This study aims to explore the mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction(HJD) in treating acute liver injury(ALI) in the mouse model of sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Fifty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into six groups: blank group, model group, low-, medium-, and high-dose group HJD, and dexamethasone group. The mouse model of sepsis was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS after 7 days of gavage with HJD, and dexamethasone(0.2 mL) was injected intraperitoneally 1.5 h after modeling. The murine sepsis score(MSS) was recorded 12 h after modeling. The levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) in the liver tissue and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in the serum were measured by ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the mouse liver. The content of light chain 3 of microtubule-associated protein 1(LC3) was detected by immunofluorescence, and that of sirtuin 1(SIRT1) was detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA levels of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK), LC3, and P62 were detected by RT-PCR. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of AMPK, p-AMPK, and SIRT1 in the liver tissue. The results showed that compared with model group, drug interventions decreased the MSS and liver injury indicators, lowered the levels of inflammatory cytokines, improved the liver tissue structure, upregulated the protein levels of of p-AMPK/AMPK and SIRT1 and the mRNA levels of AMPK and LC3, and downregulated the mRNA level of P62. To sum up, HJD can regulate the autophagy level and reduce inflammation to ameliorate acute liver injury in septic mice by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 autophagy pathway.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Sirtuin 1/genetics* ; Male ; Mice ; Sepsis/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Autophagy/drug effects* ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Humans ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics*

Objective To investigate the impact of propofol(Pro)on high glucose(HG)-induced myocardial cell injury through autophagy mediated by forkhead box O1(Fox O1)/thioredoxininteracting protein(TXNIP)signaling pathway.Methods H9c2 cells were divided into blank group(5.5 mmol·L-1 glucose),high glucose(HG)group(30 mmol·L-1 glucose),HG+Pro group(30 mmol·L-1 glucose+25 μmol·L-1 Pro),HG+Pro+negative control(OE NC)group(first transfected with OE NC,then treated with 30 mmol·L-1 glucose+25 μmol·L-1 Pro),HG+Pro+Fox O1 overexpression plasmid(Fox O1-OE)group(first transfected with Fox O1-OE,then treated with 30 mmol·L-1 glucose+25 μmol·L-1 Pro).Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method,TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)method,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),transmission electron microscope and Western blot were applied to detect the cell survival rate,apoptosis rate,superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the supernatant,and the changes in Autophagosome,Fox O1/TXNIP and autophagy protein expression levels.Results The cell viabilities of blank group,HG group,HG+Pro group,HG+Pro+OE NC group and HG+Pro+Fox O1-OE group were(100.00±0.00)％,(48.15±4.82)％,(79.66±7.98)％,(78.89±7.91)％and(49.22±4.93)％,respectively;the apoptosis rates were(12.04±1.21)％,(42.34±4.25)％,(26.22±2.63)％,(27.02±2.71)％,(38.29±3.86)％,respectively;SOD levels were(62.24±6.25),(28.21±2.85),(55.37±5.58),(55.09±5.53),(30.66±3.08)U·mg-1 pro,respectively;MDA levels were(0.38±0.04),(1.43±0.15),(0.67±0.07),(0.72±0.08)and(1.34±0.14)U·mg-1 pro,respectively;the number of autophagosomes was 6.24±0.63,13.05±1.32,8.31±0.84,8.55±0.86 and 12.22±1.23,respectively;phosphorylated Fox O1(p-Fox O1)/Fox O1 ratios were expressed as 0.34±0.04,0.86±0.09,0.48±0.05,0.43±0.05 and 0.74±0.08;TXNIP were expressed as 0.24±0.03,0.62±0.08,0.38±0.04,0.36±0.04 and 0.58±0.06;Bcelin-1 were expressed as 1.12±0.12,0.53±0.06,1.02±0.11,1.05±0.11 and 0.62±0.07;p62 were expressed as 0.56±0.06,1.56±0.16,0.82±0.09,0.86±0.09 and 1.44±0.15;there were statistical differences in the above indexes between HG group and blank group,HG+Pro group and HG group,HG+Pro+Fox O1-OE group and HG+Pro+OE NC group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Pro inhibits autophagy by inhibiting Fox O1/TXNIP signaling pathway,and improves HG-induced myocardial cell injury.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy evaluation of the combined application of bandage contact lens after pterygium excision surgery by Meta-analysis.

METHODS: Randomized controlled clinical studies on combined application of corneal bandage contact lens after pterygium excision were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, VIP, CNKI and other databases from May 2014 to May 2020. Data were extracted and Meta-analysis was performed.

RESULTS:Totally 11 randomized controlled clinical studies were included, including 10 in Chinese and 1 in English, with 864 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that 1d postoperative \〖MD= -1.57, 95%CI=(-1.72, -1.41), P<0.00001\〗, 2d postoperative \〖MD= -1.35, 95%CI=(-1.59, -1.11), P<0.00001\〗, 7d postoperative \〖MD= -0.64, 95%CI=(-0.78, -0.50), P<0.00001\〗 combined application of corneal bandage contact lens can better reduce the degree of ocular pain in patients; And 1d postoperative \〖MD= -1.23, 95%CI=(-1.51, -0.95), P<0.00001\〗, 7d postoperative\〖MD= -0.44, 95%CI=(-0.50, -0.39), P<0.00001\〗 combined application of corneal bandage contact lens can better promote the condition of corneal epithelium.

CONCLUSION:The bandage contact lens could markedly release pain response after pterygium excision surgery, promote corneal epithelium recovery, which is beneficial to reduce the symptoms of clinical discomfort.

Radix Astragali (RA), a traditional Chinese medicine from the dried root of Astragalus species, is widely distributed throughout the temperate regions of the world. The major bioactive constituents of RA are triterpene glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids, and these compounds mostly exert pharmacological activities on the cardiovascular, immune, respiratory, and hepatic systems. This review summarizes the recent studies on RA and provides a comprehensive summary regarding the status of resources, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, clinical application, and patent release of RA. We hope this review can provide a guidance for further development of therapeutic agents from RA.

Objective To explore associations between short-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and hospital outpatient visits. Methods Daily outpatient visit data were obtained from 5 hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, the three major cities in China.The study period was from 2013 to 2015.The causes of disease were determined in accordance to the International Classification of Disease 10th version, with the codes A00-R99.Daily air pollution data were from the nearest state-controlled environmental monitoring stations.City-level environmental factors were acquired, including temperature and relative humidity.A time-series generalized additive model (GAM) was adopted to explore the effect of daily NO₂ exposure on hospital outpatient visits, after controlling the time trends, day of week (DOW), holiday, and environmental factors.Then a random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool the results across cities.We also explored the lag structure, two-pollutant models, and potential seasonal effect. Results During the study period, the average daily outpatient visits were 3 949.The average NO₂ exposure level was 55.3 μg/m³.The lag analysis showed that NO₂ exposure had the greatest effect on outpatient visits every day. For a 10 μg/m³ increase in NO₂, outpatient visits remarkably increased by 0.85% (95%CI:0.51%-1.19%).The associations of NO₂ remained robust after controlling co-pollutants, including fine particulate matter, ozone, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide.The effects of NO₂ were more in cool seasons, and the exposure-response curves between NO₂ and outpatient visits were nearly linear. Conclusions Short-term exposure to NO₂ increases the risk of hospital outpatient visits in major cities, suggesting a need to further lower exposure levels of NO₂ in China.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the safety and efficacy of decitabine combined with CAG regimen in the treat-ment of newly diagnosed elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML).

METHODSFourty-nine patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (except M3) who were admitted to our hospital were selected. All the patients were older than 50 years old, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could not be performed for various reasons. Decitabine-based chemotherapy regimens were used during induction therapy including single decitabine therapy(DAC), decitabine combined with CAG regimen(DAC-CAG) and decitabine combined with HAAG regimen(DAC-HAAG). Most of patients continued to use the original treatment after complete remission, while others were given the standard "3+7" regimen chemotherapy. A total of 2-4 courses of treatment was conducted in the majority of patients.

RESULTSAll of the 49 patients completed the induction therapy, in which 26 cases achieved complete remission(CR), 7 cases achieved partial remission(PR) and no response(NR) existed in 16 cases. The complete remission and the overall response rate(ORR) were 53% and 67% respectively. The overall response rate of DAC group, DAC-CAG group and DAC-HAAG group were 17%, 77% and 63% respectively. 14 patients were infected and 1 patients died of pulmonary infection during the induction therapy. The median number of suspended red blood cells and platelet infused were 9 units and 69 units respectively. Neutrophil recovery time was 15.1 days while the platelet recovery time was 20.1 days during the induction therapy. The mean follow-up time was 21 months. Overall survival(OS) was 75% at 6 months, 30% at 1 year, and 26% at 2 year, while disease-free survival(DFS) was 83% at 3 months, 54% at 1 year, and 47% at 2 year. The induction therapy could reach CR that was an independent prognostic factor, however, the initial white blood cell count, platelet count, age, chemotherapy regimen, prognostic stratification and whether complical by pnenmonia during chemotherapy were not independent prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONThe induction efficacy of decitabine combined with chemotherapy is superior to that of decitabine alone. The outcome of induction chemotherapy is an independent prognostic factor, however, the high white blood cell count, poor karyotype, complications and AML with myelodysplasia-related changes do not affect long-term survival. DAC-CAG regimen is effective and have relatively few adverse reactions in AML. It is suitable for the patients who are ineligible for conventional chemotherapy.

Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Azacitidine ; analogs & derivatives ; Cytarabine ; Decitabine ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Middle Aged ; Remission Induction ; Treatment Outcome

Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic., a folk herbal medicine in China, is a flowering plant belonging to Abelmoschus L. genus and Malvaceae family, which has been reported with an antidepressant activity. The study was designed to isolate flavonoids from Abelmoschus manihot corolla and explore the action mechanism of antidepressant activities. The flavonoids were isolated and purified by D101 macroporous resin column, polyamide column and Sephadex LH-20 sequentially and identified as myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (1), gossypetin-8-O-β-D-glucuronide (2, G-8-G), gossypetin-3'-O-β-D-glucoside (3), quercetin-3'-glucoside (4, Q-3-G), isoquercitrin (5, IQT), hyperoside (6, HY), myricetin (7), quercetin (8, QT). Compounds 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8 (15, 30 and 60 mg·kg^-1) were orally administered to mice and the reaction was observed in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). Western blot analysis was used in determination of the protein expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) and phosphorylation eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (p-eEF2). The results revealed that only Q-3-G and G-8-G (15, 30, 60 mg·kg^-1) significantly reduced the immobility time in FST and TST. Furthermore, Q-3-G and G-8-G remarkably increased the expression of BDNF and TrkB, and decreased the expression of p-eEF2. These results suggest that Q-3-G and G-8-G had an obvious antidepressant activity via up-regulation of BDNF expression. The new observation will provide a new direction in the development of antidepressant in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture on behaviors and its mechanism of action in a SAMP8 mouse model of Alzheimer disease.Methods Sixty 6-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomized to acupuncture,model and non--acupoint groups.Twenty male SAMP 1 mice of the same age constituted a normal control group.The acupuncture group received intervention by acupuncture at Shenshu,Baihui,Xuehai and Geshu.After eight weeks,a behavioral test was performed using the Morris water maze in every group of mice.The expressions of Flotillin-1,NEP and Aβ42 in mouse hippocampus were determined by western blot.Results The Morris water maze test showed that as compared with the model group,escape latency shortened significantly (P＜0.05) and the time spent in the former platform quadrant and the number of former platform position crossings increased (P＜0.05) in the acupuncture group of mice;escape latency,the time spent in the former platform quadrant and the number of former platform position crossings had no significant differences in the non-meridian-acupoint group of mice (all P＞0.05).As compared with the model group,Flotillin-1 expression decreased significantly in the acupuncture group (P＜0.05) but had no significant difference in the non-meridian-acupoint group (P＞0.05);NEP expression increased significantly in the acupuncture group (P＜0.05) but had no significant difference in the non-meridian-acupoint group (P＞0.05);Aβ42 expression decreased significantly in the acupuncture group (P＜ 0.05) but had no significant difference in the non-meridian-acupoint group (P＞0.05).Conclusions Acupuncture can markedly improve learning and memory abilities in a SAMP8 mouse model of AD and reduce Flotillin-1 content and upregulate NEP expression in SAMP8 mouse hippocampus to decrease Aβ42 expression,relieve neurotoxicity and produce a neuroprotective effect.

Objective To study the distribution and properly of the transparent globules within Hensen cells (HC) of guinea -pig Corti organ .Methods The cochlear epithelial cells were isolated from 10 guinea pigs .The cells of cochlea were marked by Bodipy493/503 ,sudan III ,oil red O ,and osmium tetroxide .Results The transpar‐ent globules within the HCs of the guinea -pigs were green staining by Bodipy493/503 ,jacinth staining by Sudan III ,ruby red by oil red O .And they were black globules stripe as post -fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide .Conclusion The results indicate that the transparent globules within guinea -pigs HCs'lipid droplets by four methods .

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficiency of three different estrogen receptor (ER) immunostaining scoring systems by analyzing the correlation between ER status and clinicopathologic features for prediction of prognosis of patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC).

METHODSER immunostaining (EnVision method) was performed in 160 type I EC and 39 type II EC paraffin samples and was scored by ASCO/CAP criterion, H-Score and Allred scoring system. Correlation between ER status and clinicopathologic features was statistically analyzed.

RESULTSASCO/CAP criterion, H-Score and Allred (cutoff point: 4-8) scoring system showed high concordance in the following aspects. In EC patients, ER status was significantly associated with presurgical CA125 levels (P = 0.015, P = 0.007, P = 0.023), histologic grades (all P < 0.01) and PR status (all P < 0.01). In type I EC cohort, ER status was significantly correlated with PR status (P = 0.008, P < 0.01, P < 0.01) and p53 status (P = 0.042, P = 0.001, P < 0.01). As of the predictive value of ER status for type I EC patient age, ASCO/CAP (P = 0.027) and H-Score criteria (P = 0.035) were both superior to Allred score system (P = 0.064). Among well-known predictive clinicopathologic parameters, including FIGO stage, lympho-vascular involvement, lymph node metastasis, depth of myometrial invasion and omental involvement, ASCO/CAP scoring offered a better correlation (P = 0.005, P = 0.002, P = 0.021, P = 0.067, and P = 0.067, respectively) than H-Score (P > 0.05) and Allred scoring system (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCompared with H-Score and Allred scoring system, ASCO/CAP criterion is more closely correlated with predictive clinicopathologic parameters. Therefore it may be used as a simple, highly efficient prognostic indicator for EC patients in routine practice.

CA-125 Antigen ; metabolism ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism