ObjectiveThe malaria parasites remodel the host erythrocyte structure by exporting parasite proteins that interact with the membrane skeleton proteins of red blood cells (RBCs), facilitating their intracellular survival and pathogenicity. Skeleton-binding protein 1 (SBP1) is a conserved exported protein across Plasmodium species. In Plasmodium falciparum, SBP1 has been reported to interact with erythrocyte membrane skeleton proteins 4.1R and spectrin, while its contribution to erythrocyte remodeling and parasite virulence in Plasmodium berghei (Pb) remains unclear. This study aims to determine whether PbSBP1 associates with the host cytoskeletal protein 4.1R and to investigate its role in the remodeling of host RBCs and the pathogenicity of Plasmodium berghei. MethodsIn Plasmodium berghei, the relationship between PbSBP1 and the erythrocyte cytoskeletal protein 4.1R was examined using co-immunoprecipitation. A Pbsbp1 gene knockout mutant of Plasmodium berghei (Pbsbp1∆) was generated based on the principle of double crossover homologous recombination. The deformability of erythrocytes infected with Pbsbp1∆ parasites was assessed using microfluidic methods. Microchannels with an array of cylindrical pillars were used to detect modifications in infected RBC deformability. The infected RBCs were squashed between the rows and recovered between the columns and the transit velocity (μm/s) of infected RBCs travelling through the microchannel was recorded. The component of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton junctional complex, tropomodulin (TMOD), was fluorescently labeled, and the cytoskeletal network of infected erythrocytes was imaged using super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) to analyze ultrastructural changes in the cytoskeleton of wild-type (WT) and Pbsbp1∆-infected erythrocytes. Actin-based junctional complexes were displayed as individual clusters by the labeled TMOD in the STORM images, and the cluster densities and distances between adjacent clusters of infected RBCs were calculated. Additionally, rodent malaria models (BALB/c mice) and experimental cerebral malaria models (C57BL/6 mice) were employed to monitor the growth of Pbsbp1∆ and WT parasites during the intraerythrocytic stage and their capacity to induce cerebral malaria in mice. ResultsPbSBP1 may participate in the remodeling of infected erythrocytes through direct or indirect interaction with the erythrocyte cytoskeletal protein 4.1R. Microfluidic assays revealed that the deformability of erythrocytes infected with Pbsbp1∆ parasites was significantly enhanced compared to those infected with WT parasites. STORM imaging further demonstrated that the ultrastructure of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton in Pbsbp1∆-infected cells was altered relative to that in WT-infected erythrocytes. The distances between nearest neighbors of clusters had a tendency to increase while the cluster densities were decreased in Pbsbp1∆-infected RBCs compared to WT-infected RBCs. Subsequent phenotypic analysis indicated that the growth rate of Pbsbp1∆ parasites during the intraerythrocytic stage was significantly slower than that of WT parasites, and their ability to induce cerebral malaria in mice was also attenuated. These findings suggest that PbSBP1 is involved in the remodeling of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton, likely through its direct or indirect interaction with protein 4.1R, thereby regulating the deformability of infected erythrocytes and influencing the pathogenicity of the blood-stage parasites. ConclusionThis study establishes a role for PbSBP1 in host erythrocyte remodeling and parasite virulence, providing new research strategies for the prevention and treatment of malaria.

ObjectiveTo investigate the T lymphocyte subset levels and viral loads in newly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-confirmed positive cases in Suzhou (2021‒2024), and to analyze potential influencing factors by integrating their demographic characteristics, immune status, and viral replication patterns, thereby providing evidence for HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention and control. MethodsPeripheral whole blood samples were collected from newly confirmed HIV-positive cases in Suzhou from 2021 to 2024. T lymphocyte subset analysis and viral load testing were performed, and influencing factors were identified in combination with demographic characteristics. Logistic regression models were employed to identify factors associated with CD4⁺T lymphocyte counts ≤350 cells·μL^-1, and Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between logarithmic value of viral load and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio. ResultsAmong the 3 022 confirmed HIV-positive samples, the median CD4⁺T lymphocyte count was 298.00 cells·μL^-1, with 882 cases (29.19%) showing CD4⁺ T lymphocyte counts <200 cells·μL^-1. The median CD8⁺T lymphocyte count was 1 011.00 cells·μL^-1. The median CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio was 0.28, with 32.46% of cases exhibiting CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratios <0.20, and there were statistically significant differences in CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio among different genders, age groups, marital status, and sample sources (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that individuals aged ≥20 years, those who were divorced or widowed, and cases identified through medical institutions had a significantly higher proportion of CD4⁺T lymphocyte counts ≤350 cells·µL⁻¹ compared to those aged <20 years, unmarried individuals, and cases sourced from voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics, respectively. The mean logarithmic value of viral load was (4.29±1.15) copies·mL^-1. The logarithmic value of viral load demonstrated a significantly negative correlation with both CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio (r=-0.43, P<0.001) and CD4⁺T lymphocyte count (r=-0.37, P<0.001). ConclusionA substantial proportion of newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in Suzhou are late presenters with high viral load levels. Targeted interventions should prioritize high-risk populations through enhanced active surveillance and the implementation of combined T lymphocyte subsets analysis and viral load testing, which can enable earlier case-finding and timely antiretroviral therapy initiation.

Treatment resistance, recurrence, and metastasis of breast cancer remain critical issues affecting long-term patient survival. Chronic psychological stress may act as a host biological driver of breast cancer treatment resistance rather than a mere comorbidity. Through the sustained activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, also referred to as the "brain-tumor axis", stress signaling reshapes inflammatory, immune, and metabolic networks within the tumor microenvironment and thereby influences chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, anti-HER2 therapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Current evidence indicates that the key pathways with translational potential are mainly the β-adrenergic axis and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) pathway. The former is more involved in amplifying inflammatory responses, promoting immunosuppression and metastasis, whereas the latter is closely associated with anti-apoptosis, maintenance of tumor stemness, and reprogramming of estrogen receptor function. This review focuses on the discrepancies in evidence regarding these pathways between population-based studies and preclinical models, and discusses clinically operable non-pharmacologic interventions such as cognitive behavioral stress management, nurse navigation and treatment adherence support, and exercise interventions during the neoadjuvant phase. Although high-level evidence for direct survival benefit remains limited, these interventions have shown favorable effects on cortisol levels, depressive symptoms, quality of life, adherence, relative dose intensity, and some biology-related intermediate endpoints, making them valuable complementary approaches in comprehensive breast cancer management.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Modified Guomin Decoction （加味过敏煎， MGD） in patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis （AD） of the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） pattern of heart fire and spleen deficiency， and to explore its possible mechanisms. MethodsIn this randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled study， 72 patients with mild to moderate AD and the TCM pattern of heart fire and spleen deficiency were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group， with 36 cases in each group. The treatment group received oral MGD granules combined with topical vitamin E emulsion， while the control group received oral placebo granules combined with topical vitamin E treatment. Both groups were treated twice daily for 4 weeks. Clinical efficacy， TCM syndrome scores， Visual Analogue Scale （VAS） for pruritus， Dermatology Life Quality Index （DLQI） scores， Scoring Atopic Dermatitis （SCORAD） and serum biomarkers， including interleukin-33 （IL-33）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， immunoglobulin E （IgE）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） were compared before and after treatment. Safety indexes was also assessed. ResultsThe total clinical effective rates were 77.78% （28/36） in the treatment group and 38.89% （14/36） in the control group， with cure rates of 19.44% （7/36） and 2.78% （1/36）， respectively. The treatment group showed significantly better clinical outcomes compared to the control group （P＜0.05）. The treatment group exhibited significant reductions in total TCM syndrome scores， including erythema， edema， papules， scaling， lichenification， pruritus， irritability， insomnia， abdominal distension， and fatigue scores， as well as reductions in VAS， DLQI， SCORAD， and serum IgE and IL-33 levels （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to the control group， the treatment group had significantly better improvements in all indicators except for insomnia （P＜0.05）. No adverse events occurred in either group. ConclusionMGD is effective and safe in treating mild to moderate AD patients with heart fire and spleen deficiency pattern. It significantly alleviates pruritus， improves TCM syndromes and quality of life， and enhances clinical efficacy， possibly through modulation of immune responses.

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontal supporting tissues caused by plaque microorganisms, whereas inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by gastrointestinal tract damage. Studies have revealed a close association between periodontitis and IBD, and gut microbiota has been shown to play an important role in the development of IBD. When the gut microbiota is disturbed, it leads to intestinal barrier disruption, triggers immune-inflammatory responses, and influences IBD progression. There are significant differences between the salivary microbiota of periodontitis patients and healthy individuals, and periodontal pathogens can enter the intestinal tract with saliva and participate in the development of IBD by influencing the interactions between gut microbiota composition, immune responses, metabolite production, and intestinal barrier function. Current gut microbiota-targeted intervention strategies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotic supplementation, have shown potential therapeutic value in the treatment of periodontitis. These approaches may exert synergistic effects on both periodontitis and IBD through microbiota modulation. This review summarizes research progress on the relationship between periodontitis and IBD to provide a foundation for the prevention and treatment of these two diseases.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of serum microRNA-19a-3p(miR-19a-3p),microRNA-146a(miR-146a)and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25-(OH)D3]for the prognosis of children with respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)bronchiolitis.Methods A total of 202 children with RSV bronchiolitis were enrolled as disease group,followed up for one year after discharge,and divided into good prognosis group(n=55)and poor prognosis group(n=147).Additionally,180 healthy chil-dren matched by gender and age were selected as control group.Serum levels of miR-19a-3p,miR-146a and 25-(OH)D3 were measured in both the disease and control groups.The clinical data and the levels of serum miR-19a-3p,miR-146a and25-(OH)D3 of children in the poor prognosis group and the good prognosis group were compared.The correlations of serum miR-19a-3p,miR-146a and 25-(OH)D3 with the prognosis of children and their predictive value for poor prognosis of chil-dren were analyzed.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the related influen-cing factors of poor prognosis in children.Results The proportion of smoking among family mem-bers,the expression levels of serum miR-19a-3p and miR-146 in the poor prognosis group were sig-nificantly higher than those in the good prognosis group,and the level of 25-(OH)D3 was signifi-cantly lower than that in the good prognosis group(P＜0.05).The expression levels of serum miR-19a-3p and miR-146a were positively correlated with the poor prognosis of the children(r=0.408,0.332,P＜0.001),and the level of serum 25-(OH)D3 was negatively correlated with the poor prognosis of the children(r=-0.386,P＜0.001).The results of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of serum miR-19a-3p,miR-146a and 25-(OH)D3 for predicting poor prognosis in children was 0.726,0.817 and 0.834,re-spectively.The AUC of the combined prediction of the three was 0.938,which was higher than that of the single prediction(Z=5.515,3.879,3.860,P＜0.001),and the sensitivity and specificity were 83.64％and 90.48％,respectively.The miR-19a-3p,miR-146a,25-(OH)D3 and smoking among family members were all influencing factors for the poor prognosis of children with RSV bron-chiolitis(P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum miR-19a-3p,miR-146a and 25-(OH)D3 all have cer-tain predictive values for the prognosis of children with RSV bronchiolitis,and the combined predic-tive value of the three is higher.

Objective To study the role of photobiomodulation(PBM)in promoting the repair of spinal cord injury(SCI)by regulating microglial cells.Methods Forty-five C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the sham operation(Sham)group,surgery(SCI)group and the treatment(SCI+PBM)group,with 15 mice in each.After laminectomy of the T10 vertebral body in the three groups of mice,the SCI group and the SCI+PBM group were used to construct the model of spinal cord hemisection.The SCI+PBM group received immediate PBM treatment after spinal cord injury,while the other two groups did not.On the 1st,3rd,7th,14th,21st and 28th days(D1,D3,D7,D14,D21,D28)after the operation,the Basso Mouse Scale(BMS)was used to assess the recovery of the hind limb motor function of the mice.On the 28th day post operatively,immunofluorescence was used to detect the changes of neurons in the areas of injury in the three groups of mice.Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting experiments were used to detect the phenotypic changes of BV2 cells under the interventions of PBM with inflammatory stimulation.Western blotting experiments were conducted to detect the effects of PBM on the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)pathway.Results On the 28th day after the operation,the results of the mouse motor assessment showed that the BMS scores and related behaviors of the mice in the SCI+PBM group were better than those of the mice in the SCI group(P＜0.05),and the neurons in the SCI+PBM group far outnumbered those in the SCI group(P＜0.05).The results of quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting experiments showed that on the 14th day after the operation,PBM promoted the activation of M2-type microglial cells in vivo but inhibited the activation of M1-type microglial cells.In vitro experiments confirmed that PBM could promote the polarization of BV2 cells towards M2-type microglial cells.In addition,PBM inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway in injured spinal cords and in activated BV2 cells.Conclusion PBM can promote the repair of spinal cord injury in SCI mice by promoting microglial cells through inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.

Objective To analysis the efficacy and safety of antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus in indeterminate phase based on the new guidelines(2022 Edition of the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B).Methods A total of 170 patients with newly diagnosed HBV infection who visited the Third People's Hospital of Kunming from August 1,2020,to July 31,2024,were selected as study subjects.The clinical indicators of patients with normal ALT in the indeterminate phase were analyzed after 12 weeks,24 weeks,and 48 weeks of antiviral treatment,as well as those who did not receive antiviral treatment for 48 weeks.Results(1)Among the 170 patients with normal ALT during the indeterminate phase of HBV infection,the treatment group consisted of 125 patients(36 HBeAg positive and 89 HBeAg negative),while the untreated group had 45 patients.In the treatment group,the HBV-DNA load and HBsAg titer decreased significantly after 48 weeks compared to before treatment,with statistically significant differences(both P<0.05).In the untreated group,the HBV-DNA load showed an upward trend,and the HBsAg titer slightly decreased,with statistically significant differences(both P<0.05).(2)The CVR rate in the treatment group after 48 weeks was 66.67%(24/36)for HBeAg positive patients and 95.51%(85/89)for HBeAg negative patients,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).(3)The treatment group showed a significant decrease in GGT and AFP after 48 weeks compared to before treatment,while the untreated group saw an increase in ALT,GGT,and AFP,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).(4)The fibrosis indicators APRI,FIB-4,and LSM in the treatment group significantly decreased after 48 weeks compared to before treatment,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).(5)The safety indicators CREA,blood calcium,and blood phosphorus in the treatment group significantly decreased after 48 weeks compared to before treatment,with statistically significant differences(all P<0.05).Conclusion Expanding the antiviral treatment indications according to the new guidelines for patients with normal ALT in the indeterminate phase of HBV infection demonstrates good efficacy in controlling HBV-DNA,improving CVR rates,and enhancing fibrosis indicators,while also showing favorable renal safety.However,there may be a risk of osteoporosis due to calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorders,necessitating enhanced monitoring and prevention.

Objective:To analyze the etiological composition and clinical characteristics of infant hypertension，and provide reference for its diagnosis and treatment.Methods:This is a retrospective case-control study.Retrospective investigation and analysis were conducted on the clinical data of infants discharged from Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University with a diagnosis of "hypertension" from June 1，2016 to September 30，2021，including clinical manifestations，auxiliary examinations，treatment plans，and prognosis.Results:A total of 74 eligible children were collected，including 42 male infants（56.8%）and 32 female infants（43.2%）.A total of 67 cases（90.5%）had clear secondary factors，including 35 cases of kidney disease（47.3%），12 cases of connective tissue disease（16.2%），and 9 cases of hematological tumor disease（12.2%）.At the beginning of the disease，cardiac ultrasound showed that 54 cases（73.0%）had ventricular wall thickening，including mild thickening in 31 cases（57.4%），moderate thickening in 11 cases（20.3%），and severe thickening in 12 cases（22.2%）.After grouping by etiology，the incidence of proteinuria and severe hypertension in the renal hypertension group，as well as those receiving multiple antihypertensive drugs，was significantly higher than that in the non-renal hypertension group（ χ 2=28.493， P<0.001； χ 2=17.283， P<0.001； χ 2=17.358， P<0.001）；Renal disease was risk factor for severe hypertension in infants according to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis respectively（ OR=11.176，95% CI：2.882~43.339， P<0.001； OR=11.669，95% CI：2.921~46.624， P<0.001）.Thirty-one children had follow-up records for 6 months or more，and 13（41.9%）still required antihypertensive treatment，of whom 26（83.9%）were no longer recorded as having elevated blood pressure. Conclusion:Infant hypertension is mainly secondary，with a high proportion of renal factors and predisposition to severe hypertension，which requires multiple antihypertensive drugs for control.Active antihypertensive treatment and removal of secondary factors during the acute phase are helpful for controlling hypertension in infants，but further research is needed on treatment options and long-term prognosis.

Stroke is characterized by a high disability rate. After stroke, patients will have different degrees of limb dysfunction, which seriously affects their quality of life. In recent years, fully immersive virtual technology has been gradually applied at home and abroad to promote limb function rehabilitation of stroke patients. This paper reviews the technical components, application forms, application effects, prospects and challenges of fully immersive virtual reality technology in limb function rehabilitation of stroke patients, in order to provide theoretical basis for the subsequent application of fully immersive virtual reality technology to improve the level of limb function rehabilitation of stroke patients.