cell derived factor 1 could promote the proliferation and migration of chondrocytes,and enhance the mRNA expression levels of type Ⅱ collagen,elastin,proliferating cell nuclear antigen,and Bcl-2 in chondrocytes.(2)Stromal cell derived factor-1 was successfully grafted onto poly-L-lactic acid porous microspheres with a grafting rate of 93.75%.(3)Compared with poly-L-lactic acid porous microspheres,grafted stromal cell derived factor-1 poly-L-lactic acid porous microspheres promoted the proliferation and adhesion of chondrocytes.(4)After 8 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in nude mice,compared with the control group and the porous microsphere group,the porous microsphere modified group had clearer cartilage lacunae structure,more chondro-specific matrix and type Ⅱ collagen deposition,and increased expression of elastin,type Ⅱ collagen,proliferating cell nuclear antigen,and Bcl-2 mRNA.These findings indicate that stromal cell derived factor-1 grafted poly-L-lactic acid porous microspheres are beneficial to chondrocyte adhesion,proliferation,phenotypic maintenance,and the formation of cartilage tissue in vivo.

Adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) refers to any pregnancy outcome other than a normal live birth, mainly including preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, recurrent pregnancy loss, etc., which seriously threaten the health of both the mother and the fetus. Most APOs originate from abnormal uterine endometrial microenvironment before pregnancy. Once a woman confirms pregnancy, intervening in the uterine endometrium at this stage is often too late. The uterine endometrium, as a key site for embryo implantation and development, its abnormal microenvironment can lead to APO. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the relationship between the pre-pregnancy uterine endometrial microenvironment and APO is helpful for clarifying the mechanism of APO occurrence and providing key ideas and methods for early prevention and treatment. This article reviews the latest research on the mechanism of action between uterine endometrial microenvironment and APO, systematically summarizing the research progress and main conclusions in this field from several aspects such as immune imbalance, inflammatory response, abnormal energy metabolism, and senescence of uterine endometrial stromal cells.

Cervical spinal cord injury without fracture-dislocation (CSCIWFD) is referred to as a special type of cervical spinal cord injury characterized by traumatic spinal cord dysfunction and no significant bony structural abnormalities on imagines. Duo to the high risk of missed diagnosis during the initial consultation, CSCIWFD may lead to progressive neurological deterioration or even complete paralysis, severely impacting patients′ prognosis. Currently, there are no established consensuses over the diagnosis and treatment of CSCIWFD, such as the lack of evidence-based standards for indications of non-surgical treatment and risk of secondary neurological injury, as well as debates over the optimal timing for surgical intervention and indications for different surgical approaches. To address these issues, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized experts in the relevant fields to formulate Diagnosis and treatment guideline for acute cervical spinal cord injury without fracture- dislocation in adults ( version 2025) . Based on evidence-based medicine and the principles of scientific rigor and clinical applicability, the guidelines proposed 11 recommendations covering terminology, diagnosis, evaluation treatment, and rehabilitation, etc., aiming to standardize the management of CSCIWFD.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.