ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and mechanisms of Sini San in the treatment of depression and liver injury based on gut microbiota. MethodsThirty-two male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a normal group， model group （M）， Sini San group （MS， 2.5 g·kg^-1）， and fluoxetine group （MF， 2 mg·kg^-1）. Except for the normal group， rats in the other three groups were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）. After 8 weeks， the open-field test and sucrose preference test were conducted. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum corticosterone （CORT）， adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）， corticotropin-releasing factor （CRF）， lipopolysaccharide （LPS）， Zonulin， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex， and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） levels in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression. Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） levels were measured using the ultraviolet lactate dehydrogenase method. The ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium was observed by electron microscopy， and gut microbiota in rat feces were analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the sucrose preference of rats in the model group was significantly reduced （P0.01）， whereas it was significantly increased in the Sini San group compared with the model group （P0.05）. Compared with the normal group， hippocampal GABA protein levels and BDNF mRNA expression in the model group were significantly decreased （P0.05）， and compared with the model group， both were significantly increased in the Sini San group （P0.05， P0.01）. Compared with the normal group， serum LPS and Zonulin levels in the model group were significantly increased （P0.05， P0.01）， and compared with the model group， Zonulin levels in the Sini San group were significantly decreased （P0.05）. No obvious changes were observed in the ultrastructure of the jejunal mucosa among groups. Compared with the normal group， widened and blurred tight junctions， sparse and shortened microvilli， and mitochondrial swelling with cristae disruption in epithelial cells were observed in the ileal and colonic mucosa of the model group， which were markedly improved in the Sini San and fluoxetine groups. The results of 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that Sini San improved CUMS-induced dysbiosis of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Correlation analysis indicated that Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly correlated with depression-related indicators， liver function， and intestinal mucosal permeability. ConclusionSini San exerts antidepressant and hepatoprotective effects by improving Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and inhibiting the increase in intestinal mucosal permeability in CUMS rats.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and mechanisms of Sini San in the treatment of depression and liver injury based on gut microbiota. MethodsThirty-two male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a normal group， model group （M）， Sini San group （MS， 2.5 g·kg^-1）， and fluoxetine group （MF， 2 mg·kg^-1）. Except for the normal group， rats in the other three groups were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress （CUMS）. After 8 weeks， the open-field test and sucrose preference test were conducted. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum corticosterone （CORT）， adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH）， corticotropin-releasing factor （CRF）， lipopolysaccharide （LPS）， Zonulin， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex， and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） levels in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect hippocampal BDNF mRNA expression. Serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） levels were measured using the ultraviolet lactate dehydrogenase method. The ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium was observed by electron microscopy， and gut microbiota in rat feces were analyzed using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the sucrose preference of rats in the model group was significantly reduced （P<0.01）， whereas it was significantly increased in the Sini San group compared with the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the normal group， hippocampal GABA protein levels and BDNF mRNA expression in the model group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， both were significantly increased in the Sini San group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， serum LPS and Zonulin levels in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and compared with the model group， Zonulin levels in the Sini San group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）. No obvious changes were observed in the ultrastructure of the jejunal mucosa among groups. Compared with the normal group， widened and blurred tight junctions， sparse and shortened microvilli， and mitochondrial swelling with cristae disruption in epithelial cells were observed in the ileal and colonic mucosa of the model group， which were markedly improved in the Sini San and fluoxetine groups. The results of 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing showed that Sini San improved CUMS-induced dysbiosis of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Correlation analysis indicated that Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were significantly correlated with depression-related indicators， liver function， and intestinal mucosal permeability. ConclusionSini San exerts antidepressant and hepatoprotective effects by improving Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and inhibiting the increase in intestinal mucosal permeability in CUMS rats.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury （RIRI） is a major cause of acute kidney injury during kidney transplantation and peri-operative settings， and there is still a lack of safe and effective targeted preventive and therapeutic drugs in clinical practice. Specifically， xanthohumol， luteolin， dracorhodin C， naringin， senkyunolide Ⅰ， verbascoside， and shikonin enhance antioxidant defenses， and inhibit lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis via the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. Apigenin， nobiletin， tanshinone Ⅱ A ， and salidroside activate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway to inhibit mitochondria- dependent apoptosis and facilitate renal repair. Quercetin， methyleugenol， cyanidin-3-glucoside， and platycodin D promote autophagy and improve mitochondrial homeostasis through the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase（AMPK）/mTOR or AMPK/phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1/Parkin pathways. In addition， hesperidin， curcumin， ganoderic acid， pulsatilla saponin B4， capsaicin， and diosgenin mitigate inflammatory responses and decrease renal tubular injury markers by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB， high mobility group box 1， Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways， thereby exerting multi-target， multi-stage renoprotective effects.

The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

Constructing functional microvascular networks in vitro represents a pivotal step in the creation of engineered tissues,organ-on-chip models,and organoids,holding profound implications for tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,drug screening,and disease modeling.As a cutting-edge bio-manufacturing approach,bioprinting enables the precise deposition of biomaterials,cells,and bioactive molecules to fabricate intricate microvascular networks that faithfully replicate the geometric architecture and functional properties of native microvasculature.This review summarizes the research progress in bioprinting microvascular networks,with a focus on bioprinting technologies,bioinks,and the biomechanical functional evaluation of microvascular networks.

A 42-year-old male patient developed mild allergic symptoms after the use of cisatracurium besylate in laparoscopic left renal tumor resection,which was relieved by symptomatic treatment.When the drug was added again intraoperatively,the patient's blood pressure decreased sharply from 120/71 mmHg to 50/30 mmHg,and the airway resistance increased from 16 cmH2O to 38 cmH2O,and the patient developed typical signs of anaphylactic shock.After immediate intravenous injection of epinephrine,calcium chloride and other drugs,the patient's blood pressure rose to 95/57 mmHg,airway resistance decreased to 20 cmH2O,and vital signs tended to be stable.The Naranjo's Assessment Scale was used to evaluate and analyze the correlation of suspected drugs.The score was 9 points,indicating that the association between anaphylactic shock and cisatracurium besylate in this patient was judged to be"definitely related".This article suggests that cisatracurium besylate carries an allergic risk and should be used with caution,and the monitoring of vital signs and allergic reactions should be strengthened for early identification and timely treatment to ensure the safety of patients during the perioperative period.

Objective To investigate the influence of oxygen supply flow rate in high-flow nasal cannula(HFNC)oxygen therapy on pressure distributions in the upper airway.Methods A three-dimensional(3D)model of the upper airway was reconstructed using CT images from an adult male,and then coupled with a high-flow nasal cannula model to establish a coupled model of the nasal cannula and the upper airway.Subsequently,a physical model of this upper airway,which was combined with a head model,artificial lungs,and a monitoring system was created by 3D printing technology to form a physical simulation platform in vitro.Computational and physical simulations were carried out respectively to determine the air pressure at typical locations in the upper airway under different oxygen supply flow rates.Results Pressures at typical upper airway locations obtained by computational and physical simulations turned out to be in good agreement;both peak inspirational pressure(PIP)and positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)increased quadratically with the increase of oxygen supply flow rate;and the air pressure distribution was more uniform in the laryngeal cross-section as compared to the nasal part of the upper airway.Conclusions This study may provide a theoretical support for optimization of the setting of oxygen suppy flow rate and the selection of PEEP effect assessment position in the clinical application of HFNC oxygen therapy.

Constructing functional microvascular networks in vitro represents a pivotal step in the creation of engineered tissues,organ-on-chip models,and organoids,holding profound implications for tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,drug screening,and disease modeling.As a cutting-edge bio-manufacturing approach,bioprinting enables the precise deposition of biomaterials,cells,and bioactive molecules to fabricate intricate microvascular networks that faithfully replicate the geometric architecture and functional properties of native microvasculature.This review summarizes the research progress in bioprinting microvascular networks,with a focus on bioprinting technologies,bioinks,and the biomechanical functional evaluation of microvascular networks.

A 42-year-old male patient developed mild allergic symptoms after the use of cisatracurium besylate in laparoscopic left renal tumor resection,which was relieved by symptomatic treatment.When the drug was added again intraoperatively,the patient's blood pressure decreased sharply from 120/71 mmHg to 50/30 mmHg,and the airway resistance increased from 16 cmH2O to 38 cmH2O,and the patient developed typical signs of anaphylactic shock.After immediate intravenous injection of epinephrine,calcium chloride and other drugs,the patient's blood pressure rose to 95/57 mmHg,airway resistance decreased to 20 cmH2O,and vital signs tended to be stable.The Naranjo's Assessment Scale was used to evaluate and analyze the correlation of suspected drugs.The score was 9 points,indicating that the association between anaphylactic shock and cisatracurium besylate in this patient was judged to be"definitely related".This article suggests that cisatracurium besylate carries an allergic risk and should be used with caution,and the monitoring of vital signs and allergic reactions should be strengthened for early identification and timely treatment to ensure the safety of patients during the perioperative period.

OBJECTIVE To explore the anti-tumor effect of Yiqi Yangyin Jiedu Recipe on Lewis lung cancer mice and its influ-ence on immunomodulation.METHODS Lewis lung cancer mouse model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of Lewis lung cancer cells under the armpit and divided into model group,low dose group,medium dose group and high dose group.The tumor vol-ume,tumor inhibition rate and survival rate were calculated.The apoptosis and DNA damage of tumor cells were detected by HE stai-ning,TUNEL assay and comet assay respectively.The expression levels of IFN-γ,IL-2 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA.CD8+,CD8+/CD4+,PD1+,IFN-γ+,CD28+cells were detected by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.The protein levels of PD1,CD69 and CD28 were detected by Western blot.RESULTS Yiqi Yangyin Jiedu Recipe has anti-tumor effects,prolonging survival,promo-ting apoptosis of tumor cells and aggravating DNA damage of tumor cells.Drug treatment promoted the expression of IFN-γ,IL-2 and TNF-α,increased the proportion of CD8+T,CD8+/CD4+T,IFN-γ+and CD28+cells,and inhibited the proportion of PD1+cells and protein expression,and the protein levels of CD69 and CD28 were significantly increased.CONCLUSION Yiqi Yangyin Jiedu Reci-pe can inhibit the development of tumor,and its regulation of immune function is the potential mechanism of its anti-tumor effect.