Objective: To investigate the distribution of HPA, HLA alleles and haplotypes among apheresis platelet donors in Changsha, China, and to establish an apheresis platelet donor database. Methods: High-resolution genotyping of HLA-A and -B was performed using PCR sequence based typing (SBT) and next generation sequencing (NGS). HPA genotyping was conducted using quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). The allele frequency, haplotype frequency and linkage disequilibrium parameters were calculated using the direct counting method, the maximum likelihood method and Arlequin software (V 3.1). Results: A total of 41 HLA-A alleles and 82 HLA-B alleles were detected, and 457 HLA-A-B haplotypes were found, of which 25 showed strong linkage disequilibrium (RLD>0.50). The HPA-3 and HPA-15 had the highest HPA polymorphism and antigen mismatch rate in apheresis platelet donor database in Changsha, and the dual antigen mismatch rate was 0.3704 and 0.3743, respectively. Conclusion: The polymorphism of apheresis platelet donor database in Changsha is complex and has strong regional characteristics. Establishing a high-resolution donor database will strongly support the provision of genetically matched platelets for clinical use, facilitating precise platelet transfusion therapy.

OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors for postoperative surgical site infection(SSI)in the neurosur-gery department patients undergoing craniocerebral surgeries and establish Nomogram prediction model and verify it.METHODS A total of 1 265 patients who underwent craniocerebral surgeries in neurosurgery department of the First Hospital of Quanzhou City from Jan.2021 to Dec.2022 were recruited as the research subjects.The risk factors for the postoperative SSI were explored by logistic regression model.The Nomogram prediction model was established based on the independent risk factors that were screened by logistic regression analysis,and the model was verified.RESULTS Among 1 265 patients who underwent the craniocerebral surgeries,68 had SSI,with the infection rate of 5.38％.Diabetes mellitus,NNIS score no less than 2 points,NRS2002 score no less than 3 points,operation duration no less than 4.33 hours and drainage tube indwelling time more than 3 days were the independent risk factors for the postoperative SSI in the patients undergoing craniocerebral surgeries(P＜0.05).The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)of the established Nomogram pre-diction model was 0.842 in the training group,0.863 in the verification group.the calibration curves were drawn,the goodness of fit of the established Nomogram risk prediction model was assessed by means of Hosmer-Leme-show test;the predicted probability of SSI was highly consistent with the actual probability of infection,with the modeling group(P=0.851),the validation group(P=0.893).CONCLUSIONS The postoperative SSI in the neurosurgery department patients undergoing craniocerebral surgeries is closely associated with the diabe-tes mellitus,NNIS score no less than 2 points,NRS2002 score no less than 3 points,operation duration no less than 4.33 hours and drainage tube indwelling time more than 3 days.The established Nomogram prediction model has high prediction capability and can accurately assess the risk of SSI in the patients.

OBJECTIVE To systematically analyze the functional system and construction requirements for infection prevention and control('infection control system'in short)in medical institutions so as to facilitate the effective,standardized and practical construction of the infection control system.METHODS The questionnaires were de-signed based on the relevant criteria and literatures that were released in China with the combination of expect con-sultant and were distributed to experts or professionals involving multiple fields such as hospital infection manage-ment,clinical medical treatment and information technology.The questionnaires were recycled,summarized and analyzed.RESULTS The list of functions of the infection control system(consultative draft)was formulated after review of literatures and expert consultation,including fundamental functions such as data management,case sur-veillance and intervention feedback as well as the advanced functions like target surveillance,occupational protec-tion and interconnection.The surveyed subjects agreed unanimously after the questionnaire survey that all of the function modules and elements enlisted were important,the average score of importance was more than 4 points,the score of coefficient of variable(CV)for importance of the function modules was less than 0.25,indicating that there was high consistency in the opinions among the surveyed subjects.The element of tracing and epidemiologi-cal survey function was adopted and added according to the feedback suggestions from some of the subjects;two function elements including data query and clinical interaction were revised,and the list of function requirements for the infection control systems was finally defined.CONCLUSION The requirements for functions of the infection control system that are determined in the study can provide important bases and data support for the research and standardized development of future infection control system.

The aim of this study is to identify the cause of death of a South China tiger cub at the Meihuashan breeding institute of Fujian Province.Pathogenic bacteria were isolated and cultured from liver,spleen,lung and other tissue samples of the dead South China tiger aseptically.The iso-lated bacteria were identified through morphological observation,biochemical characterization,sequence analysis of housekeeping gene gyrB,virulence gene detection,animal pathogenicity test and drug sensitivity test.A pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila strain,designated FJ/Tiger-201809 was successfully isolated from the trachea of dead South China tiger.The nucleotide sequence ho-mology between the isolate and 11 strains of Aeromonas gyrB ranged from 91.2％to 99.1％,with the highest homology of 99.1％observed with Aeromonas hydrophila(AF208251.1).Genetic evo-lution analysis showed that the isolated strain FJ/Tiger-201809 was in the same evolutionary branch as other reference strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and was closely related.The pathoge-nicity test in mice showed artificial infection of mice with the strain resulted in varying degrees of lesions in several organs of the mice,and the median lethal dose(LD50)was 1 × 107.8 CFU/mL.Virulence gene test results showed that the isolate FJ/Tiger-201809 carried two virulence genes,aer and act.The results of drug sensitivity test showed that FJ/Tiger-201809 was highly sensitive to enrofloxacin and ampicillin among 18 commonly used antibiotics,relatively sensitive to penicil-lin G and doxycycline,and resistant to the other 14 antibiotics.In conclusion,this study isolated and identified a strain of Aeromonas hydrophila from a dead South China tiger with multiple drug resistance and strong pathogenicity,which provided an important reference for the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in South China tiger.

Objective:To investigate the occurrence and managements of poor recovery after total endoscopic middle ear surgery. Methods:A total of 302 cases（315 ears） who underwent endoscopic middle ear surgery in our hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were collected. Follow up by means of endoscopy, pure tone hearing threshold, tympanogram was conducted at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery to analyze the incidence, possible causes, treatment strategies and effects of poor results tympanic membrane healing and hearing recovery. Results:Among 302 patients（315 ears） followed up, there were 28 cases with poor recovery. There were fourteen cases of poor eardrum healing, of which 10 cases achieved healing of eardrum after tympanic membrane patching in the outpatient department, with a success rate of about 71.4%. TM recurrence adhesion occurred in 4 cases after surgeries of cholesteatoma and adhesive otitis media. One case completely recovered after self eustachian tube insufflation, while 2 cases maintained the degree of eardrum subsidence, and one ineffective patient chose resurgical treatment, with an effective rate was 75.0%. Failure in hearing improvement occurred in 8 cases, all of which underwent second surgical exploration, and seven cases were improved after the second surgery, with an effective rate of 87.5%. Among the 8 patients with no improvement or aggravation of hearing loss after surgery, four cases had postoperative B-type or C-type of tympanogram, and the hearing could not improve after self eustachian tube insufflation for secondary surgical exploration. and the hearing improved after the secondary surgery. Incorrect orientation of ossicular prosthesis was accounted for another 2 cases, the hearing was improved after the ossicular orientation adjustment. One patient with lateral healing of TM and failed hearing recovery was corrected by a second operation. One case of tympanosclerosis underwent stapes release surgery, but hearing recovery still failed. One patient had recurrent postoperative cicatricial atresia of external auditory canal, and the patient was reluctant to undergo reoperation. Postoperative delayed facial paralysis occurred in 1 case, and the facial paralysis recovered recovered after conservative treatments. Conclusion:Eardrum patch and eustachian tube autoflation are simple and effective early outpatient treatment for patient with poor recovery. For those who failed with conservative treatments such as eardrum patch or eustachian tube and poor hearing recovery, the second surgical exploration is safe and effective. Regular follow up after endoscopic middle ear surgery is necessary for the managements of poor recovery.
Humans ; Ear, Middle/surgery* ; Female ; Male ; Endoscopy/methods* ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Tympanic Membrane/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Otologic Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Otitis Media/surgery* ; Eustachian Tube/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To identify and validate novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) and precise continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) using proteomics. METHODS: A prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted. Patients with sepsis admitted to five hospitals in Taizhou City of Zhejiang Province from April 2019 to December 2021 were continuously enrolled, based on the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Sepsis patients were divided into SA-AKI group and non-SA-AKI group, and healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations during the same period were used as control (NC group). Peripheral blood samples from participants were collected for protein mass spectrometry analysis. Differentially expressed proteins were identified, and functional enrichment analysis was conducted on these proteins. The levels of target proteins were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the predictive value of target protein for SA-AKI were evaluated by receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve). Additionally, sepsis patients and healthy individuals were selected from one hospital to externally verify the expression level of the target protein and its predictive value for SA-AKI, as well as the accuracy of CRRT treatment. RESULTS: A total of 37 patients with sepsis (including 19 with AKI and 18 without AKI) and 31 healthy individuals were enrolled for proteomic analysis. Seven proteins were identified with significantly differential expression between the SA-AKI group and non-SA-AKI group: namely cystatin C (CST3), β ₂-microglobulin (β ₂M), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (IGFBP4), complement factor I (CFI), complement factor D (CFD), CD59, and glycoprotein prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these proteins were involved in immune response, complement activation, coagulation cascade, and neutrophil degranulation. ELISA results demonstrated specific expression of each target protein in the SA-AKI group. Additionally, 65 patients with sepsis (38 with AKI and 27 without AKI) and 20 healthy individuals were selected for external validation of the 7 target proteins. ELISA results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the expression levels of CST3, β ₂M, IGFBP4, CFD, and CD59 between the SA-AKI group and non-SA-AKI group. ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve (AUC) values of CST3, β ₂M, IGFBP4, CFD, and CD59 for predicting SA-AKI were 0.788, 0.723, 0.723, 0.795, and 0.836, respectively, all exceeding 0.7. Further analysis of patients who underwent CRRT or not revealed that IGFBP4 had a good predictive value, with an AUC of 0.84. CONCLUSIONS Based on proteomic analysis, CST3, β ₂M, IGFBP4, CFD, and CD59 may serve as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of SA-AKI, among which IGFBP4 might be a potential biomarker for predicting the need for CRRT in SA-AKI patients. However, further clinical validation is required.
Humans ; Sepsis/complications* ; Acute Kidney Injury/blood* ; Proteomics ; Prospective Studies ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Male ; Female ; beta 2-Microglobulin/blood* ; Middle Aged ; Cystatin C/blood* ; Aged

Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is a common clinical digestive system disease and is responding specially to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Following Li Gao's elaborated theory of Zangqi Fashi(visceral qi being corresponding to the four seasons and five elements),this article proposed that the differentiation and treatment for CAG should be focused on middle jiao(spleen and stomach).Based on the connection between the qi movement of spleen-stomach and the yin-yang changes of the four seasons in nature,the etiology,pathogenesis,and treatment of CAG were analyzed.It is proposed that spleen-stomach deficiency is the root cause of CAG,and the internal generation of yin-fire is an important pathological state of CAG.The primary treatment principle for CAG is to tonify the spleen and stomach,and to subside yin fire.In clinical treatment of CAG,the formulation of the prescriptions for tonifying or purging should be based on the properties and flavors of herbal medicines,and then the ascending and descending of qi movement in the human body are normalized,and the exiting and entering of qi movement are in order.In addition to medicinal treatment,dietary regulation is also emphasized for the prevention and treatment of CAG.

Background and Aims:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)is a common surgical method for the treatment of gallbladder diseases.However,some patients experience symptoms such as dyspepsia after surgery,which can affect their quality of life.Compound azinomide enteric-coated tablets,a novel drug,may improve dyspeptic symptoms after LC.This study was conducted to explore the clinical efficacy of compound azinomide enteric-coated tablets in treating post-LC dyspepsia symptoms through a multicenter clinical trial.Methods:A multicenter,superior efficacy,open-label,parallel-controlled design was used.Patients with postoperative dyspepsia were enrolled in 7 centers between January 2023 and May 2024.Patients were randomly assigned to either the observation or control groups using a random number table.The observation group received compound azinomide enteric-coated tablets,while the control group was treated with a combination of oryzae pancreatin tablets and ursodeoxycholic acid tablets.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.The primary endpoints included gastrointestinal symptom scores and quality of life scores assessed before and at 14 and 28 d after treatment.Additionally,the incidence of adverse reactions and cost-effectiveness ratio(CER)were compared between the groups.Results:A total of 303 patients were included,with 150 in the observation group and 153 in the control group.Baseline characteristics were balanced between the groups before treatment(all P>0.05).After treatment,the observation group showed significantly higher effective rates at 14 d and 28 d than the control group(44.7%vs.29.4%;98.0%vs.73.9%,both P<0.05).The observation group also had significantly lower symptom scores and quality of life scores at both 14 and 28 d,with a significantly higher improvement rate in symptom scores compared to the control group(all P<0.05).Further analysis of the improvement rate and treatment efficacy for individual symptoms revealed that,except for the 14-d improvement in abdominal pain/discomfort,the observation group showed better improvement in all other symptoms at 14 d and in all symptoms at 28 d compared to the control group(all P<0.05).No adverse reactions were observed in either group.The CER for the observation group was 283.78 yuan/efficacy rate at 14 d and 128.57 yuan/efficacy rate at 28 d,while the control group's CER was 729.93 yuan/efficacy rate at 14 d and 290.22 yuan/efficacy rate at 28 d.Conclusion:Compound azinomide enteric-coated tablets demonstrated good clinical efficacy in treating dyspepsia symptoms after LC with excellent safety and high cost-effectiveness.Despite some limitations,the results provide a new treatment option for dyspepsia after LC.Larger-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to validate this study's conclusions further.

Objective:To observe the protective effect of Jinbuhuan Jianwei Jiedu Decoction on gastric mucosa of rats with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG); To explore its mechanism through the farnesyl ester X receptor (FXR)/G protein bile acid coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) pathway.Methods:Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, folic acid group, low-, medium-, and high-dosage groups, with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal control group, the other rats were used to establish a CAG model by alternate gavage of 2% sodium salicylate+20 mmol/L sodium deoxycholate+methylnitrosoguanidine (MNNG) for free consumption. The folic acid group was treated with 1.43 mg/kg by gavage, while the low-, medium-, and high-dosage groups were treated with 9.68, 19.35 and 38.7 g/kg of Jinbuhuan Jianwei Jiedu Decoction by gavage, once a day, for 12 weeks. The gastric mucosal blood flow and histopathological changes in each group of rats were observed. Rat gastric juice was collected, and gastric juice pH and pepsin activity were detected. ELISA method was used to detect the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and total bile acid (TBA). Western-blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA levels of FXR, TGR5, CDX2 and SOX2 in gastric mucosal tissue.Results:Compared with the normal control group, the gastric mucosal blood flow and pepsin activity in the low-, medium-, and high-dosage groups increased significantly, and the pH value of gastric juice of medium-, and high-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, TBA in serum of low-, medium-, and high-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.05); and FXR, TGR5, CDX2 in gastric mucosal tissue decreased, while the protein expression of SOX2 increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Jinbuhuan Jianwei Jiedu Decoction has a repairing effect on gastric function and mucosal lesions in CAG rats. Its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of abnormal activation of FXR/TGR5 pathway, regulation of bile acid and inflammatory mediator secretion.

Background and Aims:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)is a common surgical method for the treatment of gallbladder diseases.However,some patients experience symptoms such as dyspepsia after surgery,which can affect their quality of life.Compound azinomide enteric-coated tablets,a novel drug,may improve dyspeptic symptoms after LC.This study was conducted to explore the clinical efficacy of compound azinomide enteric-coated tablets in treating post-LC dyspepsia symptoms through a multicenter clinical trial.Methods:A multicenter,superior efficacy,open-label,parallel-controlled design was used.Patients with postoperative dyspepsia were enrolled in 7 centers between January 2023 and May 2024.Patients were randomly assigned to either the observation or control groups using a random number table.The observation group received compound azinomide enteric-coated tablets,while the control group was treated with a combination of oryzae pancreatin tablets and ursodeoxycholic acid tablets.Both groups were treated for 4 weeks.The primary endpoints included gastrointestinal symptom scores and quality of life scores assessed before and at 14 and 28 d after treatment.Additionally,the incidence of adverse reactions and cost-effectiveness ratio(CER)were compared between the groups.Results:A total of 303 patients were included,with 150 in the observation group and 153 in the control group.Baseline characteristics were balanced between the groups before treatment(all P>0.05).After treatment,the observation group showed significantly higher effective rates at 14 d and 28 d than the control group(44.7%vs.29.4%;98.0%vs.73.9%,both P<0.05).The observation group also had significantly lower symptom scores and quality of life scores at both 14 and 28 d,with a significantly higher improvement rate in symptom scores compared to the control group(all P<0.05).Further analysis of the improvement rate and treatment efficacy for individual symptoms revealed that,except for the 14-d improvement in abdominal pain/discomfort,the observation group showed better improvement in all other symptoms at 14 d and in all symptoms at 28 d compared to the control group(all P<0.05).No adverse reactions were observed in either group.The CER for the observation group was 283.78 yuan/efficacy rate at 14 d and 128.57 yuan/efficacy rate at 28 d,while the control group's CER was 729.93 yuan/efficacy rate at 14 d and 290.22 yuan/efficacy rate at 28 d.Conclusion:Compound azinomide enteric-coated tablets demonstrated good clinical efficacy in treating dyspepsia symptoms after LC with excellent safety and high cost-effectiveness.Despite some limitations,the results provide a new treatment option for dyspepsia after LC.Larger-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to validate this study's conclusions further.