By systematically combing ancient and modern literature， this paper examined Tribuli Fructus and Astragali Complanati Semen（ACS） used in the famous classical formulas from the aspects of name， origin， production area， harvesting and processing， clinical efficacy， so as to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing such medicinal materials. The results showed that the names of Tribuli Fructus in the past dynasties were mostly derived from its morphology， and there were nicknames such as Baijili， Cijili and Dujili. The name of ACS in the past dynasties were mostly originated from its production areas， and there were nicknames such as Baijili， Shayuan Jili and Tongjili. Because both of them had the name of Baijili， confusion began to appear in the Song dynasty. In ancient and modern times， the main origin of Tribuli Fructus were Tribulus terrestris， and ancient literature recorded the genuine producing areas of Tribuli Fructus was Dali in Shaanxi and Tianshui in Gansu， but today it is mainly cultivated in Anhui and Shandong. The fruit is the medicinal part， harvested in autumn throughout history. There is no description of the quality of Tribuli Fructus in ancient times， and the plump， firm texture， grayish-white color is the best in modern times. Traditional processing methods for Tribuli Fructus included stir-frying and wine processing， while modern commonly used is purified， fried and salt-processed. The ancient records of Tribuli Fructus were spicy， bitter， and warm in nature， with modern research adding that it is slightly toxic. The main effects of ancient and modern times include treating wind disorders， improving vision， promoting muscle growth， and treating vitiligo. The mainstream base of ACS used throughout history is Astragalus complanatus. Ancient texts indicated ACS primarily originated from Shaanxi province. Today， the finest varieties come from Tongguan and Dali in Shaanxi. The medicinal part is the seed， traditionally harvested in autumn. Modern harvesting occurs in late autumn or early winter， followed by sun-drying. Ancient texts valued seeds with a fragrant aroma as superior， while modern standards prioritize plump， uniform and free of impurities. Traditional processing methods for ACS included frying until blackened and wine-frying， while modern practice commonly employs purification methods. In terms of medicinal properties， the ancient and modern records are sweet and warm in nature. Due to originally classified under Tribuli Fructus， its effects were thus regarded as equivalent to those of Tribuli Fructus， serving as the medicine for treating wind disorders， additional functions included tonifying the kidneys and treating vitiligo. The present record of its efficacy is to tonify the kidney and promote Yang， solidify sperm and reduce urine， nourish the liver and brighten the eye， etc. Based on the textual research results， it is suggested that when developing the famous classical formulas of Tribuli Fructus medicinal materials， we should pay attention to the specific reference object of Baijili， T. terrestris and A. complanatus should be identified and selected， and the processing method should be in accordance with the requirements of the formulas.

Aim To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of Ebselenin(Ebselen,EbSe)in the treat-ment of Escherichia coli(E.coli)infection,which had no significant inhibitory effect on Gram-negative bacte-ria,based on previous studies.Methods After EbSe intervention in E.coli infected Raw264.7 cells,the via-bility of Raw264.7 cells was determined by CCK-8 method,the morphology and structure of Raw264.7 cells were observed by electron microscope,and the in-tracellular bacterial load of Raw264.7 cells was calcu-lated by coated plate method.Polarization status of peritoneal macrophages,Raw264.7 intracellular NO and ROS content and intracellular HO-1 expression in Raw264.7 and E.coli acutely infected mice after E.co-li infection by flow cytometry.qPCR was used to detect the expression of related mRNAs in Raw264.7 cells.qPCR was used to detect the intracellular GSH content in Raw264.7 cells by spectrophotometric assay,and the state of cytoskeletal proteins was observed by immuno-fluorescence.Western blot assay was performed to de-tect the intracellular Txnrd1 expression level.Results Microtiter method,CCK-8,and electron microscopy observations showed that EbSe had no effect on the growth of E.coli and Raw264.7 cells in vitro.The re-sults of smear plate counting showed that EbSe reduced the intracellular bacterial load of Raw264.7 in the in-fected group.Flow cytometry results showed that EbSe upregulated the number of M2-type macrophages.The EbSe-treated infected group had reduced intracellular NO and ROS levels and increased GSH levels.The qPCR results showed that the expression of IL-6,IL-1β,and iNOS was decreased,and the expression of HO-1,Txnrd1,and Glut1 was increased in DHB4-in-fected Raw264.7 cells after EbSe treatment.Cytoskel-etal staining showed that the morphology of the EbSe-treated infected cells was similar to that of oxPAPC-in-duced cells.Western blot results showed the expres-sion of Txnrd1 protein in EbSe-treated infected cells in-creased.Conclusion EbSe exerts anti-E.coli acute infection effect by regulating macrophage polarization and inhibiting macrophage excessive inflammatory state.

Objective:To explore the application value of part-cut jejunal transection in digestive tract reconstruction of totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy.Methods:The propensity score matching and retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 112 patients with gastric cancer who underwent totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from June 2018 to September 2022 were collected. There were 81 males and 31 females, aged (70±8)years. Among the 112 patients, 60 patients undergoing diges-tive tract reconstruction by Roux-en-Y anastomosis with part-cut jejunum were set as the part-cut group, and 52 patients undergoing digestive tract reconstruction by traditional Roux-en-Y anasto-mosis were set as the traditional group. Observation indicators: (1) propensity score matching status and comparison of clinical data of patients between the two groups after matching; (2) intraopera-tive and postoperative conditions; (3) follow-up. Comparison of measurement data with normal dis-tribution between groups was conducted using the independent sample t test. Comparison of count data between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Com-parison of ordinal data was conducted using the nonparametic rank sum test. Propensity score matching was performed using the 1∶1 nearest neighbor matching method, with the caliper value of 0.02. Results:(1) Propensity score matching status and comparison of clinical data of patients between the two groups after matching. Of the 112 patients, 90 patients were successfully matched, with 45 cases in each of the part-cut group and the traditional group. After propensity score matching, the elimination of body mass index, clinical TNM staging confounding bias ensured comparability. (2) Intraoperative and postoperative conditions. After propensity score matching, the total operation time and digestive tract reconstruction time of patients in the part-cut group were (217.0±15.1)minutes and (34.7±1.8)minutes, versus (252.6±21.9)minutes and (52.6±7.4)minutes in the traditional group, respectively, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=?8.97, ?15.66, P<0.05). (3) Follow-up. After propensity score matching, 90 patients were followed up postoperatively for (47±15)months. During the follow-up, no patient in either group received secondary surgery, and there was no death. There were 3 cases and 10 cases of Roux stasis syndrome in the part-cut group and the traditional group, respectively, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=4.41, P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with traditional Roux-en-Y anastomosis, the Roux-en-Y anastomosis with part-cut jejunum in totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy can signifi-cantly shorten the time for digestive tract reconstruction and reduce the incidence of postoperative Roux stasis syndrome.

Aim To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of Ebselenin(Ebselen,EbSe)in the treat-ment of Escherichia coli(E.coli)infection,which had no significant inhibitory effect on Gram-negative bacte-ria,based on previous studies.Methods After EbSe intervention in E.coli infected Raw264.7 cells,the via-bility of Raw264.7 cells was determined by CCK-8 method,the morphology and structure of Raw264.7 cells were observed by electron microscope,and the in-tracellular bacterial load of Raw264.7 cells was calcu-lated by coated plate method.Polarization status of peritoneal macrophages,Raw264.7 intracellular NO and ROS content and intracellular HO-1 expression in Raw264.7 and E.coli acutely infected mice after E.co-li infection by flow cytometry.qPCR was used to detect the expression of related mRNAs in Raw264.7 cells.qPCR was used to detect the intracellular GSH content in Raw264.7 cells by spectrophotometric assay,and the state of cytoskeletal proteins was observed by immuno-fluorescence.Western blot assay was performed to de-tect the intracellular Txnrd1 expression level.Results Microtiter method,CCK-8,and electron microscopy observations showed that EbSe had no effect on the growth of E.coli and Raw264.7 cells in vitro.The re-sults of smear plate counting showed that EbSe reduced the intracellular bacterial load of Raw264.7 in the in-fected group.Flow cytometry results showed that EbSe upregulated the number of M2-type macrophages.The EbSe-treated infected group had reduced intracellular NO and ROS levels and increased GSH levels.The qPCR results showed that the expression of IL-6,IL-1β,and iNOS was decreased,and the expression of HO-1,Txnrd1,and Glut1 was increased in DHB4-in-fected Raw264.7 cells after EbSe treatment.Cytoskel-etal staining showed that the morphology of the EbSe-treated infected cells was similar to that of oxPAPC-in-duced cells.Western blot results showed the expres-sion of Txnrd1 protein in EbSe-treated infected cells in-creased.Conclusion EbSe exerts anti-E.coli acute infection effect by regulating macrophage polarization and inhibiting macrophage excessive inflammatory state.

Objective:To explore the application value of part-cut jejunal transection in digestive tract reconstruction of totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy.Methods:The propensity score matching and retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 112 patients with gastric cancer who underwent totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from June 2018 to September 2022 were collected. There were 81 males and 31 females, aged (70±8)years. Among the 112 patients, 60 patients undergoing diges-tive tract reconstruction by Roux-en-Y anastomosis with part-cut jejunum were set as the part-cut group, and 52 patients undergoing digestive tract reconstruction by traditional Roux-en-Y anasto-mosis were set as the traditional group. Observation indicators: (1) propensity score matching status and comparison of clinical data of patients between the two groups after matching; (2) intraopera-tive and postoperative conditions; (3) follow-up. Comparison of measurement data with normal dis-tribution between groups was conducted using the independent sample t test. Comparison of count data between groups was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Com-parison of ordinal data was conducted using the nonparametic rank sum test. Propensity score matching was performed using the 1∶1 nearest neighbor matching method, with the caliper value of 0.02. Results:(1) Propensity score matching status and comparison of clinical data of patients between the two groups after matching. Of the 112 patients, 90 patients were successfully matched, with 45 cases in each of the part-cut group and the traditional group. After propensity score matching, the elimination of body mass index, clinical TNM staging confounding bias ensured comparability. (2) Intraoperative and postoperative conditions. After propensity score matching, the total operation time and digestive tract reconstruction time of patients in the part-cut group were (217.0±15.1)minutes and (34.7±1.8)minutes, versus (252.6±21.9)minutes and (52.6±7.4)minutes in the traditional group, respectively, showing significant differences in the above indicators between the two groups ( t=?8.97, ?15.66, P<0.05). (3) Follow-up. After propensity score matching, 90 patients were followed up postoperatively for (47±15)months. During the follow-up, no patient in either group received secondary surgery, and there was no death. There were 3 cases and 10 cases of Roux stasis syndrome in the part-cut group and the traditional group, respectively, showing a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=4.41, P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with traditional Roux-en-Y anastomosis, the Roux-en-Y anastomosis with part-cut jejunum in totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy can signifi-cantly shorten the time for digestive tract reconstruction and reduce the incidence of postoperative Roux stasis syndrome.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of sclerotherapy of pelvic lymphoid cysts with anhydrous ethanol and lauromacrogol.Methods Totally 98 patients with pelvic lymphatic cysts after resection of gynecological malignant tumors were retrospectively enrolled,including 50 cases underwent sclerotherapy with anhydrous ethanol(anhydrous ethanol group)and 48 cases with lauromacrogol(lauromacrogol group).The complications after sclerotherapy were recorded,and the effect was evaluated according to improvement of symptoms and results of ultrasound,CT or MRI 3 months after sclerotherapy.Results Sclerotherapy was successfully completed in both groups.After sclerotherapy,adverse reactions occurred in 20 cases in anhydrous ethanol group,including pain(n=5),drunk-like reaction(n=2),cyst infection and drug resistance(n=1),intestinal perforation(n=1)and decreased immunity(n=6),among which 2 were common terminology criteria for adverse events(CTCAE)grade 1 and 18 were CTCAE grade 2-3 adverse reactions.Meanwhile,minor pain occurred in 2 cases in lauromacrogol group,both were CTCAE grade 1 adverse reactions.The incidence of CTCAE grade 2-3 adverse reactions in anhydrous ethanol group was higher than in lauromacrogol group(36.00％[18/50]vs.0[0/48],x2=21.168,P＜0.001).All the above adverse reactions in 2 groups improved after symptomatic support treatment,and no other complication was observed.Three months after treatment,4 cases were cured,40 were improved and 6 were ineffective in anhydrous ethanol group,while 7 were cured,40 were improved and 1 was ineffective in lauromacrogol group.No significant difference of cyst control rate was found between groups(88.00％[44/50]vs.97.92％[47/48],x2=4.178,P=0.128).Conclusion The effects of sclerotherapy of pelvic lymphoid cysts with anhydrous ethanol and lauromacrogol were equivalent,while the latter was safer.

AIM To explore the effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on mitochondrial oxidative damage and PKCε-Nampt pathway in rats following cerebral ischemia reperfusion(I/R).METHODS The rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group,the model group,Buyang Huanwu Decoction group(14.3 g/kg)and edaravone group(3 mg/kg).Except those of the sham operation group,SD rats of other groups were induced into models of brain I/R injury by MCAO method,followed by corresponding drug administration 24 hours after operation.After 7 days of administration,the rats had their neurological deficit evaluated by neurological function scoring;thier expression of neuron marker MAP-2 detected by immunofluorescence staining;their neuron damage observed and the oxidative damage evaluated through assessment of their ROS levels and MDA and SOD activities;their changes of mitochondrial membrane potential detected by fluorescent probe JC-1;their ratio of NAD+/NADH detected using modified enzyme circulation method;their expressions of PKCε,p-PKCε and Nampt proteins detected with Western blot;and their positive expressions of p-PKCε and Nampt proteins detected with immunohistochemistry method.RESULTS Compared with the model group,Buyang Huanwu Decoction group shared decreased cerebral infarction volume and neurological function score(P<0.05);increased cerebral fluorescence intensity of MAP-2(P<0.05);reduced neuronal damage,decreased cerebral levels of ROS and MDA(P<0.05);increased SOD activity,mitochondrial membrane potential and NAD+/NADH ratio(P<0.05);and increased protein expressions of p-PKCε and Nampt(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Buyang Huanwu Decoction can improve mitochondrial function and reduce brain I/R injury in rats by activating their PKCε-Nampt signaling pathway.

There are huge differences between tumor cells and normal cells in material metabolism, and tumor cells mainly show increased anabolism, decreased catabolism, and imbalance in substance metabolism. These differences provide the necessary material basis for the growth and reproduction of tumor cells, and also provide important targets for the treatment of tumors. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by an imbalance of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and lipid membrane antioxidant systems in cells, resulting in excessive accumulation of lipid peroxide, causing damage to lipid membrane structure and loss of function, and ultimately cell death. The regulation of ferroptosis involves a variety of metabolic pathways, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and iron metabolism. In order for tumor cells to grow rapidly, their metabolic needs are more vigorous than those of normal cells. Tumor cells are metabolically reprogrammed to meet their rapidly proliferating material and energy needs. Metabolic reprogramming is mainly manifested in glycolysis and enhancement of pentose phosphate pathway, enhanced glutamine metabolism, increased nucleic acid synthesis, and iron metabolism tends to retain more intracellular iron. Metabolic reprogramming is accompanied by the production of reactive oxygen species and the activation of the antioxidant system. The state of high oxidative stress makes tumor cells more susceptible to redox imbalances, causing intracellular lipid peroxidation, which ultimately leads to ferroptosis. Therefore, in-depth study of the molecular mechanism and metabolic basis of ferroptosis is conducive to the development of new therapies to induce ferroptosis in cancer treatment. Ferroptosis, as a regulated form of cell death, can induce ferroptosis in tumor cells by pharmacologically or genetically targeting the metabolism of substances in tumor cells, which has great potential value in tumor treatment. This article summarizes the effects of cellular metabolism on ferroptosis in order to find new targets for tumor treatment and provide new ideas for clinical treatment.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of sclerotherapy of pelvic lymphoid cysts with anhydrous ethanol and lauromacrogol.Methods Totally 98 patients with pelvic lymphatic cysts after resection of gynecological malignant tumors were retrospectively enrolled,including 50 cases underwent sclerotherapy with anhydrous ethanol(anhydrous ethanol group)and 48 cases with lauromacrogol(lauromacrogol group).The complications after sclerotherapy were recorded,and the effect was evaluated according to improvement of symptoms and results of ultrasound,CT or MRI 3 months after sclerotherapy.Results Sclerotherapy was successfully completed in both groups.After sclerotherapy,adverse reactions occurred in 20 cases in anhydrous ethanol group,including pain(n=5),drunk-like reaction(n=2),cyst infection and drug resistance(n=1),intestinal perforation(n=1)and decreased immunity(n=6),among which 2 were common terminology criteria for adverse events(CTCAE)grade 1 and 18 were CTCAE grade 2-3 adverse reactions.Meanwhile,minor pain occurred in 2 cases in lauromacrogol group,both were CTCAE grade 1 adverse reactions.The incidence of CTCAE grade 2-3 adverse reactions in anhydrous ethanol group was higher than in lauromacrogol group(36.00％[18/50]vs.0[0/48],x2=21.168,P＜0.001).All the above adverse reactions in 2 groups improved after symptomatic support treatment,and no other complication was observed.Three months after treatment,4 cases were cured,40 were improved and 6 were ineffective in anhydrous ethanol group,while 7 were cured,40 were improved and 1 was ineffective in lauromacrogol group.No significant difference of cyst control rate was found between groups(88.00％[44/50]vs.97.92％[47/48],x2=4.178,P=0.128).Conclusion The effects of sclerotherapy of pelvic lymphoid cysts with anhydrous ethanol and lauromacrogol were equivalent,while the latter was safer.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of endoscopic injection of polidocanol combined with low-dose tissue glue occlusion in the treatment of F3 esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis.Methods:Retrospective analysis was made on 42 patients with cirrhosis type F3 esophageal varices admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2020 to June 2021. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into the observation group and the control group, with 21 cases in each group. The observation group received endoscopic injection of polidocanol combined with low-dose tissue glue occlusion, while the control group received endoscopic injection of polidocanol. The differences in the effectiveness (remission rate of varices) and safety (incidence of intraoperative bleeding and postoperative rebleeding, incidence of ectopic embolism, incidence of esophageal ulcer, incidence of esophageal perforation, incidence of esophageal stricture) of the two groups of patients were compared.Results:The total effective rate of relieving esophageal varices in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group [95.2%(20/21) vs 61.9%(13/21), χ 2=6.929, P=0.008]. There were no cases of ectopic embolism in both groups; The intraoperative bleeding rate in the observation group was 4.8% (1/21), significantly lower than the 38.1% (8/21) in the control group (χ 2=6.929, P=0.008); There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative rebleeding rates between the two groups [33.3%(7/21) vs 23.8%(5/21), χ 2=0.467, P=0.495]; The incidence of esophageal ulcers in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [23.8%(5/21) vs 0, χ 2=5.676, P=0.017], mainly caused by glue discharge ulcers; There were no cases of esophageal perforation and esophageal stricture in both groups. Conclusions:Endoscopic injection of polidocanol combined with low-dose tissue glue occlusion for the treatment of F3 esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis is safe, can greatly reduce the occurrence of intraoperative bleeding, and has a better one-time variceal eradication effect.