Objective:To investigate the protective effect of a composite hydrogel against hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced oxidative stress injury in the cardiomyocytes,and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods:The mice were subcutaneously injected with 100 μL of hydrogel.After normal feeding for 1,14,and 28 d,the mice were sacrificed.Tissue samples were collected and subjected to HE staining to observe the histocompatibity of the hydrogel.The primary cardiomyocytes isolated from 1-day-old SD rats were used to establish an oxidative stress injury model.The primary cardiomyocyties were divided into control,H2O2 and H2O2+Hydrogel groups.The primary cardiomyocytes in control group were cultured normally,the primary cardiomyocytes in H2O2 group were treated with 200 μmol·L-1 H2O2 for 24 h,and the primary cardiomyocytes in H2O2+Hydrogel group were incubated with 1 g·L-1 composite hydrogel and 200 μmol·L-1 H2O2 for 24 h.The viabilities of cardiomyocytes in various groups were assessed by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method.Dihydroethidium(DHE)and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)staining were used to assess the reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels in the cells.The expressions of filamentous actin(F-actin)in the cells in various groups were detected by phalloidin fluorescence staining;the expressions of connexin 43(Cx43)and cardiac troponin T(cTnT)proteins in the cardiomyocytes in various groups were detected by immunofluorescence method.The apoptotic rates of cardiomyocytes in various groups were assessed with TUNEL staining method.The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)in the cardiomyocytes in various groups were assessed by Western blotting method.Results:The HE staining results showed that the inflammatory cells around the implanted hydrogel were less infiltrated,and the inflammatory reaction of subcutaneous implantation was less.Compared with control group,the viability of cardiomyocytes in H2O2 group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),the level of ROS in the cells was increased(P＜0.05),the expression levels of Cx43,cTnT and F-actin proteins in the cells were decreased(P＜0.001),the apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes were decreased(P＜0.01),the expression level of Bcl-2 protein in the cells was increased(P＜0.001),and the expression level of Bax protein was decreased(P＜0.01).Compared with H2O2 group,the viability of cardiomyocytes was significantly increased(P＜0.05),the level of ROS in the cells was decreased(P＜0.01),the expression levels of cTnT,Cx43 and F-actin proteins were increased(P＜0.01),the apoptotic rate of cardiomyocytes were significantly decreased(P＜0.001),the expression level of Bcl-2 protein in the cells were decreased(P＜0.01),and the expression level of Bax protein was increased(P＜0.01).Conclusion:Hydrogel may promote the expression of cardiomyocyte-related proteins by scavenging ROS in the environment and inhibit the cardiomyocyte apoptosis to achieve the protective effect on the cardiomyocytes under oxidative stress.

Objective:To investigate and analyze the employment status of college graduates majoring in health service and management in China.Methods:From April 2023 to June 2024, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on undergraduate graduates majoring in health service and management from 34 universities in China using convenient sampling method. General information was collected (such as gender, household registration at graduation, only child status, average monthly family income, previous experience as a student cadre, average grade point, part-time job experience, entrepreneurial experience, whether a first batch graduate of the university and the major, self-assessment of professional competence level) alongside employment status. Statistical descriptive analysis was employed to analyze the graduates′ basic employment situation, job competence and professional skill demand, types of certificates valued by employers, factors influencing job selection, evaluation of work and profession, and perceptions of professional employment prospects. A total of 1 417 questionnaires were collected in this study, with 1 315 valid responses (92.8%). Chi-square tests were used to compare employment differences among various factors, and binary logistic regression was used to analyze factors influencing employment outcomes.Results:Among 564 employed graduates in the Health Services and Management field, 98 (17.4%) work in health management companies and 97 (17.2%) in hospitals. Regarding important job competencies, 413 (73.2%), 409 (72.5%), and 364 (64.5%) respectively emphasized the importance of information collection and statistical analysis, organizational coordination, and communication skills. Key professional skills highly valued by employers included health risk assessment 175 (66.3%), health measurement 160 (60.6%), and health education and promotion 152 (57.6%). Additionally, 281 (49.8%) highlighted the importance of Health Management Professional Qualification Certificates. Factors influencing job choices included salary and benefits 454 (80.5%) and personal interests and hobbies 279 (49.5%). While 397 (70.4%) of the graduates provided positive feedback on their profession, only 274 (48.6%) were optimistic about their future job prospects. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated significant correlations (all P<0.05) between employment outcomes and factors such as part-time work experience ( OR=1.31) and average grade point ( OR=0.61, 0.68). Conclusions:The employment rate of undergraduate graduates majoring in health service and management in China is low in the health service market, with a low degree of job specialization matching. Graduates are not optimistic about the future employment prospects in their field, possibly due to unclear positioning in talent cultivation in universities and an imperfect job market.

Objective To compare paired boxed gene 1(PAX1)methylation and p16/Ki-67 double staining alone and in combination in thinprep cytologic test(TCT)for distinguishing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASC-US)and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL)population.Methods A total of 247 patients with TCT results of ASC-US and LSIL admitted in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were enrolled in this study.Detection efficacy of PAX1 methylation and p16/Ki-67 double staining alone and in combination was evaluated with colposcopic pathologic results as the gold standard and the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and area under the curve(AUC)as evaluation indexes.Results The positive rates of PAX1 methylation and p16/Ki-67 double staining were increased with the severity of pathological findings.Combined detection of PAX1 methylation and p16/Ki-67 assay had a sensitivity of 91.25％,specificity of 97.72％and accuracy of 95.51％in the women with TCT of ASC-US,and these values were statistically better than those of PAX1 methylation and p16/Ki-67 double staining alone(P＜0.01).Conclusion The combination of PAX1 methylation and p16/Ki-67 double-staining assay can further improve the diagnostic efficacy in patients with ASC-US on TCT results.

Objective To analyze the change trend of age,period and cohort of disease burden of cardiovascular disease(CVD)caused by different dietary factors from 1990 to 2019,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies for patients with cardiovascular disease.Methods Nine dietary factors related to cardiovascular disease in GBD were downloaded,and the change trend and independent effect of each dietary factor were estimated by constructing age period cohort(APC)model combined with endogenous estimation algorithm(IE).Results The rate of CVD DALYs caused by dietary factors in males from 1990 to 2019 was approximately twice that of females.The APC model fits the age effects of various dietary factors,indicating that they continue to increase with age and significantly increase from the age of 50.The period effect indicates that with the change of period,the risk of low fruit,low vegetable,and low nut seed intake decreases,and from 1990 to 2019,it sequentially changed from 0.19 to-0.16,1.35 to-0.98,and 0.17 to-0.09.The risk of other dietary factors increasing with the change of period effect.The cohort effect of various dietary factors indicates that as the cumulative risk of birth cohort decreases,the later the birth population,the lower the risk of dietary factors.Conclusion The CVD DALYs attributed to diet showed an overall downward trend from 1990 to 2019,but the influence of age factors continued to increase with age,and males were about twice as high as females.The intake of animal foods,high sodium,alcohol,and sugar should be reduced,and the intake of whole grains,vegetables,fruits,and nut seeds should be increased.Continuously strengthen the prevention measures of CVD to screen high-risk groups,especially men,and strengthen community health education,develop healthy lifestyle and eating habits,and gradually reduce the disease burden of CVD.

Objective To analyze the change trend of age,period and cohort of disease burden of cardiovascular disease(CVD)caused by different dietary factors from 1990 to 2019,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies for patients with cardiovascular disease.Methods Nine dietary factors related to cardiovascular disease in GBD were downloaded,and the change trend and independent effect of each dietary factor were estimated by constructing age period cohort(APC)model combined with endogenous estimation algorithm(IE).Results The rate of CVD DALYs caused by dietary factors in males from 1990 to 2019 was approximately twice that of females.The APC model fits the age effects of various dietary factors,indicating that they continue to increase with age and significantly increase from the age of 50.The period effect indicates that with the change of period,the risk of low fruit,low vegetable,and low nut seed intake decreases,and from 1990 to 2019,it sequentially changed from 0.19 to-0.16,1.35 to-0.98,and 0.17 to-0.09.The risk of other dietary factors increasing with the change of period effect.The cohort effect of various dietary factors indicates that as the cumulative risk of birth cohort decreases,the later the birth population,the lower the risk of dietary factors.Conclusion The CVD DALYs attributed to diet showed an overall downward trend from 1990 to 2019,but the influence of age factors continued to increase with age,and males were about twice as high as females.The intake of animal foods,high sodium,alcohol,and sugar should be reduced,and the intake of whole grains,vegetables,fruits,and nut seeds should be increased.Continuously strengthen the prevention measures of CVD to screen high-risk groups,especially men,and strengthen community health education,develop healthy lifestyle and eating habits,and gradually reduce the disease burden of CVD.

Basal cell carcinoma has a low mortality rate, but its multiple occurrence, recurrence and metastasis have caused problems for patients and clinical work. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the tumor microenvironment in basal cell carcinoma, previous understanding and treatment concepts for basal cell carcinoma have been changed. This article focuses on the role of tumor microenvironment in the occurrence and development of basal cell carcinoma, and reviews the treatment method based on this.

【Objective】 To investigate dynamic regional homogeneity (dReHo) abnormality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). 【Methods】 A total of 26 ESRD patients and 26 healthy controls (HC) matched in gender, education level and age were included. Rs-fMRI scanning was performed in all subjects. All the subjects were tested by using auditory verbal learning test Huashan version (AVLT-H) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to assess cognitive function before collection of MRI data. T-test was used to observe the difference in dReHo at global level between the two groups. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were made to estimate the correlation between abnormal brain regions and clinical scales. 【Results】 Compared with HC group, the dReHo value in ESRD patients reduced on the bilateral superior margin gyrus, left insula, left posterior central gyrus, and left putamen (P<0.05, replacement test correction). The dReHo values of left superior margin gyrus (r=-0.534, P=0.005) and left insula in ESRD patients (r=-0.422, P=0.032) were negatively correlated with the LR-S score, and the dReHo value of the left margin was negatively correlated with the SR-S score (r=-0.468, P=0.016). 【Conclusion】 There are abnormal dReHo values in several brain regions in ESRD patients during resting state, which is related to the patients’ cognitive function. The variation of dReHo value provides a new objective imaging basis for evaluating the cognitive function of ESRD patients.

Objective:To investigate the resting state functional connectivity changes of the " triple network model" composed of salient network (SN), executive control network (ECN) and default mode network (DMN) in patients with acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).Methods:From August 2020 to December 2021, forty-five acute mTBI patients (mTBI group) and 40 healthy controls (HC group) with matched sex, age, and education were included.The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale was used to evaluate the cognitive status of all subjects.The resting state network (RNS) was established based on independent component analysis (ICA), and the SN, ECN and DMN were extracted, then functional network connectivity (FNC) was analyzed.Subsequently, the correlation between functional connectivity abnormalities and the performance of cognitive impairment was analyzed.SPSS 19.0 was used for statistical analysis and double sample t test was used for comparison between the tow groups. Results:Compared with HC group, mTBI group had enhanced functional connectivity between SN(L-insula) (MNI: x, y, z=-36, 15, 0, t=3.693)and ECN (left superior parietal gyrus, L-SPG) (MNI: x, y, z=-33, -69, 54, t=3.333)(FDR adjust, P<0.05), and decreased functional connectivity between DMN(left superior frontal gyrus, L-SFG) (MNI: x, y, z=-30, 30, 42, t=-4.063)and DMN(L-angular gyrus)(MNI: x, y, z=-21, -66, 33, t=-4.101)(FDR adjust, P<0.05). For FNC analysis, functional network connectivity in SN(IC26)-DMN(IC8) was enhanced in the acute mTBI group and decreased between SN(IC26)-DMN(IC12) and ECN(IC3)-DMN(IC12). The changes of left superior parietal gyrus functional connection were negatively correlated with MoCA score ( r=-0.627, P<0.01), and SN (IC26) -DMN(IC12) connection was positively correlated with MoCA score ( r=0.411, P=0.005). Conclusions:In patients with acute mTBI, the resting functional connectivity changes within and between the networks of the " triple network model" composed of SN, ECN and DMN, and is related to the decline of cognitive function.This will help to better understand the neuropathological mechanism of acute mTBI and post-traumatic cognitive impairment, and may become an effective imaging marker for identifying and predicting cognitive impairment after mTBI.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury, rejection, nephrotoxicity caused by calcineurin inhibitors and other factors cause excessive accumulation of renal extracellular matrix after kidney transplantation, which gradually induce renal fibrosis and eventually lead to renal failure. In recent years, the mechanism of macrophages in renal allograft fibrosis has gradually captivated widespread attention. Studies have shown that some drugs like mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors may mitigate renal allograft fibrosis through the macrophage. In this article, the main pathogenesis and pathophysiological mechanism of renal allograft fibrosis, the role of different macrophages in the progression of renal allograft fibrosis, the infiltration of peripherally-recruited macrophages and renal resident macrophages into renal injury areas, the induction of myofibroblasts by macrophages and potential treatment regimens of macrophage-associated renal allograft fibrosis were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for investigating the role of macrophages in renal allograft fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for simultaneous determination of atorvastatin （ATV） and its active metabolites 2-hydroxy atorvastatin acid （2-HAT）， 4-hydroxy atorvastatin acid （4-HAT） and toxic metabolite atorvastatin lactone （ALT） in rat plasma and apply it for pharmacokinetic study. METHODS LC-MS/MS method was adopted for analysis. The one-step precipitation method was used for processing plasma samples （plasma samples were pretreated by acidification to adjust pH value so as to prevent inversion of configuration）， gradient elution was used to analyze the samples， and the analysis time was 5 min. Electrospray positive ionization was adopted， and positive ion scanning was performed in multi-reaction monitoring. The m/z of quantified ion pairs of ATV and its metabolites such as 2-HAT， 4-HAT and ATL， and internal standard pitavastatin were 559.3→ 440.2， 575.2→440.3， 575.0→440.2， 540.9→448.2 and 422.2→290.0， respectively. After conducting a comprehensive methodological investigation of the analytical method， the concentrations of ATV and its metabolites 2-HAT， 4-HAT，and ATL were determined， and the pharmacokinetic parameters of ATV and its metabolites were calculated using the non- compartment model of WinNonlin 6.1. RESULTS The results of methodological validation showed that endogenous substances in blank plasma did not interfere with the determination of the components to be tested， and the standard curve had a good linear relationship； the lower limits of quantification for ATV， 2-HAT， 4-HAT and ATL were 0.5， 0.5， 0.25 and 0.063 nmol/L， respectively. The precision， accuracy， recovery， matrix effect and stability investigation were all in line with the requirements of biological analysis. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that after intragastric administration in rats， ATV calcium metabolized rapidly， and was mainly exposed to blood circulation in the form of ATV and 2-HAT， with the lowest concentration of lactone-type metabolites. CONCLUSIONS The established method is precise， rapid and accurate for plasma concentration analysis of ATV and its active/toxic metabolites. The application of the method could help to fully elucidate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of atorvastatin calcium in rats.