BACKGROUND:Understanding the characteristics and influencing factors of the gut microbiota in athletes can help determine the optimal gut microbial composition for relevant sport events.Further investigation in this area could provide important insights for improving athletic performance and recovery as well as developing personalized nutrition prescriptions.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the characteristics of gut microbiota in athletes,and to elucidate the important factors influencing the gut microbiota characteristics of athletes from the perspectives of exercise training and dietary intake.METHODS:A literature search was conducted using the PubMed,ScienceDirect,CNKI,WanFang and VIP databases for publications from 2004 to 2024.The search terms included"microbiota,microbiome,athlete,exercise,training,diet,nutrition,dietary fiber,protein,ketogenic,fat"in English and Chinese.After excluding studies of poor quality and irrelevant content,a total of 65 articles were included for review and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The gut microbiota of elite athletes differs from that of the general population,characterized by increased α-diversity,elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio,increased abundance of beneficial bacteria,and enrichment of functional pathways contributing to athletic performance.(2)The type of sport and training load are closely related to the species structure and functional expression of the gut microbiota in athletes.(3)The bidirectional communication between the host and gut microbiota mediated by metabolites is an important mechanism by which exercise influences the gut microbiota.(4)Phase training typically induces adaptive changes in the gut microbiota,and alterations in the structure or function of the microbiota have lasting effects.(5)The type,quantity,and combination of macronutrients intake can significantly influence the structure and function of the gut microbiota,and interact synergistically or antagonistically with exercise training.(6)In the future,it is important to continue the exploration of the gut microbiota in athletes,clarify causal relationships,and establish new targets for exercise training interventions.

BACKGROUND:Understanding the characteristics and influencing factors of the gut microbiota in athletes can help determine the optimal gut microbial composition for relevant sport events.Further investigation in this area could provide important insights for improving athletic performance and recovery as well as developing personalized nutrition prescriptions.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the characteristics of gut microbiota in athletes,and to elucidate the important factors influencing the gut microbiota characteristics of athletes from the perspectives of exercise training and dietary intake.METHODS:A literature search was conducted using the PubMed,ScienceDirect,CNKI,WanFang and VIP databases for publications from 2004 to 2024.The search terms included"microbiota,microbiome,athlete,exercise,training,diet,nutrition,dietary fiber,protein,ketogenic,fat"in English and Chinese.After excluding studies of poor quality and irrelevant content,a total of 65 articles were included for review and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The gut microbiota of elite athletes differs from that of the general population,characterized by increased α-diversity,elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio,increased abundance of beneficial bacteria,and enrichment of functional pathways contributing to athletic performance.(2)The type of sport and training load are closely related to the species structure and functional expression of the gut microbiota in athletes.(3)The bidirectional communication between the host and gut microbiota mediated by metabolites is an important mechanism by which exercise influences the gut microbiota.(4)Phase training typically induces adaptive changes in the gut microbiota,and alterations in the structure or function of the microbiota have lasting effects.(5)The type,quantity,and combination of macronutrients intake can significantly influence the structure and function of the gut microbiota,and interact synergistically or antagonistically with exercise training.(6)In the future,it is important to continue the exploration of the gut microbiota in athletes,clarify causal relationships,and establish new targets for exercise training interventions.

Objective To construct prognostic model of disulfidptosis-related LncRNA (DRLncs) and explore the mechanism of LncRNA-small nucleolar RNA host genes（SNHG4） in promoting the progression of gastric cancer. Methods The multi-omics features of disulfidptosis genes in gastric cancer were first analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) database. DRLncs were further screened, and disulfidptosis related gene recurrence score (DRG-RS) model was constructed to predict the overall survival(OS) and correlation with the clinical characteristics of gastric cancer patients. Differential gene analysis, functional enrichment and the correlation between chemotherapy efficacy in high- and low-risk groups were analyzed. Cell-counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and migration assay confirmed that LncRNA-SNHG4 promoted the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer cells. Western Blotting assay was used to detect the signaling pathway regulated by LncRNA-SNHG4. Results DRG-RS model including 8 DRLncs was successfully constructed, showing good performance in predicting OS of the patients with gastric cancer. DRG-RS model was significantly correlated with tumor-related signaling pathways, clinical characteristics and drug sensitivity of gastric cancer patients. LncRNA-SNHG4 expression was significantly increased in gastric cancer. LncRNA-SNHG4 promoted the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells. LncRNA-SNHG4 promoted the activation of Wnt signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells. Conclusions The DRG-RS model constructed in our study can stratify the prognosis of gastric cancer, and is closely related to malignant characteristics and chemotherapy efficacy of gastric cancer patients. The expression of LncRNA-SNHG4 significantly increased in gastric cancer tissues, and LncRNA-SNHG4 promoted the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer cells through the Wnt signaling pathway, suggesting that LncRNA-SNHG4 may play an important role in the progression of gastric cancer.

Objective:To describe the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with primary pleural diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL),in order to enhance the understanding of primary pleural DLBCL in clinical practice. Methods:The clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with primary pleural DLBCL was reported,and the related literatures were reviewed. Results:The patient complained of chest tightness and shortness of breath for over a year,and chest CT showed left pleural effusion and thickening of the left pleura.Thoracoscopic examination revealed extensive adhesions in the parietal pleura of the chest cavity,diffuse congestion of the parietal pleura,and multiple cauliflower-like new organisms.The pathological biopsy of the pleura diagnosed(left pleural mass)as DLBCL.After diagnosis,R-CHOP combined with Zebutinib treatment was performed for 4 cycles,and mid-term evaluation of chest CT showed significant regression of the tumor. Conclusion:Primary pleural DLBCL is a rare disease.It is easily to be misdiagnosed due to non-specific clinical and imaging manifestations.The final diagnosis depends ultimately on pathological biopsy,and thoracoscopy is the most effective method to confirm DLBCL.

Objective The poor sleep quality of epileptic patients may be partly due to the occurrence epileptiform discharges (EDs).We observed the number of interictal discharges in each sleep stage and explored the associations between EDs and sleep phases in epilepsy patients.Methods Two hundred and forty epileptic patients and 213 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the current study.For all subjects,video-electroencephalogram monitoring and 24 h-night polysomnography were conducted to detect EDs and analyze the sleep structures.Results EDs were detected in 88.7％ (213/240) of epilepsy patients with the most frequent cases from the temporal lobe.The EDs detected during waking,sleeping,or both waking and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stage accounted for 20.6％ (44/213),40.4％ (86/213),and 38.9％ (83/213) of the total patients,respectively.The total sleep time and time spent in REM were similar between the epileptic patients and healthy volunteers.However,epileptic patients spent a significantly longer mean sleep time in NREM Ⅰ-Ⅱ ((304 ±39) min versus (225 ±29) min,t =3.51,P =0.000) and less in NREM Ⅲ-Ⅳ ((49 ± 7) min versus (133 ± 17) min,t =2.30,P =0.000) than healthy volunteers.Furthermore,asymmetric sleep spindles and fragmentary sleep structure as well as high inversion frequency were found in epilepsy patients,respectively.Conclusion Combination of long-term video electroencephalogram with polysomnography is a useful method to analyze associations between EDs and the sleep-wake cycle.This strategy can also help identify the nature of sleep disorders in epileptic patients,which may improve the treatment efficacy.