Objectives: . This study aimed to investigate the regulatory functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neural circuits from the inferior colliculus (IC) to the medial geniculate body (MGB) in salicylate-induced tinnitus. Methods: . Mice were treated with salicylate to induce tinnitus, and tinnitus-like behaviors were evaluated via gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Using combined viral tracing methodologies, we identified and mapped the pathways and connections from the IC to the MGB. Furthermore, we employed Gq-coupled human M3 designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) and Gi-coupled human M4 DREADDs to achieve targeted excitation or suppression of GABAergic neurons in the IC and MGB. Following the administration of clozapine N-oxide, which binds to these receptors, we modulated these neural circuits to assess their impact on tinnitus severity in a mouse model. Results: . Our findings demonstrated that mice exposed to salicylate exhibited tinnitus-like behaviors. GABAergic neurons projecting retrogradely from the MGB to the IC were primarily concentrated in the external nucleus of the IC. After clozapine N-oxide administration, chemogenetic activation of IC-MGB GABAergic neurons aggravated salicylate-induced tinnitus. Additionally, activation of GABAergic neurons between the IC and MGB induced the perception of tinnitus even without salicylate. However, chemogenetic inhibition of the IC-MGB GABAergic circuit did not reverse salicylate-induced tinnitus. Conclusion . These findings suggest that activation of the IC-MGB GABAergic neural circuit may contribute to tinnitus generation through a mechanism distinct from that of salicylate-induced tinnitus. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying tinnitus.

Aim To explore the in vitro anti-human triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)effect and mech-anism of Austocystin R.Methods MTT assay was used to evaluate the anti-tumor potential of Austocystin R for various human tumor cells and normal cells.Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate the influence on cell cycle progression.mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus transfection was used to evaluate the autophagic flux process.Western blot assay was used to verify the effect of Austocystin R on the expression of related pro-teins.Results The results showed that Austocystin R significantly inhibited the proliferation of multiple tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner,especially for the MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 of 1.45μmol·L-1.In addition,Austocystin R increased the protein expression of PTEN,p53,p-p53,p27,p21,and down-regulated the expression of p-PI3K,p-AKT and p-mTOR.Austocystin R can significantly increase the proportion of S-phase MDA-MB-231 cells,inhibit the expression of Cyclin D1,CDK4,CDK6,Rb,Cyclin B1 and CDK1,and promote the expression of Cyclin E1 and CDK2.Austocystin R can promote the autophagic flux process of MDA-MB-231 cells,promote the expres-sion of LC3 Ⅰ/Ⅱ,p-Beclin-1,p-ULK1,HMGB-1 and Atg 14 proteins,and inhibit the expression of Beclin-1,ULK1,p62,ATG 3,ATG 4B,ATG 5,ATG 7,ATG 12,ATG 13 and ATG 16L1 proteins.Conclusion Austo-cystin R can exhibit its anti-TNBC activity by inhibi-ting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,blocking the cell cycle at the S phase and inducing autophagic cell death.

Aim To explore the in vitro anti-human triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)effect and mech-anism of Austocystin R.Methods MTT assay was used to evaluate the anti-tumor potential of Austocystin R for various human tumor cells and normal cells.Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate the influence on cell cycle progression.mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus transfection was used to evaluate the autophagic flux process.Western blot assay was used to verify the effect of Austocystin R on the expression of related pro-teins.Results The results showed that Austocystin R significantly inhibited the proliferation of multiple tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner,especially for the MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 of 1.45μmol·L-1.In addition,Austocystin R increased the protein expression of PTEN,p53,p-p53,p27,p21,and down-regulated the expression of p-PI3K,p-AKT and p-mTOR.Austocystin R can significantly increase the proportion of S-phase MDA-MB-231 cells,inhibit the expression of Cyclin D1,CDK4,CDK6,Rb,Cyclin B1 and CDK1,and promote the expression of Cyclin E1 and CDK2.Austocystin R can promote the autophagic flux process of MDA-MB-231 cells,promote the expres-sion of LC3 Ⅰ/Ⅱ,p-Beclin-1,p-ULK1,HMGB-1 and Atg 14 proteins,and inhibit the expression of Beclin-1,ULK1,p62,ATG 3,ATG 4B,ATG 5,ATG 7,ATG 12,ATG 13 and ATG 16L1 proteins.Conclusion Austo-cystin R can exhibit its anti-TNBC activity by inhibi-ting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,blocking the cell cycle at the S phase and inducing autophagic cell death.

Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth. Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality, the overall treatment plan, the patient's general health status, and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation. This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis, the development of capping biomaterial, and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine. This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy, which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
Humans ; Calcium Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Dental Pulp ; Dentition, Permanent ; Oxides/therapeutic use* ; Pulpitis/therapy* ; Pulpotomy/standards*

Objective To assess the clinical value of a novel surgical technique—Tubeless subxiphoid uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with percutaneous suspension technique via balance-shaped sternal elevation device in the resection of anterior mediastinal masses. Methods Patients who underwent tubeless subxiphoid uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery via balance-shaped sternal elevation device in anterior mediastinal masses process at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University from March to April 2025 were included, and their clinical data were analyzed. Results A total of 4 patients were included, with 2 males and 2 females, aged 58-75 years. The diameter of the tumor was 2.5-3.0 cm. The operation time was 60.0-150.0 min, intraoperative blood loss was 5-10 mL, pain score on the 3rd day after surgery was 0 points, and postoperative hospital stay was 2-3 days. All patients achieved complete resection of the masses and thymus without perioperative complications. Conclusion The tubeless subxiphoid uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with percutaneous suspension technique via balance-shaped sternal elevation device technique optimizes surgical visualization and instrument maneuverability while avoiding complications related to conventional anesthesia and tubing, thereby markedly enhancing the minimally invasive profile of anterior mediastinal masses resections. In addition to maintaining procedural safety, this approach effectively reduces postoperative pain and accelerates patient recovery, highlighting its potential for widespread clinical adoption.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF), predominantly affecting the elderly, can lead to intractable pain, vertebral collapse, progressive kyphotic deformity, and neurological impairment, significantly compromising patients′ quality of life. There exists considerable debate on diagnosis and management of OVF, encompassing key issues such as clinical diagnosis and staging criteria for nonunion, surgical indications and procedure selection, and postoperative rehabilitation planning. Currently, there lacks standardized clinical guideline and expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of OVF nonunion in China. To address this gap, Minimally Invasive Surgery Group of Chinese Orthopedic Association, Osteoporosis Committee of Chinese Association of Orthopedic Surgeons, Prevention and Rehabilitation Committee for Osteoporosis of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine and Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery Branch of China Association for Geriatric Care jointly organized domestic experts in spinal surgery, endocrinology, and rehabilitation to formulate the Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment for nonunion of osteoporotic vertebral fractures ( version 2025), based on existing literature and clinical experience and adhering to principles of scientific rigor and practicality. The guideline provided 13 evidence-based recommendations encompassing diagnosis and treatment of OVF nonunion, aiming to standardize its clinical management.

Background and purpose:Thyroid dysfunction can frequently be discovered in breast cancer patients during long-term follow-up after receiving post-operative radiation therapy(PORT).This study aimed to compare serum levels of thyroid transcription factors(TTFs)TTF-1 and paired box 8(PAX-8)before and after PORT in breast cancer patients,combined with the results of serological thyroid indicators tests,and to analyze the relationship between the changes in serum levels of these two kinds of TTFs and thyroid dysfunction after breast cancer PORT.Methods:Female breast cancer patients without thyroid disease records who received PORT in Department of Radiation Oncology,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Huangpu Branch,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from Jan.2022 to Jun.2022 were prospectively selected,and were divided into two groups according to being with or without supraclavicular radiation field.All the patients had given informed consent before joining the study.The study design was approved by the ethic committee of our hospital(Ethic Approval No.2021-KY-2).Serum levels of TTF-1 and PAX-8,serological thyroid indicators[triiodothyronine(T3),tetraiodothyronine(T4),free triiodothyronine(FT3),free tetraiodothyronine(FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)and thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPO-Ab)]were recorded before PORT,at the end of PORT,6,12 and 24 months after the end of PORT,respectively.The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology(STROBE)checklist was followed for this study.Results:Eighty patients were enrolled in this study(40 in each group).A total of 19 patients who had hypothyroidism were divided in two groups,15 in supraclavicular field group(SC group)and 4 in non-supraclavicular field group(NSC group),respectively(P=0.004).Levels of TTF-1[5.70(5.11,7.13)vs 6.68(5.15,7.57),P=0.296]and PAX-8(5.26±1.01 vs 5.66±1.37,P=0.149)did not show statistically significant deference between two groups before PORT.In SC group,levels of TTF-1 and PAX-8 gradually rose in 12 months after the end of PORT.In NCS group,levels of TTF-1 and PAX-8 did not change significantly during 24 months after the end of PORT.Test results of serum TTF-1 between two groups were statistically different at 6 months[6.99(4.73,13.94)vs 5.79(5.01,6.28),P=0.049],12 months[7.65(5.02,17.85)vs 5.43(4.52,6.22),P=0.005]after the end of PORT,while test results of serum PAX-8 between two groups were statistically different at 12 months[6.79(4.86,14.30)vs 5.81(4.70,7.25),P=0.042]after the end of PORT.The median values of TTF-1 and PAX-8 test results at 12 months after the end of PORT in SC group which were both significantly higher compared with NSC group were selected as the referent thresholds.Patients in SC group whose test results were higher than referent thresholds were defined as TTF-1/PAX-8 elevating subgroups,and patients whose test results under the threshold defined as TTF-1/PAX-8 normal subgroups.The incidences of hypothyroidism were higher in elevation subgroups than in normal subgroups(65.0%vs 10.0%,60.0%vs 15.0%,respectively,P=0.001,P=0.008,respectively).Positive correlations were observed between the elevation of TTF-1/PAX-8 at 12 months after the end of PORT and hypothyroidism after breast cancer supraclavicular field radiation(OR=9.702,3.930,and P=0.020,0.046,respectively)according to multivariate analysis.Conclusion:Thyroid dysfunction after breast cancer PORT was mainly manifested with hypothyroidism;supraclavicular field radiation may significantly increase the incidence of hypothyroidism;serum levels of TTF-1 and PAX-8 elevated obviously in breast cancer PORT patients who had hypothyroidism after receiving supraclavicular field radiation.

Background and purpose:Thyroid dysfunction can frequently be discovered in breast cancer patients during long-term follow-up after receiving post-operative radiation therapy(PORT).This study aimed to compare serum levels of thyroid transcription factors(TTFs)TTF-1 and paired box 8(PAX-8)before and after PORT in breast cancer patients,combined with the results of serological thyroid indicators tests,and to analyze the relationship between the changes in serum levels of these two kinds of TTFs and thyroid dysfunction after breast cancer PORT.Methods:Female breast cancer patients without thyroid disease records who received PORT in Department of Radiation Oncology,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Huangpu Branch,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from Jan.2022 to Jun.2022 were prospectively selected,and were divided into two groups according to being with or without supraclavicular radiation field.All the patients had given informed consent before joining the study.The study design was approved by the ethic committee of our hospital(Ethic Approval No.2021-KY-2).Serum levels of TTF-1 and PAX-8,serological thyroid indicators[triiodothyronine(T3),tetraiodothyronine(T4),free triiodothyronine(FT3),free tetraiodothyronine(FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)and thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPO-Ab)]were recorded before PORT,at the end of PORT,6,12 and 24 months after the end of PORT,respectively.The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology(STROBE)checklist was followed for this study.Results:Eighty patients were enrolled in this study(40 in each group).A total of 19 patients who had hypothyroidism were divided in two groups,15 in supraclavicular field group(SC group)and 4 in non-supraclavicular field group(NSC group),respectively(P=0.004).Levels of TTF-1[5.70(5.11,7.13)vs 6.68(5.15,7.57),P=0.296]and PAX-8(5.26±1.01 vs 5.66±1.37,P=0.149)did not show statistically significant deference between two groups before PORT.In SC group,levels of TTF-1 and PAX-8 gradually rose in 12 months after the end of PORT.In NCS group,levels of TTF-1 and PAX-8 did not change significantly during 24 months after the end of PORT.Test results of serum TTF-1 between two groups were statistically different at 6 months[6.99(4.73,13.94)vs 5.79(5.01,6.28),P=0.049],12 months[7.65(5.02,17.85)vs 5.43(4.52,6.22),P=0.005]after the end of PORT,while test results of serum PAX-8 between two groups were statistically different at 12 months[6.79(4.86,14.30)vs 5.81(4.70,7.25),P=0.042]after the end of PORT.The median values of TTF-1 and PAX-8 test results at 12 months after the end of PORT in SC group which were both significantly higher compared with NSC group were selected as the referent thresholds.Patients in SC group whose test results were higher than referent thresholds were defined as TTF-1/PAX-8 elevating subgroups,and patients whose test results under the threshold defined as TTF-1/PAX-8 normal subgroups.The incidences of hypothyroidism were higher in elevation subgroups than in normal subgroups(65.0%vs 10.0%,60.0%vs 15.0%,respectively,P=0.001,P=0.008,respectively).Positive correlations were observed between the elevation of TTF-1/PAX-8 at 12 months after the end of PORT and hypothyroidism after breast cancer supraclavicular field radiation(OR=9.702,3.930,and P=0.020,0.046,respectively)according to multivariate analysis.Conclusion:Thyroid dysfunction after breast cancer PORT was mainly manifested with hypothyroidism;supraclavicular field radiation may significantly increase the incidence of hypothyroidism;serum levels of TTF-1 and PAX-8 elevated obviously in breast cancer PORT patients who had hypothyroidism after receiving supraclavicular field radiation.

AIM To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of gallic acid,protocatechuic acid,neomangiferin,catechin,caffeic acid,mangiferin,isomangiferin,albiflorin,paeoniflorin,vitexin,liquiritin,scutellarin,baicalin,liquiritigenin,timosaponin BⅡ,quercetin,wogonoside,benzoylpaeoniflorin,isoliquiritigenin,honokiol,magnolol,norarecaidine,arecaidine,arecoline,epicatechin,baicalein,glycyrrhizinate and wogonin in Dayuan Drink.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 35℃thermostatic Syncronis C18 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.1%formic acid-acetonitrile flowing at 0.3 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and electron spray inoization source was adopted in positive and negative ion scanning with select reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Twenty-eight constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2≥0.991 0),whose average recoveries were 95.60%-103.53%with the RSDs of 0.60%-5.45%.CONCLUSION This rapid,simple,selective,accurate and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Dayuan Drink.