OBJECTIVES: To investigate the ethnic origin of Chuanqing people, one of the largest unidentified ethnic groups in Guizhou, China, and analyze its genetic relationships with surrounding populations. METHODS: Based on a self-developed microhaplotype system, we conducted genotyping and analyzed the genetic distribution of microhaplotype loci and their forensic applicability in Chuanqing population in Guizhou Province. Using the microhaplotype data from different intercontinental populations and previously reported data from Han population living in Guizhou Province, we systematically investigated the genetic background of Chuanqing people through population genetic approaches, including genetic distance estimation, principal component analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction. RESULTS: Among the studied population, the number of haplotype per microhaplotype ranged from 6 to 25. The average expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), power of discrimination (PD), and probability of exclusion (PE) were 0.8291, 0.8301, 0.9387, and 0.6593, respectively. The cumulative power of discrimination (CPD) and cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) for these 33 loci were 1-2.62×10^-41 and 1-7.64×10^-17, respectively. Population genetic analyses revealed that the Chuanqing population had close genetic relationships with the East Asian populations, especially the local Guizhou Han population, Beijing Han population and the Han populations living in southern China. CONCLUSIONS The 33 microhaplotypes exhibit high levels of genetic diversity in the Guizhou Chuanqing population, highlighting their potentials for both forensic identification and parentage testing. The Han populations might have contributed a significant amount of genetic material to the Chuanqing population during the formation and development of the latter.
Humans ; China/ethnology* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Forensic Genetics/methods* ; Genetics, Population ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Phylogeny ; East Asian People/genetics*

Mitophagy,a special form of selective autophagy,plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by regulating cellular lipid metabolism,inflammation,and oxidative stress.However,its regulatory mech-anism is complex and has not been fully elucidated.Notably,many drugs and herbal ingredients exhibit anti-atherosclerot-ic effects by modulating mitophagy in macrophages,vascular endothelial cells,and vascular smooth muscle cells,offering potential new avenues for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.In this article,we review the role of mitophagy in regulating cellular functions and the progression of atherosclerosis,as well as summarize potential therapeutic drugs that may contribute to anti-atherosclerosis by modulating mitophagy.Our aim is to provide a new literature basis for further ex-ploration of the role of mitophagy in atherosclerosis.

Objective:To explore the correlation between smoking behavior of employees in heavy industry enterprises and risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Methods:A cross-sectional study design was adopted. A questionnaire survey and physical examination data collection were conducted on employees of a heavy industry enterprise in Shaanxi Province using a cluster sampling method from March to April 2024. A total of 2 209 cases met the inclusion criteria. According to the smoking index (SI), participants were divided into a non-smoking group (SI=0, 1 316 cases), a low smoking group (SI400, 656 cases), and a high smoking group (SI≥400, 237 cases). According to the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) score, participants were divided into a non-dependence group (FTND=0, 1 316 cases), a mild dependence group (FTND=1-3, 623 cases), a moderate dependence group (FTND=4-6, 204 cases), and a severe dependence group (FTND≥7, 66 cases). Spearman rank correlation, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to compare differences in blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, homocysteine, and body mass index among the groups.Results:As the SI and FTND scores increased, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and homocysteine all showed an increasing trend, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a decreasing trend (all P0.05). The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, serum uric acid, and homocysteine in the high smoking group were higher than those in the non-smoking group [(124.93±16.55) vs (122.32±16.62) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (80.86±11.10) vs (76.18±11.63) mmHg, 5.58 vs 5.29 mmol/L, (3.13±0.65) vs (2.95±0.56) mmol/L, 1.70 vs 1.09 mmol/L, (336.80±69.94) vs (299.00±86.43) μmol/L, 14.20 vs 11.76 μmol/L, all P0.001], the high-smoking group had lower HDL cholesterol than the non-smoking group [(1.34±0.30) vs (1.39±0.27) mmol/L, P0.001], the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, serum uric acid, and homocysteine in the severely dependent group were higher than those in the non-dependent group [(132.09±16.69 )vs (122.32±16.62) mmHg, (81.32±12.97) vs (76.18±11.63) mmHg, 5.61 vs 5.29 mmol/L, (4.98±0.91 )vs (4.70±0.88) mmol/L, (3.19±0.62) vs (2.95±0.56) mmol/L, 1.87 vs 1.09 mmol/L, (328.95±75.21) vs (299.03±86.43) μmol/L, 14.38 vs 11.76 μmol/L, all P0.05], and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the severely dependent group was lower than that in the non-dependent group [(1.32±0.30) vs (1.39±0.27) mmol/L, P0.001]. Multivariate analysis showed that SI and degree of tobacco dependence (DTD), were significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol, but the effect size of SI was too small ( OR=1.001, 95% CI: 1.000-1.001, P=0.002, OR=1.001, 95% CI: 1.001-1.002, P0.001, OR=1.001, 95% CI: 1.000-1.001, P=0.032). Conclusions:Smoking behavior among employees in heavy industry enterprises is significantly correlated with risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The degree of tobacco dependence is closely related to the risk of abnormal fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides.

Mitophagy,a special form of selective autophagy,plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by regulating cellular lipid metabolism,inflammation,and oxidative stress.However,its regulatory mech-anism is complex and has not been fully elucidated.Notably,many drugs and herbal ingredients exhibit anti-atherosclerot-ic effects by modulating mitophagy in macrophages,vascular endothelial cells,and vascular smooth muscle cells,offering potential new avenues for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.In this article,we review the role of mitophagy in regulating cellular functions and the progression of atherosclerosis,as well as summarize potential therapeutic drugs that may contribute to anti-atherosclerosis by modulating mitophagy.Our aim is to provide a new literature basis for further ex-ploration of the role of mitophagy in atherosclerosis.

Objective:To evaluate a novel classification of sacroiliac screw bony channels based on CT axial scans proposed by the present study and a new grading system for accuracy and safety of sacroiliac screw placement.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 132 patients with pelvic fracture who had undergone percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring with sacroiliac screws at Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2023 to January 2025. In this cohort, 79 cases were male and 53 ones female, with an age of (44.9±12.4) years. According to the Denis classification of sacral fractures, 69 cases were of type 1, 54 cases of type 2 and 9 cases of type 3. A total of 160 sacroiliac screws were placed in this cohort. Based on the preoperative CT axial plain scans of the sacrum, a novel CT classification of sacroiliac screw bony channels was proposed as follows: S 1 screw parallel channel (71 screws inserted), S 1 screw oblique channel (31 screws inserted), and S 2 screw parallel channel (58 screws inserted). A new grading system for accuracy and safety of sacroiliac screw placement was developed based on the position of sacroiliac screw relative to that of sacroiliac bony channel in postoperative CT axial scan: grade 1: screw completely within the bony channel; grade 2: screw incompletely within the bony channel without contacting the anterior or posterior cortex; grade 3: contacting but not penetrating the cortex; grade 4: penetrating the cortex. Six senior surgeons verified the inter-observer consistency and intra-observer repeatability of the new grading system for accuracy and safety of sacroiliac screw placement. Results:According to the new grading system for accuracy and safety of sacroiliac screw placement, of the 160 sacroiliac screws placed in the 132 patients, 122 were graded as grade 1, 19 as grade 2, 9 as grade 3, and 10 as grade 4, yielding an excellent and good rate of 88.13% (141/160), and an acceptability rate of 93.75% (150/160). The Kappa values for inter-observer consistency and intra-observer repeatability of the new grading system were 0.87 and 0.97, respectively. All the 132 patients were followed up for (18.3±3.6) months after surgery. During the follow-up period, none of the patients experienced such complications as retraction, breakage, or infection of the screws. Screw loosening occurred in some patients who were followed up for more than 1 year [5.51% (7/127), with 3 S 1 screws of grade 3 and 4 S 1 screws of grade 4]. Conclusion:The novel classification of sacroiliac screw bony channels based on CT axial scans proposed by the present study and the new grading system for accuracy and safety of sacroiliac screw placement can lead to a high acceptability rate of sacroiliac screw placement, indicating clinical practicality of the novel classification and the new grading system.

Objective:To explore the correlation between smoking behavior of employees in heavy industry enterprises and risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Methods:A cross-sectional study design was adopted. A questionnaire survey and physical examination data collection were conducted on employees of a heavy industry enterprise in Shaanxi Province using a cluster sampling method from March to April 2024. A total of 2 209 cases met the inclusion criteria. According to the smoking index (SI), participants were divided into a non-smoking group (SI=0, 1 316 cases), a low smoking group (SI400, 656 cases), and a high smoking group (SI≥400, 237 cases). According to the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) score, participants were divided into a non-dependence group (FTND=0, 1 316 cases), a mild dependence group (FTND=1-3, 623 cases), a moderate dependence group (FTND=4-6, 204 cases), and a severe dependence group (FTND≥7, 66 cases). Spearman rank correlation, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to compare differences in blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, homocysteine, and body mass index among the groups.Results:As the SI and FTND scores increased, blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and homocysteine all showed an increasing trend, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a decreasing trend (all P0.05). The systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, serum uric acid, and homocysteine in the high smoking group were higher than those in the non-smoking group [(124.93±16.55) vs (122.32±16.62) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (80.86±11.10) vs (76.18±11.63) mmHg, 5.58 vs 5.29 mmol/L, (3.13±0.65) vs (2.95±0.56) mmol/L, 1.70 vs 1.09 mmol/L, (336.80±69.94) vs (299.00±86.43) μmol/L, 14.20 vs 11.76 μmol/L, all P0.001], the high-smoking group had lower HDL cholesterol than the non-smoking group [(1.34±0.30) vs (1.39±0.27) mmol/L, P0.001], the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, serum uric acid, and homocysteine in the severely dependent group were higher than those in the non-dependent group [(132.09±16.69 )vs (122.32±16.62) mmHg, (81.32±12.97) vs (76.18±11.63) mmHg, 5.61 vs 5.29 mmol/L, (4.98±0.91 )vs (4.70±0.88) mmol/L, (3.19±0.62) vs (2.95±0.56) mmol/L, 1.87 vs 1.09 mmol/L, (328.95±75.21) vs (299.03±86.43) μmol/L, 14.38 vs 11.76 μmol/L, all P0.05], and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the severely dependent group was lower than that in the non-dependent group [(1.32±0.30) vs (1.39±0.27) mmol/L, P0.001]. Multivariate analysis showed that SI and degree of tobacco dependence (DTD), were significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol, but the effect size of SI was too small ( OR=1.001, 95% CI: 1.000-1.001, P=0.002, OR=1.001, 95% CI: 1.001-1.002, P0.001, OR=1.001, 95% CI: 1.000-1.001, P=0.032). Conclusions:Smoking behavior among employees in heavy industry enterprises is significantly correlated with risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The degree of tobacco dependence is closely related to the risk of abnormal fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides.

Objective:To evaluate a novel classification of sacroiliac screw bony channels based on CT axial scans proposed by the present study and a new grading system for accuracy and safety of sacroiliac screw placement.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 132 patients with pelvic fracture who had undergone percutaneous fixation of the posterior pelvic ring with sacroiliac screws at Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January 2023 to January 2025. In this cohort, 79 cases were male and 53 ones female, with an age of (44.9±12.4) years. According to the Denis classification of sacral fractures, 69 cases were of type 1, 54 cases of type 2 and 9 cases of type 3. A total of 160 sacroiliac screws were placed in this cohort. Based on the preoperative CT axial plain scans of the sacrum, a novel CT classification of sacroiliac screw bony channels was proposed as follows: S 1 screw parallel channel (71 screws inserted), S 1 screw oblique channel (31 screws inserted), and S 2 screw parallel channel (58 screws inserted). A new grading system for accuracy and safety of sacroiliac screw placement was developed based on the position of sacroiliac screw relative to that of sacroiliac bony channel in postoperative CT axial scan: grade 1: screw completely within the bony channel; grade 2: screw incompletely within the bony channel without contacting the anterior or posterior cortex; grade 3: contacting but not penetrating the cortex; grade 4: penetrating the cortex. Six senior surgeons verified the inter-observer consistency and intra-observer repeatability of the new grading system for accuracy and safety of sacroiliac screw placement. Results:According to the new grading system for accuracy and safety of sacroiliac screw placement, of the 160 sacroiliac screws placed in the 132 patients, 122 were graded as grade 1, 19 as grade 2, 9 as grade 3, and 10 as grade 4, yielding an excellent and good rate of 88.13% (141/160), and an acceptability rate of 93.75% (150/160). The Kappa values for inter-observer consistency and intra-observer repeatability of the new grading system were 0.87 and 0.97, respectively. All the 132 patients were followed up for (18.3±3.6) months after surgery. During the follow-up period, none of the patients experienced such complications as retraction, breakage, or infection of the screws. Screw loosening occurred in some patients who were followed up for more than 1 year [5.51% (7/127), with 3 S 1 screws of grade 3 and 4 S 1 screws of grade 4]. Conclusion:The novel classification of sacroiliac screw bony channels based on CT axial scans proposed by the present study and the new grading system for accuracy and safety of sacroiliac screw placement can lead to a high acceptability rate of sacroiliac screw placement, indicating clinical practicality of the novel classification and the new grading system.

Conventional 1.5T and 3.0T cardiac MRI(CMRI)had been widely used.The ultrahigh field MR behaved better in image resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.The domestic 5.0T whole-body ultrahigh field MRI had better balance between the field strength and quality in CMRI,which was expected to improve imaging quality and efficiency.The status challenges and future of 5.0T CMRI were reviewed in this paper.

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles,which not only provide energy and material basis for cells,but also regulate cell proliferation,migration,differentiation,and apoptosis.Cell fate is regulated by mechanical cues from the microenvironment.Recent studies have shown that energy metabolism is regulated by mechanical cues.Mitochondria can act as mechanical sensors and hubs that connect the mechanics and metabolism to regulate cell fate.A deep understanding of the relationship between the mechanical microenvironment and mitochondrial metabolism provides sufficient guidance for promoting tissue regeneration and treating diseases.In this review,the progression in mitochondrial mechanobiology is mainly introduced and its potential applications in tissue regeneration and disease treatment are explored.

Diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, collectively referred to the " Three Highs, " represent increasingly prevalent metabolic risk factors in China. Many individuals experience all three conditions concurrently, significantly heightening the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Although the National Metabolic Management Center(MMC) has been established for over eight years and has its unique features, the awareness, treatment, and control rates of these diseases in China remain low, and the efficiency of community management is insufficient. According to the previous two editions of management guidelines and the most recent domestic and international diagnostic and treatment guidelines, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the operational experience and management strategies of the MMC. Its aim is to improve the efficiency of grassroots MMC mode management for " Three Highs" patients and ensure that patients receive more standardized management.