Urachal carcinoma (UrC)is a rare urological malignancy. UrC is not obvious in its early symptoms, and is mostly in the advanced stage at diagnosis, with a poor prognosis. Surgical treatment was preferred by partial cystectomy + resection of complete umbilical and umbilical urinary catheter ± pelvic lymph node dissection, and more than 90% of UrC were confirmed as adenocarcinoma through postoperative pathology. Systemic treatment is often based on treatment protocols for bladder adenocarcinoma or colorectal adenocarcinoma.This article reviews recent domestic and international research on UrC, summarizing its incidence, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment.

In order to study the effect of light with different wavelengths on the motion behavior of carp robots, phototaxis experiment, anatomical experiment, light control experiment and speed measurement experiment were carried out in this study. Blue, green, yellow and red light with different wavelength were used to conduct phototaxis experiments on carp to observe their movement behavior. By dissecting the skull bones of the carp to determine the appropriate location to carry the light control device, we independently developed a light control carrying device which was suitable for any illumination intensity environment. The experiment of the light-controlled carp robots was carried out. The motion behavior of the carp robot was checked by using computer binocular stereo vision technology. The motion trajectory of the carp robot was tracked and obtained by applying kernel correlation filter (KCF) algorithm. The motion velocity of the carp robot at different wavelengths was calculated according to their motion trajectory. The results showed that carps' sensitivity to different light changed from strong to weak in the order of blue, red, yellow and green, so that using light with different wavelengths to control the speed of the carp robot has certain laws to follow. A new method to avoid brain damage in carp robots control can be provided in this study.
Algorithms ; Animals ; Carps ; Motion ; Phototaxis ; Robotics

Objective:To analyze the risk factors associate with apex or basal positive surgical margins in patients after radical prostatectomy.Methods:During the period from January 2013 to December 2017, data was collected in 180 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in Urological department of Peking University Cancer Hospital. Surgical margins were stated negative, positive, apex positive, basal positive. Dichotomous logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the age, total prostate volume, biopsy positive cores, D’Amico risk classification, tumor pathology stage, Gleason score, tPSA, f/tPSA and pelvic lymph nodes metastasis with the PSMs.Results:PSMs were detected in 97 cases, including 78 cases with positive apex, 51 cases with positive basal, and 83 cases with negative margin, the PSMs proportion was 53.9%. In univariable analysis, pT 3b( OR=6.871, P=0.010), pT 4( OR=12.13, P<0.05), Gleason≥8( OR=4.989, P=0.005), pelvic lymph nodes metastasis( OR=9.516, P=0.043) associated with higher proportion of PSMs. In multivariable analysis, pT 3b( OR=5.782, P=0.030), pT 4( OR=10.15, P<0.05), Gleason≥8( OR=11.13, P=0.012) were the independent factors positively associated with higher proportion of PSMs. In univariable analysis, pT 3b( OR=4.040, P=0.026), Gleason≥8( OR=2.390, P=0.010) associated with higher proportion of apex positive. In multivariable analysis, Gleason≥8 ( OR=1.980, P=0.030) was the only independent factor associated with higher proportion of apex positive. In univariable analysis, D’Amico high risk ( OR=1.847, P=0.035), pT 4 ( OR=1.780, P=0.001) associated with higher proportion of basal positive. In multivariable analysis, D’Amico high risk ( OR=1.540, P=0.041) was the only independent factor associated with higher proportion of basal positive. Conclusions:In patients radical prostatectomy, pathology staging and Gleason score were associated with positive surgical margins.Gleason score was associated with positive apex margins, and D’Amico risk classification was associated with positive basal margins.

Objective:To explore the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with partial nephrectomy in the treatment of cystic renal masses.Methods:The 19 patients with cystic renal masses undergoing laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with partial nephrectomy from November 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 6 females. The average age was 46.2 years. The mean body mass index was (25.8±3.1) kg/m 2. The masses located in the left kidney in 7 cases and the right kidney in 12 cases. The ECOG scores were 0. The mean maximum diameter of the tumors was (2.8±1.3) cm. Five cases were diagnosed with Bosniak Ⅲ and 14 cases with Bosniak Ⅳ. According to R. E.N.A.L. scoring, 11 cases were of low difficulty (4-6 points), 7 cases of medium difficulty (7-9 points) and 1 case of high difficulty (10-12 points). The cystic renal masses were ablated by laparoscopic microwave ablation, then followed by partial nephrectomy. Postoperative complications were observed and the prognosis was assessed by CT or MRI. Results:The mean duration of operation was (84.0±20.8) min. The median intraoperative blood loss was 20 (10-50) ml. The median duration of postoperative hospitalization was 3 (2-6) d, and no complications such as bleeding, infection, gross hematuria or urine leakage were observed. According to the malignant degree of cystic renal masses, the patients were divided into low-risk group and high-risk group. The patients with benign cystic kidney tumors or with low biological malignancy were considered as the low-risk group, while the patients with high malignant pathology were considered as the high-risk group. In the low-risk group, there were 4 patients, including 1 patient with papillary adenoma, 1 patient with renal angiomyolipoma, 1 patient with low-grade malignant potential multilocular cystic renal tumor, and 1 patient with renal chromophobe carcinoma (stage T 1a). In the high-risk group, there were 15 cases, including 14 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (AJCC pathological stage: T 1a stage 11 cases, T 1b stage 3 cases; WHO/ISUP classification: 7 cases in grade 1, 6 cases in grade 2, and 1 case in grade 3); 1 case of Type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (stage T 1b, grade 2). The median follow-up was 20 months (12-37 months). Both groups survived, and no signs of tumor recurrence, implantation or metastasis were found in chest and abdomen imaging. Blood tests were performed regularly, and no significant abnormalities occurred. Conclusions:The safety and efficacy of laparoscopic microwave ablation combined with partial nephrectomy for the treatment of cystic renal masses is satisfactory, and postoperative pathology is clear, providing a potential option for cystic renal masses treatment.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between SUVmax on preoperative 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients treated with radical prostatectomy. Methods: The clinicopahtological data of patients evaluated with ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET-CT preoperatively and treated with radical prostatectomy between May 2016 and August 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. 31 patients with a mean age (63.1±4.9) and baseline PSA (72.71±173.15)ng/ml were enrolled. Their BMI mean (24.6±3.0)kg/m². Baseline testosterone of 14 patients was (4.72±1.64)ng/ml.Based on the Gleason scores related ISUP classification, all patients were classified into grade one in 5 cases, grade 2in 7 cases, grade 3 in 4 cases, grade 4 in 10 cases and grade 5 in 5 cases. The clinical classification included 6 cases in T_2a stage, 2 cases in T_2b stage, 17 cases in T_2c stage, 1 case in T_3a stage, 4 cases in T_3b stage and 1 case in T₄ stage. SUVmax was accessed by two independent professional nuclear medicine physicians. SUVmax was 12.49±9.38. SPSS 16.0 software was used to do statistic analysis. Results: The post-operative pathological results showed the surgical margin positive in 19 cases, negative in 12 cases, vascular positive in 5 cases, negative in 20 case, positive nerve invasion in 20 cases and negative in 11 cases. 2 patients were low risk, 7 patients were medium risk and 22 patients were high risk according to D′Amico classification. Based on the basis of PSA(≤10 or>10) and Gleason score(≤6 or>6), 6 patients were in group with low PSA and low Gleason score, 5 patients were low PSA and high Gleason score, 9 patients were high PSA and low Gleason score, 11 patients were high PSA and high Gleason score. SUVmax had a significant positive relationship with pathological ISUP(r=0.434, P=0.015) and SUVmax in patients with positive intravascular tumor emboli was significantly higher than those with negative intravascular tumor emboli(14.78±10.68 vs. 8.17±2.81, P=0.005). No significant correlation was found between SUVmax and baseline PSA, testosterone, pathologic T stage, surgical margin, nerve invasion, pelvic lymph node status as well as risk stratification. SUVmax could distinguish pathologic ISUP grade 5 with a maximum AUC 0.747 (P=0.033) and the sensitivity was 88.9%. The specificity was 77.3% when SUVmax≥11.34. SUVmax in patients with upgrading ISUP was significantly higher than that in patients with downgrading ISUP (16.01±5.40 vs. 4.98±2.11, P=0.007). Conclusions SUVmax measured on preoperative ⁶⁸Ga-PSMA PET-CT may have a clinical significance in predicting unfavorable pathological factors for patients treated with radical prostatectomy.

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV patients combined with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 112 COVID-19 patients with CVD admitted to the western district of Union Hospital in Wuhan, from January 20, 2020 to February 15, 2020. They were divided into critical group (ICU, n=16) and general group (n=96) according to the severity of the disease and patients were followed up to the clinical endpoint. The observation indicators included total blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), arterial blood gas analysis, myocardial injury markers, coagulation function, liver and kidney function, electrolyte, procalcitonin (PCT), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), blood lipid, pulmonary CT and pathogen detection. Results: Compared with the general group, the lymphocyte count (0.74×10⁹ (0.34×10⁹, 0.94×10⁹)/L vs. 0.99×10⁹ (0.71×10⁹, 1.29×10⁹)/L, P=0.03) was extremely lower in the critical group, CRP (106.98 (81.57, 135.76) mg/L vs. 34.34 (9.55,76.54) mg/L, P<0.001) and PCT (0.20 (0.15,0.48) μg/L vs. 0.11 (0.06,0.20)μg/L, P<0.001) were significantly higher in the critical group. The BMI of the critical group was significantly higher than that of the general group (25.5 (23.0, 27.5) kg/m² vs. 22.0 (20.0, 24.0) kg/m², P=0.003). Patients were further divided into non-survivor group (17, 15.18%) group and survivor group (95, 84.82%). Among the non-survivors, there were 88.24% (15/17) patients with BMI> 25 kg/m², which was significantly higher than that of survivors (18.95% (18/95), P<0.001). Compared with the survived patients, oxygenation index (130 (102, 415) vs. 434 (410, 444), P<0.001) was significantly lower and lactic acid (1.70 (1.30, 3.00) mmol/L vs. 1.20 (1.10, 1.60) mmol/L, P<0.001) was significantly higher in the non-survivors. There was no significant difference in the proportion of ACEI/ARB medication between the critical group and the general group or between non-survivors and survivors (all P>0.05). Conclusion COVID-19 patients combined with CVD are associated with a higher risk of mortality. Critical patients are characterized with lower lymphocyte counts. Higher BMI are more often seen in critical patients and non-survivor. ACEI/ARB use does not affect the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 combined with CVD. Aggravating causes of death include fulminant inflammation, lactic acid accumulation and thrombotic events.

Objective:To evaluate lower facial profile in females in different skeletal patterns.Methods:Investigation pictures of three females with beautiful lower facial profiles from Department of Orthodontics, Henan Stomatological Hospital were collected. The skeletal patterns of these females were classified as average, low and high angle, respectively.Upper lip process point (UL) was moved backwards horizontally to reach towards the E line and go even further gradually in above pictures. The distance changed according to E line was defined as DE value. If UL was in front of E line,DE value was denoted as positive, or else negative. Collectively, we obtained 30 pictures (10 pictures in each skeletal facial type) with different DE values (-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 mm), which were divided into average, low and high angle group according to the skeletal facial type. The pictures were evaluated by 144 randomly-selected adult orthodontic patients [66 males, 78 females, aged (29.4±7.7) years] who visited Department of Orthodontics, Henan Stomatological Hospital from June to September, 2019 and 138 orthodontists (including qualified orthodontists and postgraduate orthodontic students [60 males, 78 females, aged (32.2±7.1) years] who participated orthodontics conferences in Henan Stomatological Hospital in June, 2019. The acceptance rate was calculated and rate above 60% was deemed as acceptable DE range. Evaluators were also asked to choose the most esthetic profiles for the best DE value in each skeletal facial type.Data discrepancy was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis and chi-square test. Results:Most accepted DE was -2 mm among total investigators including orthodonticpatients and orthodontists. There was no difference in total acceptance rate between orthodontists and patients ( P>0.05). There was statistic difference in total acceptance rate in different skeletal patterns between orthodontic patients and orthodontists ( P<0.05). In total investigators, total acceptance rate was 62.1% (1 752/2 820) in average angle group, 55.4%(1 563/2 820) in high angle group and 33.5%(946/2 820) in low angle group, respectively. Acceptable DE range in three facial types was -4~2 mm (average angle), -2~2 mm (high angle) and -2~-1 mm (low angle), respectively. Conclusions:According to the evaluation of both orthodontic patients and orthodontists, the best DE was-2 mm.Total acceptance rate and acceptable DE range ranked first in average angle group, second in high angle group and third in low angle group.

Objective: To discuss the application experience and predictive value of circulating tumor cells for urothelial carcinoma. Methods: The clinical data of 96 patients with urothelial carcinoma treated by Beijing Cancer Hospital Urologic Department between September 2017 and September 2019 were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate relationship between the number of CTCs and pathological outcome. The mean age of the entire cohort was 62(40-87)years, with 74 males and 22 females. There were 13 cases of upper urinary tract tumors (pyelocarcinoma and ureteral carcinoma), 83 cases of bladder carcinoma, and 12 cases of lymph node metastasis. There were 77 cases of primary onset and 19 cases of recurrence. 68 cases in single focus group and 28 cases in multiple group. There were 29 cases in non infiltrative T_a stage, 42 cases in infiltrative lamina propria T₁ stage, 16 cases in infiltrative muscle T₂ stage, and 9 cases in extra-muscular≥T₃ stage. At least 3ml of peripheral blood was collected after fasting for at least 8 hours, After cleavage and centrifugation, immunomagnetic beads were added, folate probe was added, and then amplification was carried out. Then the copy number of CTCs in each ml of blood was calculated. Logistic linear regression was used to analyze the risk factors of lymph node metastasis. Results: The mean CNC of all patients was 12.3±7.3; the mean CNC of ≤62 years old group was 10.8±4.2; the mean CNC of >62 years old group was 13.7±9.2; the mean CNC of initial cases was 11.5±5.3; the mean CNC of recurrent cases was 15.5±12.2. Age (P=0.135) and frequency of onset (P=0.087) had no effect on the number of CTCs. The average CNC of single focus group was 10.5±5.2, multiple focus group was 16.5±9.7, T_a stage group was 8.2±2.3, T₁ stage group was 12.0±4.4, T₂ stage group was 16.4±6.8, and ≥T₃ stage group was 19.5±16.6. The number of lesions (P<0.001) was significantly correlated with pathological T stage (P<0.001) and the number of CTCs. Univariate regression analysis showed that T stage (P<0.001) and the number of CTCs (P=0.02) might be correlated with lymph node metastasis; multivariate analysis showed that only T stage could be used as an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis (P=0.002). Conclusions CTCs can be used to predict lymph node metastasis of urothelial carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the application of single-molecule PCR (SM-PCR) in the detection of plasma ctDNA for the treat-ment of patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: In total, 30 patients diagnosed with advanced lung adenocarcinoma were enrolled between June 2017 and May 2018. ctDNA fragments of the target genes (EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, ALK, HER2, and TP53) from the blood samples were enriched by SM-PCR, and DNA libraries were prepared. Finally, a high-throughput sequencing was performed. The EGFR detection of tumor tissue samples was performed using real-time fluorescence PCR based on the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and consistency in the results of EGFR mutation detection in the plasma and tissue was compared. Results:The results of both the methods were consistent (Kappa=0.867, P<0.001). The McNemar's test also indicated that the results are not statistically different (P=0.500). Conclusions: SM-PCR can be used for the detection of plasma EGFR mutations. The target detection sites are more comprehensive and multiple mutations can be detected at the same time. Results of the analysis are more precise and can be absolutely quantified.