Stem cells are a kind of cells with the ability of self-renewal and differentiation, which can differentiate into melanocytes to fill the areas of pigment loss in damaged skin, fight against the apoptosis of melanocytes caused by autoimmunity and oxidative stress damage, and improve repigmentation rates in combination with traditional therapies. Studies have shown significant efficacy of stem cell therapy in the repigmentation of vitiligo. This review summarizes the latest advances in the basic and clinical research on the application of stem cells in the treatment of vitiligo.

Stem cells are a kind of cells with the ability of self-renewal and differentiation, which can differentiate into melanocytes to fill the areas of pigment loss in damaged skin, fight against the apoptosis of melanocytes caused by autoimmunity and oxidative stress damage, and improve repigmentation rates in combination with traditional therapies. Studies have shown significant efficacy of stem cell therapy in the repigmentation of vitiligo. This review summarizes the latest advances in the basic and clinical research on the application of stem cells in the treatment of vitiligo.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and economics of ertapenem in the treatment of infectious diseases by means of rapid health technology assessment.Methods:The relevant databases and health technology assessment websites (up to July 31, 2023) were searched to collect the meta-analyses and economic literature on the efficacy, safety, and economics of ertapenem and other antibacterial drugs in the treatment of infectious diseases. The quality of meta-analyses and economic researches were evaluated by a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews and consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards, respectively. The patients were divided into ertapenem group and control group (using other antibacterial drugs). The outcome indicators of meta-analysis (clinical cure rate, bacterial clearance rate) and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the 2 groups. The economic research were cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-consequence analysis. The relevant results were described qualitatively.Results:A total of 13 literature were enrolled, including 7 systematic reviews/meta-analyses (4 of high-quality, 3 of medium quality) and 6 pharmacoeconomics literature (4 of high quality, 2 of medium quality). There were no significant differences on the clinical cure rate and bacterial clearance rate for complex abdominal infection, community-acquired pneumonia, complex skin and appendage infection between the ertapenem group and the control group (all P>0.05). The clinical cure rate of severe diabetic foot infection in the ertapenem group was lower than that in the piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium group [91.5% (119/130) vs. 97.2% (139/143), P=0.04]. The bacterial clearance rate of complicated urinary tract infection in the ertapenem group was higher than that in the ceftriaxone group [98.71% (305/309) vs. 95.45% (273/286), P=0.03]. The incidence of adverse reactions (elevated transaminase and alkaline phosphatase or elevated platelet count) in patients with complex abdominal infection in the ertapenem group was higher than that in the control group [8.96% (68/759) vs. 6.49 %(50/771), P<0.05]. The incidence of adverse reactions after ertapenem treatment for complex infections (community-acquired pneumonia, complicated urinary tract infection and complex abdominal infection) was higher than that in ceftriaxone treatment with or without metronidazole group [10.62% (163/1 535) vs. 7.89% (91/1 153), P=0.02]. The incidence of diarrhea in patients with diabetic foot infection in the ertapenem group was lower than that in the piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium group [8.14% (24/295) vs. 14.09% (41/291), P=0.02]. It was more cost-effective using ertapenem than using piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium, ceftriaxone in treatment of complex abdominal infection, diabetic foot infection, complicated urinary tract infection, community-acquired pneumonia, etc. Conclusions:The efficacy of ertapenem in treatment for complex abdominal infection, community-acquired pneumonia and complex skin and appendage infection are similar to that of commonly used antibiotics in clinic, and the bacterial clearance rate in treatment for complicated urinary tract infection was higher than that of ceftriaxone. There are differences in the incidence of adverse reactions in complex abdominal infection, community-acquired pneumonia, complicated urinary tract infection, and diabetic foot infection between the 2 groups. The use of ertapenem can reduce the cost of drug treatment and has economic advantages.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and economics of ertapenem in the treatment of infectious diseases by means of rapid health technology assessment.Methods:The relevant databases and health technology assessment websites (up to July 31, 2023) were searched to collect the meta-analyses and economic literature on the efficacy, safety, and economics of ertapenem and other antibacterial drugs in the treatment of infectious diseases. The quality of meta-analyses and economic researches were evaluated by a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews and consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards, respectively. The patients were divided into ertapenem group and control group (using other antibacterial drugs). The outcome indicators of meta-analysis (clinical cure rate, bacterial clearance rate) and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the 2 groups. The economic research were cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-consequence analysis. The relevant results were described qualitatively.Results:A total of 13 literature were enrolled, including 7 systematic reviews/meta-analyses (4 of high-quality, 3 of medium quality) and 6 pharmacoeconomics literature (4 of high quality, 2 of medium quality). There were no significant differences on the clinical cure rate and bacterial clearance rate for complex abdominal infection, community-acquired pneumonia, complex skin and appendage infection between the ertapenem group and the control group (all P>0.05). The clinical cure rate of severe diabetic foot infection in the ertapenem group was lower than that in the piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium group [91.5% (119/130) vs. 97.2% (139/143), P=0.04]. The bacterial clearance rate of complicated urinary tract infection in the ertapenem group was higher than that in the ceftriaxone group [98.71% (305/309) vs. 95.45% (273/286), P=0.03]. The incidence of adverse reactions (elevated transaminase and alkaline phosphatase or elevated platelet count) in patients with complex abdominal infection in the ertapenem group was higher than that in the control group [8.96% (68/759) vs. 6.49 %(50/771), P<0.05]. The incidence of adverse reactions after ertapenem treatment for complex infections (community-acquired pneumonia, complicated urinary tract infection and complex abdominal infection) was higher than that in ceftriaxone treatment with or without metronidazole group [10.62% (163/1 535) vs. 7.89% (91/1 153), P=0.02]. The incidence of diarrhea in patients with diabetic foot infection in the ertapenem group was lower than that in the piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium group [8.14% (24/295) vs. 14.09% (41/291), P=0.02]. It was more cost-effective using ertapenem than using piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium, ceftriaxone in treatment of complex abdominal infection, diabetic foot infection, complicated urinary tract infection, community-acquired pneumonia, etc. Conclusions:The efficacy of ertapenem in treatment for complex abdominal infection, community-acquired pneumonia and complex skin and appendage infection are similar to that of commonly used antibiotics in clinic, and the bacterial clearance rate in treatment for complicated urinary tract infection was higher than that of ceftriaxone. There are differences in the incidence of adverse reactions in complex abdominal infection, community-acquired pneumonia, complicated urinary tract infection, and diabetic foot infection between the 2 groups. The use of ertapenem can reduce the cost of drug treatment and has economic advantages.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacological components and mechanism of Qingre huoxue decoction in improving myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury（MIRI）. METHODS Forty-two rats were randomly divided into sham operation group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， Qingre huoxue decoction low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （4.94， 9.88， 19.79 g/kg），Qingre huoxue decoction drug-containing serum group （19.79 g/kg） and blank serum group （normal saline）， with 6 rats in each group. Each group was given corresponding drug/normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 2 weeks. Twelve hours after last administration， except for serum groups， MIRI model was induced in other groups （only threading without ligation in sham operation group）. After modeling， cardiac histopathology was observed and apoptosis level was detected. UPLC-MS was used to analyze the samples in Qingre huoxue decoction drug-containing serum group and blank serum group. The main pharmacological components were screened with the help of relevant databases. Multivariate statistical methods were used to analyze the differential metabolites and related metabolic pathways. Validation test was performed based on oxidative stress indicators. RESULTS Qingre huoxue decoction could improve the pathological injury of cardiac tissue and decrease apoptosis rate of cardiac cells in MIRI model rats （P＜0.05）. Qingre huoxue decoction drug-containing serum contained 20 main pharmacological components such as baicalin， succinic acid， baicalein， cryptotanshinone， isoferulic acid， protocatechuic aldehyde. Qingre huoxue decoction could significantly up-regulate the levels of 15 metabolites including L-arginine， L-arginine， citric acid， glutathione， β-D- glucose and L-carnitine， and down-regulated the levels of 14 metabolites including arachidonic acid， 3-phosphate-d-glycerol phosphate， linoleic acid， docosahexaenoic acid， phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine （P＜0.05）. These metabolites were mainly involved in energy metabolism， inflammatory injury， oxidative stress and autophagy. Results of validation tests showed that Qingre huoxue decoction could significantly reduce the levels of malondialdehyde， and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase （except for low-dose group） and glutathione peroxidase significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Qingre huoxue decoction can improve the injury of cardiac tissue in MIRI model rats. Its pharmacological components include baicalin， cryptotanshinone， isoferulic acid， protocatechualdehyde， etc. Furthermore， it may play a protective role in MIRI by improving myocardial energy metabolism， down-regulating oxidative stress， inhibiting inflammation infiltration.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the surgery-first approach in sequential combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment to shorten total treatment duration and improve the clinical outcome. Methods: This study included 185 patients with Angle classⅢ malocclusion. The patients were divided into 3 different types according to cephalometry analyses and facial features. ①Type Ⅰ: mandibular prognathism or asymmetry mandibular prognathism; ②Type Ⅱ: mandibular prognathism and maxillary retrusion; ③ Type Ⅲ: mild Angle′s Class Ⅲ malocclusion, cross bite in anterior teeth, or normal overlap and overbite relation with midfacial hypoplasia. All of patients received surgery first approach therapy. The surgical procedures were chosen according to different malformation types. Type Ⅰ was treated with the sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Type Ⅱ was treated by Le Fort Ⅰmaxillary osteotomy combined with SSRO. Type Ⅲ underwent anterior subapical osteotomy combined pyriform aperture augmentation with biomaterials as well as maxillary anterior orthodontics. All patients received postoperative rapid orthodontic treatment for 6-12 month after 2 weeks of operation. Using the straight arch wire techniques and the class Ⅲ intermaxillary traction, we removed the overcrowding upper and lower teeth, the compensatory axial tilt of teeth, and the deviation of the dental arch and maintained the neutral relationship of the molar. The mandible Hawley retaining devices were used during the maintaining stage. Results: The cases in study acquired satisfactory clinical outcome, which included the shortened overall treatment duration, the significantly improved facial features, the corrected occlusion relationship, and the restored function of mastication and temporomandibular joint. There were some complications as follows: intraoperative fracture (6 cases, 3.24%), the inferior alveolar nerve bundle injury (2 cases, 1.1%), and temporary open-bite that diminished by inter-maxillary elastic distraction one month after operation (19 cases, 10%). All cases in this study accepted postoperative orthodontic treatment. Follow-up time ranged from 6 months to 5 years. The cephalometric analysis results of 126 cases who had complete image data and over 6 months of follow-up showed that hard and soft tissue indexes were restored to normal range after combined orthognathic-orthodontic treatment. The stability of the maxillary and occlusive relationship of SFA(surgery-first approach) was similar to that of the COS(conventional orthodontics-first system) [relapse ratio=(T2-T1)/(T1-T0)×100%]. Over six months of follow-up , SNB and ANB showed that the average relapse ratio were 22% and 19.8%, whereas the relapse angle are less than 2°. Conclusions The Surgery-first approach could be used to treat most patients with Angle skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion, but the indications and the surgical procedures should be noticed and chosen.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety of Yupingfeng powder in adjavant therapy of allergic rhinitis,and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from Wanfang database,VIP,CJFD,CBM,Cochrane Library,EMBase and PubMed,RCTs about Yupingfeng powder combined with chemical medicine (trial group)vs. chemical medicine alone in the treatment of allergic rhinitis were collected. Meta-analysis was conducted by using Rev Man 5.2 statistical software after data extraction and quality evaluation according to Cochrane system evaluation method 5.1.0. RESULTS:A total of 15 RCTs were included,invovling 1366 patients. The results of Meta analysis showed that response rate [OR=3.95,95%CI(2.80,5.58),P<0.001],recurrence rate [OR=0.37,95%CI(0.22,0.63),P<0.001] and the incidence of ADR [OR=0.15,95%CI(0.06,0.35),P<0.001] in trial group were significantly higher than control group,with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS:Yupingfeng powder in adjuvant therapy of allergic rhinitis show good therapeutic efficacy and can reduce recur-rence rate with good safety.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) on neurological functions and nerve cell apoptosis in rats with acute cerebral infarction.Methods Seventy-two adult male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,model group and treatment group (n=24).Middle cerebral artery infarction models in the later two groups were constructed by Longa method.Rats in treatment group were treated with 2ME2 (24 mg/kg) daily for 7 d,while rats in the sham-operated group and model group with physiological saline.Bederson standard scale was adopted to analyze the nerve function defect 7 d after operation.Caspase-3 protein expression in the rat brain tissues was analyzed by Western blotting and apoptosis index was analyzed by TUNEL.Results As compared with those in the model group (2.015±0.871),Bederson standard scale scores in the treatment group (1.235±0.849) were significantly lower (P＜0.05);as compared with the sham-operated group (0.286±0.160,7.8 ±6.9),the model group and treatment group had significantly increased Caspase-3 protein level and apoptosis index (P＜0.05),while Caspase-3 protein level and apoptosis index in treatment group (0.615±0.185,27.8±6.4) were significantlylower than those in the model group (1.109±0.224,34.9±5.9,P＜0.05).Conclusion 2ME2 can improve the neurological function,reduce the level of apoptosis in rat brain nerve cells and has a protective effect on nerve.

Objective To study the expression of RhoA and C-myc in gastric carcinoma , and to discuss the action in infiltration and metastasis of gastric carcinoma as well as their dependability. Methods RhoA protein expression and C-myc protein expression were detected by immunohistochemical method in 46 cases of gastric carcinoma and 20 cases of normal tissues..RhoA protein expression was compared with clinical pathologic parameters as related to C-myc. Results The positive rate of RhoA,C-myc were significantly higher in gastric carcinoma than in normal tissue (P < 0.05). The expression of RhoA and C-myc were associated with the loss of tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and deep invasion (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between RhoA and C-myc (r=0.62, P<0.05). Conclusions The data suggests that the expression level of RhoA protein was closely related to biological behavior of gastric carcinoma. RhoA and C-myc were possibly both correlated with the infiltration and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To summarize the experience of totally endoscopic thyroidectomy (TET) in treating differentiated thyroid carcinoma and to evaluate its feasibility, safety and the therapeutic result.Methods The clinical data of 25 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated with TET via the areola of breast or by axillary approach from November 2004 to July 2009 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Result TET procedures were successfully performed in all 25 cases. Postoperative pathology confirmed that 23 cases were of papillary cancer and the other 2 were follicle cancer. Lobectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy were performed in 11and 14 cases respectively. In 7 cases additional lymph node dissection was performed.All the cases were followed-up, ranging from 5 to 58 months, with a median of 28 months. No recurrence was found during this period. There was no morbidity nor major complications and patients were all satisfied with the cosmetic effect. Conclusion Totally endoscopic thyroidectomy (TET) is curative, safe and cosmetic therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.