Objective To analyze the influencing factors of postoperative hypoxemia after whole lung lavage (WLL) in patients with pneumoconiosis and to evaluate the predictive value of lung ultrasound scores. Methods A total of 757 patients with pneumoconiosis who underwent unilateral large-volume WLL were selected as the research subjects by continuous sampling method. The patients with hypoxemia after large-volume WLL were assigned to the observation group (82 cases), and those without hypoxemia were assigned to the control group (675 cases). Patients′ basic information and clinical data of the two groups were collected using a retrospective investigation method. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of hypoxemia after large-volume WLL in patients with pneumoconiosis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to assess the predictive value of ultrasound indicators. Results The combined rate of postoperative hypoxemia in the patients was 10.8% (82/757). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of hypoxemia in patients aged ≥65 years was higher than that in patients aged <65 years (P<0.05). The risk of hypoxemia was higher in patients with increased pre-extubation lung ultrasound score than those with lower pre-extubation lung ultrasound score (P<0.01). Patients with a higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO₂) had a higher risk of concurrent hypoxemia than those with a lower pressure (P<0.01), while patients with lower arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) had a higher risk of concurrent hypoxemia than those with higher PaO₂ (P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that lung ultrasound scores were negatively correlated with PaO₂ and positively correlated with PaCO₂ (both P<0.01). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.855, the 95% confidence interval was 0.828 to 0.879, the diagnostic sensitivity was 84.2%, and the specificity was 75.1%. Conclusion Age, pre-extubation lung ultrasound score, and PaCO₂ are risk factors for hypoxemia after WLL in patients with pneumoconiosis, while PaO₂ is a protective factor. Pre-extubation lung ultrasound scoring demonstrates good accuracy in predicting postoperative hypoxemia among pneumoconiosis patients after WLL.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) involving the ureter manifested as a ureteral tumor is rare. This paper reports a case of a female patient who was found with a mass at the left ureteropelvic junction for one week during physical examination. Urinary ultrasound and MRI showed a 3 cm mass at the left ureteropelvic junction with hydronephrosis, and the serum level of IgG4 was elevated. B-ultrasonic guided biopsy of the mass was performed. Histopathological findings showed lymphoplasmic infiltration and the ratio of IgG4/IgG positive cells>0.5. We finally diagnosed IgG4-RD and started using glucocorticoid for her treatment. One month later, CT-scan revealed that the tumor became smaller and the serum IgG4 decreased to the normal range.

Ectopic prostate is rare.This paper reports a case of a male patient who was found a mass in the pelvis for 20 days during physical examination.Urinary ultrasound, CT scan and MRI showed a pelvic mass that was about 4 cm×5 cm in size.Serum total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) was 6.09 ng/ml, and free PSA (fPSA) was 1.97 ng/ml. B-ultrasonic guided biopsy of the prostate and the mass was performed. Pathological findings suggest benign prostatic hyperplasia, weakly positive P504S and positive 34βE12. Pelvic mass is the prostate tissue with negative P504S and positive 34βE12. Finally, the ectopic prostate was diagnosed. Although it is rare, ectopic prostate should also be considered as a differential diagnosis of the pelvic tumor.

Objective: To clinically validate the feasibility and accuracy of cine images acquired through the multitasking method, with no electrocardiogram gating and free-breathing, in measuring left ventricular (LV) function indices by comparing them with those acquired through the balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) method, with multiple breath-holds and electrocardiogram gating. Materials and Methods: Forty-three healthy volunteers (female:male, 30:13; mean age, 23.1 ± 2.3 years) and 36 patients requiring an assessment of LV function for various clinical indications (female:male, 22:14; 57.8 ± 11.3 years) were enrolled in this prospective study. Each participant underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the multiple breath-hold bSSFP method and free-breathing multitasking method. LV function parameters were measured for both MRI methods. Image quality was assessed through subjective image quality scores (1 to 5) and calculation of the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between the myocardium and blood pool. Differences between the two MRI methods were analyzed using the Bland–Altman plot, paired t-test, or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, as appropriate. Results: LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was not significantly different between the two MRI methods (P = 0.222 in healthy volunteers and P = 0.343 in patients). LV end-diastolic mass was slightly overestimated with multitasking in both healthy volunteers (multitasking vs. bSSFP, 60.5 ± 10.7 g vs. 58.0 ± 10.4 g, respectively; P < 0.001) and patients (69.4 ± 18.1 g vs. 66.8 ± 18.0 g, respectively; P = 0.003). Acceptable and comparable image quality was achieved for both MRI methods (multitasking vs. bSSFP, 4.5 ± 0.7 vs. 4.6 ± 0.6, respectively; P = 0.203). The CNR between the myocardium and blood pool showed no significant differences between the two MRI methods (18.89 ± 6.65 vs. 18.19 ± 5.83, respectively; P = 0.480). Conclusion Multitasking-derived cine images obtained without electrocardiogram gating and breath-holding achieved similar image quality and accurate quantification of LVEF in healthy volunteers and patients.

Objective:To investigate the typing and clinical value of posterior group renal calyces.Methods:From April 2020 to June 2021, 640 patients (320 men and 320 women) who underwent CTU examination in our hospital with kidneys on both sides and normal or only mild hydronephrosis in the collecting system were analyzed. A total of 1 280 renal CTU three-dimensional reconstructed images were counted.The patients aged 52.4±11.9 years. The patients' CTU images were reconstructed in three dimensions using the spine as a marker to rotate the collecting system images in stereoscopic space to simulate a prone position. A two-person review was taken to observe the imaging morphology of the renal calyces in the prone position, and the 640 renal calyces in the posterior group of the left and right sides were counted for staging. Based on the morphology of the renal calyces and the influence on the establishment of surgical access, the posterior group of renal calyces was divided into 3 major types. Pot-belly type: the renal pelvis is shaped like a pot-belly, and the renal pelvis is directly connected to the cup-shaped minor calyces without a distinct major renal calyces. Classically branched: 2 or more major renal calyces are branched and converge to form the renal pelvis. Elongated branched: the major calyces are branched, with at least one major calyces having an axis length ≥0.9cm and a neck width ≤0.3cm.The classic branching type is divided into three types, a, b, and c, including seven subtypes, based on the relationship of the posterior group of the minor calyces to the major calyces. Type a is derived from group 1 major calyces only, type b is derived from group 2 major calyces at the same time, and type c is derived from the upper, middle and lower groups of major calyces at the same time. Type a contains 3 subtypes.Type a1 is derived from the upper group of major calyces only, type a2 is derived from the middle group of major calyces only, and type a3 is derived from the lower group of major calyces only. Type b is also divided into 3 subtypes. Type b1 is derived from the upper and middle groups of major calyces at the same time, type b2 is derived from the middle and lower groups of major calyces at the same time, and type b3 for the upper and lower renal major calyces. Type c had no corresponding subtype.Results:Statistical findings revealed that all kidneys had posterior group calyces. The morphological typing of the posterior group of calyces was 8.83% (113/1 280) for the pot-bellied type, which had the highest occurrence of 2 minor calyces (5.63%, 72/1 280). 71.25% (912/1 280) had the classically branched type, which had the highest occurrence of 3 minor calyces (31.17%, 399/1 280). 19.92% (255/1 280) had the elongated branched type, with the highest percentage of 3 occurring in the calyces (9.92%, 127/1 280). The anatomical typing of the classical branching type occurred in 20.50% (187/912) for type a, 66.45% (606/912) for type b, and 13.05% (119 /912) for type c. The percentage of occurrence of type a1/a2/a3 was 4.06% (37/ 912), 6.14% (56/ 912), and 10.31% (94/912). b1/b2/b3 types occurred in 2.03% (21/912), 7.46% (68/912), and 56.69% (517/912), respectively.Conclusions:The posterior group of calyces is structurally complex and extremely variable. In this study, the posterior group calyces were found to be present in all patients, and the posterior group calyces were morphologically divided into 3 types, with the highest percentage of occurrence of the classical branching type and the highest percentage of 3 posterior group minor calyces. The classical branching anatomical typing was highest in type b with the highest percentage of type b3, which combined with stone distribution, made it easy to choose the puncture location. The typing of the posterior group of calyces can provide an anatomical basis for PCNL puncture from the posterior group.

Objective:To Investigate the postoperative sexual function outcomes in patients with bladder cancer who underwent robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC)or laparoscopic radical cystectomy(LRC)followed by orthotopic neobladder reconstruction.Methods:We performed a retrospective review of 84 bladder cancer patients having undergone laparoscopic radical cystectomy(LRC)and robotic-assisted radical cystectomy(RARC)with≥21 IIEF-5 in our institution from Jan 2014 to Jan 2019. All of them were diagnosed as high grade urothelial carcinoma by biopsy or TURBT. Biopsy of the posterior urethra and bladder neck reveal negative result of tumor invasion. Their PSA level was less than 4.0 ng/ml with negative result of DRE. All patients undergone laparoscopic radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder reconstruction by one medical team. 45 patients underwent robotic assistant radical cystectomy(RARC group), and the rest of patients 39 were treated with laparoscopic radical cystectomy(LRC group). In RARC group, the mean age were 53 years old(ranging 50-67 years old)and clinical stage of the tumor was cT 1 in 10 patients, cT 2 in 21 patients and cT 3 in 14 patients. In the LRC group, the mean age were 56 years old(ranging52-65 years old) and the clinical staging of the tumors was 6 patients in cT 1, 23 patients in the cT 2 and 12 patients in the cT 3. The RARC group paid special attention to the protective function of the following surgical details: ①To detect the abdominal organs, reveal the pelvic cavity, observe the blood vessels and ureter, open the perinatal membrane next to the cross of the ureter, along the outer venous veins and closed-hole nerves around the standard or expand the pelvic lymph node cleaning. In this study, the patients who did not have obvious suspected lymph node metastasis were removed within the standard range of the pelvic lymph nodes on both sidesin order to protect the nerves at the pelvic floor as much as possible. ② With the robot 3rd arm lifting the bladder, the peritoneum was opened at the site of seminal vesicle and ampulla of vas deferent duct, which connected to the two sides with the open peritoneum. Along the vasectomy and the sac free, the denonvillier fasica was opened and exposing the back of the prostate. With the third arm pulling down, the umbilical ligament was observe. The peritoneal was opened to the retropubic space so that the prostate region was revealed. Continue to dissect the bladder front space until the pelvic fascia and the osteopathic prostate ligament are exposed. The Hem-o-1oks were used to ligate the bilateral bladder lateral ligaments. The bladder and prostate were removed in the fascia level. The NVB bundle on both sides was kept to the apex of prostate. The urethra was exposed and remove the catheter.With Hem-o-lok clamping, the urethra was dissected in the level of prostatic apex. The distal end of urethral tissue was sent to the rapid freeze pathology examination. In the procedure of prostate removing, parallel prostate fascia excision was considered and pubo-prostatic ligament could be preserved.③ Preserving the bilateral neurovascular bundle (NVB) and try to avoid the damage of NVB. Retaining the bladder lateral ligament neurovascular bundle. Retaining the1.2-1.5 cm urethra and surrounding continent control structure. The cold knife is advocated. Blood vessel clamp can be used to stop bleeding. We compared with operative time, bleeding amount, postoperative hospitalization, IIEF-5 scores and satisfaction of sexual between those groups. Results:All operations were successfully performed without conversion and serious surgical complications. The operative time in the RARC group and LRC group were [(313.5±31.9)min and (276.5±32.3)min, P>0.05] .The intraoperative amount of blood loss and postoperative hospitalization were [(190.1±44.1) ml and (212.3±39.2) ml, P>0.05], [(14.3±2.1) d and (15.2±3.0) d, P>0.05]. There was no significantly difference between the two groups. The median follow-up period of 84 patients was 18 months. The IIEF-5 score of the RARC group was higher than LRC group at 6 months(18.5±1.6 vs.10.6±1.3)and 12 months (18.6±2.4 vs.11.2±1.4) ( P<0.05). In addition, the satisfaction of sexual in the RARC group was relative better than LRC group (both P<0.05) at 6 months[44.4%(20/45)vs.25.6%(10/39)], and 12 months[51.1%(23/45) vs.28.2%(11/39)] post-operation. Conclusion:Robot-assisted radical cystectomy(RARC) and orthotopic neobladder reconstruction revealed relative better recovering in post-operative sexual function and improvements in patient quality of life.

Objective:To compare the injury of renal blood vessels using different puncture pathways and access sizes.Methods:Between April 2018 and June 2019, eighty fresh pig kidneys were selected to perform percutaneous puncture and dilation, which was used to compare the injury of renal blood vessels with different puncture pathways and access sizes. The puncture pathway included the centerline of the normal renal pyramid (A), centreline of one side pyramid of the fused renal pyramid (FRP) (B), midline of the entire FRP (C) and midline of the renal column (D). The access size included F8, F12, F16, F20, F24 and F30. Histopathological methods were used to analyze the injury of renal blood vessels.Results:The puncture through paths A and B mainly caused injury to the grade Ⅴ and Ⅵ arteries in renal cortex. The puncture often directly injures the grade Ⅳ artery in path C. The puncture often simultaneously injures the grade Ⅲ-Ⅵ arteries in path D. Grade Ⅲ artery injury began to occur when paths A, B, C, and D were dilated to F30, F24, F16, and F12, respectively. The degree of arterial injury among the four different puncture pathways was significantly different in F8, F12, F16, F20, F24 and F30 ( P<0.05). Statistical differences were found between paths A and D in F12, F16, F20, F24 and F30 ( P<0.05), and between paths A and C in F16, F20 and F24 ( P<0.05). No significant difference was found between paths A and B in all access sizes ( P>0.05). Compared with F8, the degree of arterial injury of the F30 in path A and the F24 and F30 in path B were increased significantly ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Vascular injury in path D was the most serious followed by that in path C. Relatively little vascular injury can be achieved in paths A and B. The vascular injury increased when the path B was dilated to F24, while the path A needed to be dilated to F30.

With the increasing cost of drug development and clinical trials, it is of great value to make full use of all kinds of data to improve the efficiency of drug development and to provide valid information for medication guidelines. Model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) combines mathematical models with meta-analysis to integrate information from multiple sources (preclinical and clinical data, etc.) and multiple dimensions (targets/mechanisms, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, diseases/indications, populations, regimens, biomarkers/efficacy/safety, etc.), which not only provides decision-making for all key points of drug development, but also provides effective information for rational drug use and cost-effectiveness analysis. The classical meta-analysis requires high homogeneity of the data, while MBMA can combine and analyze the heterogeneous data of different doses, different time courses, and different populations through modeling, so as to quantify the dose-effect relationship, time-effect relationship, and the relevant impact factors, and thus the efficacy or safety features at the level of dose, time and covariable that have not been involved in previous studies. Although the modeling and simulation methods of MBMA are similar to population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (Pop PK/PD), compared with Pop PK/PD, the advantage of MBMA is that it can make full use of literature data, which not only improves the strength of evidence, but also can answer the questions that have not been proved or can not be answered by a single study. At present, MBMA has become one of the important methods in the strategy of model-informed drug development (MIDD). This paper will focus on the application value, data analysis plan, data acquisition and processing, data analysis and reporting of MBMA, in order to provide reference for the application of MBMA in drug development and clinical practice.

Objective To compare the accuracy of placement of ventricular shunt tube,the efficacy and complications of the neuronavigation-assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt (group A) and traditional ventriculoperitoneal shunt (group B).Methods A retrospective study was made on 40 cases of hydrocephalus managed with neuronavigation-assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt or ventriculoperitoneal shunt from January 2012 to June 2016.There were 18 cases [12 males,6 females;(47.5 ±8.5) years of age] in group A and 22 cases [14 males,8 females;(44.5 ± 7.5) years of age] in group B.Therapeutic effect and complications were analyzed postoperatively.The accuracy rate in ventricular end shunt placement that was free from the frontal horn of lateral ventricle and flush the Moro hole had also been studied.Results The position of ventricular shunt of all the patients were postoperative timely review of the CT view,and hospital outpatient follow-up periodical for 3-24 months after discharge from hospital.Patients with postoperative timely review of head CT and found that group A of ventricular end of the shunt tube position reach a set position in 16 cases,2 cases had not reached the set position,the accuracy rate was 88.89％.There were 8 cases in group B reach to the set position and 14 cases did not and the accuracy rate was 36.36％.After the statistical analysis there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The total efficiency of A and B groups (excellent + effective) were 94.4％ and 86.4％ (P ＞ 0.05).Postoperative complications included bleeding,infection,obstruction of the shunt,excessive shunt,shunt insufficiency and so on.During follow-up,group A appeared excessive shunt in 1 case;group B incision infection in 1 case,4 cases of shunt obstruction,excessive shunt in 1 case,2 cases of deficiency of shunt.Two groups of patients were recovery well through the drainage tube pressure adjustment or set it once again.The incidence of complications in group A was 5.56％,group B was 36.36％.There was no significant difference between group A and group B (P ＞ 0.05).In group A,there was no obstruction of shunt tube,ventricular end of the shunt tube blockage occurred in 4 cases in group B,the incidence rate was 18.18％ (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Neuronavigation guided ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement to the accuracy of position setting has significant advantages over traditional ventriculoperitoneal shunt in the ventricular end of the shunt tube and it has some advantages in reducing postoperative complications.

Objective To study the clinical and electrophysiological features of the patients with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy ( HNPP) diagnosed by gene analysis.Methods Seven patients from two HNPP families were assessed on medical history, physical examination, electrophysiology findings and gene analysis.Results A clinical manifestation of acute, painless, recurrent peripheral nerve palsies was typical for HNPP.Median, ulnar and peroneal nerves were usually affected.Electrophysiology study revealed that prolonged distal motor latency and slowing nerve conduction velocity were prominent.Gene studies exhibited a deletion of the peripheral myelination protein 22 gene in all the seven patients.Conclusions HNPP usually affects areas where nerves are subject to entrapment, and many episodes are preceded by minor compression on the affected nerve.As a reliable screening tool in detecting HNPP, the electrophysiological study shows that segmental demyelination is most commonly seen at common nerve entrapment sites.