OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the relationships of white blood cell (WBC) count, platelet (PLT) count, and PLT-to-WBC ratio (PWR) with muscle mass in Chinese older adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis involved 4,033 Chinese older adults aged ≥ 65 years from the Healthy Ageing and Biomarkers Cohort Study. Muscle mass and total skeletal muscle mass index (TSMI) were measured by bioelectric impedance analysis. WBC, PLT, and PWR were measured using standard methods. Multivariate linear regression was used to examine the associations of WBC count, PLT count, and PWR with TSMI. RESULTS: High WBC count, PLT count, and PWR were associated with low TSMI, with coefficients of -0.0091 (95% confidence interval [ CI]: -0.0142 to -0.0041), -0.0119 (95% CI: -0.0170 to -0.0068), and -0.0051 (95% CI: -0.0102 to -0.0001). The associations between the three inflammatory indices and TSMI were linear. Stratified analyses indicated that the relationship between inflammatory markers and TSMI was more evident in male participants and in individuals aged < 80 years than in their counterparts. CONCLUSION Elevated WBC count, PLT count, and PWR correlated with muscle mass loss. This study highlights the importance of regular monitoring of inflammatory markers as a potential strategy for the screening and management of sarcopenia in older adults.
Humans ; Aged ; Male ; Female ; China ; Leukocyte Count ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Platelet Count ; Aged, 80 and over ; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology* ; Independent Living ; Blood Platelets ; Leukocytes ; Sarcopenia

In recent years,significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease.In line with global advancements,two anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies have been approved and successfully launched in China for clinical use.Lecanemab and Donanemab were officially used in June 2024 and April 2025 in China,respectively.In order to standardize the rational and safe application of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibodies for Alzheimer's disease in China,this article integrates recom-mendations from the clinical trials and real-world experience from the author's team and domestic peers to further update the recom-mendations for the clinical use of anti-amyloid-β monoclonal antibody based on the 2024 version.It includes indications for therapy,pre-treatment evaluation and preparation,administration protocols and safety measures during treatment,and post-treatment monitor-ing strategies.

OBJECTIVE To explore the early detection of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome(LVAS)in children by applying several audiological indicators.METHODS Ninety-two children with hearing loss(aged 1-70 months)were enrolled and divided into an LVAS group(45 cases)and a control group(47 cases).Eleven audiological indicators were statistically analyzed:lateral of hearing loss,the degree of hearing loss,configuration of hearing loss;ABR air-conduction threshold;ABR air-bone gap;ASSR average threshold;ASSR thresholds at 0.5,1,2,and 4 kHz;and tympanogram type.Indicators showing significant two-group differences were used to construct a visualized multifactorial linear prediction model using the R language.RESULTS Nine indicators demonstrated statistically significant differences between groups(P<0.05):laterality,configuration of hearing loss,ABR air-conduction threshold,ASSR average threshold,ASSR thresholds at all frequencies(0.5,1,2,4 kHz),and tympanogram type.A prediction model was established.When the total model score ranged between 200 and 240 points,the predicted LVAS risk probability was 0.1 to 0.99.The consistency index(C-index)was 0.85,indicating good predictive ability of the model.CONCLUSION The identified nine audiological indicators are valuable for the early detection of LVAS in children.The developed model can estimate LVAS risk.After refinement,this model holds potential to support early clinical diagnosis and intervention.

Microplastics are widely present in various environments such as water bodies,land,and atmosphere,which pose threats to the ecological environment and human health through transmission and accumulation in the food chain.The existing detection techniques for microplastics face challenges such as complex preparation procedure of samples,low efficiency in processing large batches of samples,and difficulties in handling complex samples.Therefore,there is an urgent need for rapid and efficient detection techniques suitable for complex microplastics samples in the field of environmental monitoring.Raman spectroscopy,known for its advantages such as rapidity,accuracy,high sensitivity,non-destructiveness,and non-contact,demonstrates great application potential in detection of microplastics.Deep learning,an artificial intelligence method known for its large-scale data processing,nonlinear modeling and automatic feature extraction capabilities,is receiving increasing attention in the analysis of Raman spectroscopy signals.The application of deep learning-based Raman spectroscopy has significantly improved performance indicators such as detection efficiency and accuracy.This article introduced the existing Raman enhancement techniques,summarized the deep learning methods applied in Raman spectroscopy signal analysis,reviewed the recent research and application progress of deep learning-based Raman spectroscopy in detection of microplastics,and finally discussed the challenges and future prospects of deep learning-based Raman spectroscopy in detection of microplastics.

Chrysophanol(Chr)and physcion(Phy)are primary active ingredients of a well-known traditional Chinese medicine namely rhubarb(Chinese name:Dahuang),and their glucuronides have been revealed as the dominant forms presenting in rats after oral administration.Either Chr or Phy has two glycosylation sites,resulting in a pair of positional isomers for glucuronides of either compound(CG1&CG2 and PG1&PG2).To confirmatively identify these glucuronides,energy-resolved mass spectrometry(ER-MS)was used to pursue the fragmentation trajectories of the targeted fragment ions,and the resultant breakdown graphs that were described by the optimal collision energy(OCE)were expected to exhibit the differences of glycosidic bond cleavage between the isomers.Quantum chemical calculation was thereafter conducted to produce the bond dissociation energy(BDE)of the glycosidic bonds.The isomers were unambiguously identified through applying the positive correlation rule between OCE and BDE.Fortunately,the glucuronides of Chr and Phy in vivo were observed through liver microsomes incubationin vitro.ER-MS was utilized to collect the Gaussian-shaped breakdown graphs in response to the neutral loss of 176 Da,and the absolute values of OCE were compared between positional isomers.The results revealed that CG1(-32.31 eV)>CG2(-31.61 eV),and nonetheless,PG1(-30.00 eV)Chr-8-GluA(-48.787 kJ/mol),and nonetheless,Phy-1-GluA(-48.672 kJ/mol)

Objective To investigate the effects of auricular point seed-pressing and earpoint scraping on sleep quality,sleep structure index and neurotransmitter in patients with sleep disorders in neurology department.Methods A total of 110 patients with sleep disorders treated in the Department of Neurology at Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from June 2022 to June 2024 were selected as the study subjects.The patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table,with 55 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Estazolam Tablets,while the observation group received auricular point seed-pressing therapy combined with ear scraping therapy.The treatment course lasted for 4 weeks.After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated.Changes in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scores were observed before and after treatment,as well as sleep structure indicators,including total sleep time(TST),sleep latency(SL),arousal index(AI),non-rapid eye movement sleep time(NREM)[light sleep stage(S1),light to moderate sleep stage(S2),moderate sleep stage(S3),deep sleep stage(S4)],actual sleep time(AST),sleep efficiency(SE),and rapid eye movement sleep time(REM).The serum levels of norepinephrine(NE),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT),and gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)were compared before and after treatment,as well as changes in the Quality of Life Scale(SF-36)scores.The safety and incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups were also evaluated.Results(1)The total effective rate in the observation group was 96.61%(53/55),while it was 81.82%(45/55)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the PSQI scores of both groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),and the observation group showed significantly better improvement in PSQI scores compared to the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the sleep structure indicators in the observation group,including TST,SL,AI,S1,S2,S3,S4,AST,SE,and REM,were significantly improved,and the differences were statistically significant compared to the control group(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the serum levels of NE,5-HT,and GABA in both groups were significantly improved,and the observation group showed significantly better improvement in these levels compared to the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).(5)After treatment,the SF-36 scores of both groups were significantly improved,and the observation group showed significantly better improvement in SF-36 scores compared to the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).(6)The total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 0.00%(0/55),while it was 10.91%(6/55)in the control group.The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion Auricular point seed-pressing therapy combined with ear scraping therapy for the treatment of sleep disorders at the Department of Neurology can significantly improve patients'sleep quality,enhance sleep structure-related indicators,regulate neurotransmitter levels,thereby improving patients'quality of life with high safety and efficacy.

Objective Melatonin has been shown to have neuroprotective effects.This study is aimed at observing the effects of copper deposition on cognitive function in a toxic milk(TX)mouse model of Wilson disease(WD),and investigating the effects and mechanisms of action of Gandou Bushen Decoction(GDBSD)on melatonin synthesis and pineal function in the WD model mice.Methods A total of 30 homozygous TX mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups(n=10 in each group),including a WD group,a GDBSD group,and a dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA)group.A total of 10 DL mice were included in the normal control(NC)group.The structure and copper content of pineal gland tissues,oxidative stress and apoptosis-related markers,and serum melatonin levels were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),flow cytometry,and Western blot.Results Compared with the NC group,the WD group exhibited decreased learning and cognitive abilities(P＜0.05),damaged pineal gland structure,increased copper content,reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,and mitochondrial damage rate in the pineal gland(P＜0.01),altered levels of melatonin and oxidative stress-related markers(P＜0.05),upregulated expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase-3,and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2(P＜0.01).After treatment with GDBSD and DMSA,the SIRT3/FOXO3α signaling pathway was activated,the copper content in the pineal gland was reduced,and oxidative stress and apoptosis-related damages were improved,leading to an improvement in learning and memory abilities(P＜0.05).Conclusion GDBSD can alleviate cognitive impairments in WD mice caused by pineal gland copper deposition by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis in the pineal gland.The underlying molecular mechanism is associated with the regulation of the SIRT3/FOXO3α signaling pathway.

Obesity and overweight remain major global public health challenges.In this paper,we examine current applications of digital nutrition technologies in weight management using the scoping review framework of Arksey and O'Malley.Visual recognition technologies have evolved from early-stage food image recognition into more advanced systems,although the vast diversity of food types continues to pose challenges for accuracy and generalizability.The combination of wearable devices and non-wearable sensors has increased the diversity of collected data and improved user comfort.Data integration and analysis tools,such as digital virtual twins,support personalized interventions by integrating multidimensional data.In addition,emerging applications have demonstrated encouraging clinical outcomes.However,existing studies have limitations,such as small sample sizes,high levels of information bias,and low evidence quality.Barriers,such as limited accessibility and high initial costs,further constrain the scalability of digital nutrition tools.Future studies should focus on expanding sample sizes,improving population diversity,and developing effective assessment methods and adjustments for specific target populations.Privacy and data security concerns must also be addressed to ensure safe implementation.Overall,digital nutrition technologies offer a promising approach to weight management,but continuous efforts in research and cost reduction are needed to fully realize their potential in weight management and to promote health for all.

Objective To investigate the application value of peripheral blood soluble human leukocyte antigen-G(sHLA-G)combined with immune cytokines in the differential diagnosis of renal transplant rejection.Methods This case-control study retrospectively analyzed 81 renal transplant patients hospitalized in the Department of Organ Transplantation,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from April 2020 to December 2023,due to elevated serum creatinine.Among them,32 patients were diagnosed with acute rejection(acute rejection group),29 with chronic rejection(chronic rejection group),and 20 with elevated creatinine due to non-rejection causes(non-rejection group).Fifty renal transplant inpatients and outpatients with normal and stable serum creatinine were selected as control group during the same period.Clinical data such as gender,age,serum creatinine,estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),and urine protein positive rate,etc.were collected.Peripheral blood of patients was sampled to measure the levels of plasma sHLA-G and immune cytokines[interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-β(TNF-β),interleukin(IL)-2,IL-4,IL-10,IL-5,IL-6,IL-17]using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Stratify and compare the differences in sHLA-G levels among different groups and all renal transplant inpatients by gender.Results Compared with control group,serum creatinine levels and urine protein positive rate were significantly higher in acute rejection group,chronic rejection group,and non-rejection group,while eGFR was significantly lower,serum creatinine levels in chronic rejection group and non-rejection group were higher than those in acute rejection group,while eGFR was lower than that in acute rejection group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences were observed in gender,age,blood type,body mass index,transplantation duration,and immunosuppressive agent use among acute rejection,chronic rejection,non-rejection,and control groups(P>0.05).Plasma sHLA-G levels in acute rejection and chronic rejection groups were significantly lower than those in control group[(19.665±11.233)U/ml vs.(24.785±21.668)U/ml vs.(44.918±39.898)U/ml,P<0.05].The sHLA-G/IL-2 ratio in chronic rejection group was significantly higher than that in acute rejection group(5.844±6.248 vs.1.825±1.574,P<0.05),and the sHLA-G/IFN-γ ratio in non-rejection group was significantly higher than that in chronic rejection group(3.452±3.283 vs.1.543±2.030,P<0.05).Among 131 renal transplant inpatients,female sHLA-G levels were significantly higher than male(P<0.05).Within each group,female sHLA-G levels in chronic rejection group were significantly higher than male(P<0.05).Although female sHLA-G levels in acute rejection,non-rejection,and control groups were higher than those of male,the gender difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions Peripheral blood sHLA-G levels are correlated with renal transplantation rejection.The application of sHLA-G/IL-2 and sHLA-G/IFN-γ ratios has potential value in the diagnosis and differentiation of elevated creatinine caused by acute/chronic rejection,chronic rejection and non-rejection causes,respectively.

The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway(CAP)is a neuroimmunoregulatory pathway that has attracted much attention in recent years.This pathway releases acetylcholine(ACh)by activating the vagus nerve.The binding of ACh to α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor receptors on the surface of macrophages can inhibit the release of proinflammatory factors,so as to effectively regulate the inflammatory response in the body.CAP plays a key role in suppressing excessive inflammatory responses and maintaining immune balance,providing a potential therapeutic pathway for a variety of inflammatory immune diseases.Research progress on the physiological function of CAP and its activation and blocking methods are reviewed in this paper,in order to provide new methods and ideas for treatment of inflammation-related diseases and exploring therapeutic drugs targeting CAP pathway.